Analysis and Identification of Flavanoids and Phenolcarbonic Acid in Extract Plant of <i>Clinopodium vulgare</i>

Among the plants used by Bulgarian plants traditional medicine is Clinopodium vulgare L. (Lamiaceae). The aim of this study is to identify natural substances like some flavanoids and phenolcarbonic acids discovered in the plant with another technic because of Phenol carbonic acids. Instrumentation: The chromatographic studies were performed on a liquid chromatography. The identification of the components was carried out according to the spectral modifications after addition of the reagents of standard shifts. The results presented in this report seemed appropriate for the identification of flavonoids and phenol carbonic acids in extracts of Clinopodium vulgare.

Genetic Diversity of SSR Markers in Cultivated Hordeum vulgare L.in Qinghai Province

[Objective]The aim was to analyze genetic diversity of SSR markers in Hordeum vulgare L.in Qinghai Province and lay a foundation for screening and protecting some excellent H.vulgare cultivars.[Method]SSR markers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity of 42 cultivated H.vulgare from Qinghai Province.[Result]42 H.vulgare showed polymorphism in 7 SSR markers locus.A total of 24 alleles were identified,and the number of alleles per locus ranged from 1 to 6,with an average of 3.0.According to SSR markers polymorphism,42 H.vulgare could be divided into 4 groups,namely I,II,III and IV.[Result]The study indicated that cultivated H.vulgare from Qinghai Province is rich in genetic diversity,which will provide reference for selecting parent of H.vulgare breeding.

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和高效液相色谱法对Scarlett和Prestige大麦（大麦属vulgare L）的麦芽、麦汗以及啤酒中蛋白组分的比较研究

本研究利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS－PAGE）和反相高效液相色谱法（RP－HPLC），对Scarlett和Prestige大麦麦芽的蛋白组分（大麦醇溶蛋白、清蛋白和其他可溶性蛋白）进行了研究，同时跟踪分析了由这两种麦芽制成的麦芽汁以及啤酒中的蛋白质变化情况。此外，对这两个大麦品种进行了工业酿造规模的研究。 通过对反相高效液相色谱数据进行统计学分析，发现大麦醇溶蛋白在发芽期间存在一个水解过程，导致其含量降低，同时产生较少的疏水性缩氨酸。相比之下，清蛋白和其他可溶性蛋白质在发芽过程中含量会增加。一些麦芽水溶性蛋白会由大麦醇溶蛋白质水解产生。我们还观察分析了这两个品种麦芽蛋白组分数量上的差别。 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳图显示出麦芽汁中的绝大部分组分在成品啤酒中也可以观测到。然而，高效液相色谱数据的化学计量分析显示Scarlett和Prestige大麦麦汁蛋白组分间存在数量上的差异。Scarlett大麦麦汁比Prestige麦汁中含有更多的蛋白质。与两种麦芽汁相比，两种成品啤酒样品中的蛋白相似性更强。 试验将最优方法成功用于两种大麦麦芽蛋白质组分的研究中，同时跟踪分析了发芽期间蛋白质组分的变化情况以及麦芽汁和成品啤酒中蛋白质组分的变化。

QTL analysis of flag leaf in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) for morphological traits and chlorophyll content

To understand genetic patterns of the morphological and physiological traits in flag leaf of barley, a double haploid （DH） population derived from the parents Yerong and Franklin was used to determine quantitative trait loci （QTL） controlling length, width, length/width, and chlorophyll content of flag leaves. A total of 9 QTLs showing significantly additive effect were detected in 8 intervals on 5 chromosomes. The variation of individual QTL ranged from 1.9% to 20.2%. For chlorophyll content expressed as SPAD value, 4 QTLs were identified on chromosomes 2H, 3H and 6H; for leaf length and width, 2 QTLs located on chromosomes 5H and 7H, and 2 QTLs located on chromosome 5H were detected; and for length/width, I QTL was detected on chromosome 7H. The identification of these QTLs associated with the properties of flag leaf is useful for barley improvement in breeding programs.

Differential Responses of Antioxidative System to Soil Water Shortage in Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>L.) Genotypes

Drought is one of the major factors limiting the yield and quality of crops in the world. The activity of antioxidative system to tolerate the drought stress is significant in plants. In the present study, the activities and isoform profiles of catalase (CАТ), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analyzed in four barley genotypes grown under soil water restriction. Drought stress caused increase in the activities of CАТ and SOD in all studied genotypes, while APX activity decreased. The total GR activity increased substantially in genotypes K 2778 and St.Garabag 7 and decreased in No. 77 local and St.Pallidum 596 genotypes under conditions of severe water stress. No detectable differences were observed in the isoenzyme pattern (the appearance of a new isoenzymes and disappearance of another one) between control plants and those subjected to soil drought. However, intensification of corresponding isoforms in electrophoretic spectra was observed in stressed barley leaves relative to watered ones. The obtained results possibly suggest that antioxidant protection in barley plants under drought conditions could be attributed mainly to SOD and CAT.

Allelopathy of Cold Water Extracts from Origanum vulgare ssp. vulgare L.

Secondary metabolites in medicinal plants could lead to discovery of new classes of herbicides. Recently aromatic plants have gained interest as a source of allelopathic secondary metabolites. Origanum vulgare ssp. vulgare L. infusions in hot water are used in folk medicine and possess proved beneficial biological activity. Plant-to-plant variability of metabolites due to genetic heterogeneity is established in Lamiaceae family. From this point of view, studies on plants from different geographic regions might reveal important sources of variability. The objective of this study was to evaluate allelopathic activity of cold water extracts made from the aerial parts of O. vulgare ssp. vulgare growing wild in Northeast Bulgaria in laboratory conditions. The allelopathic effect was evaluated using root elongation test and Allium cepa-test. Oregano extracts (17.5 g/l, 52.5 g/l) significantly decreased root length of Triticum aestivum L. (P ≤ 0.001). The root growth reduction could serve as a sign for presence of water soluble allelopathic secondary metabolites in the plant tested. Oregano (3.5 g/l) inhibited cell division in Allium root meristematic cells. The decline of the mitotic index indicates the occurrence of a cytotoxic effect. Oregano induced abnormalities in mitotic and interphase cells, so can be also considered as genotoxic. The observed macroscopic and microscopic effects of tested extracts indicated presence of water soluble allelochemicals in O. vulgare ssp. vulgare. This characteristic could be further studied as a possibility to be used in weed management programs.

Origanum vulgare L.leaf extract alleviates finasteride-induced oxidative stress in mouse liver and kidney

Objective:To investigate the hepatorenoprotective effects of Origanum vulgare L.against finasteride-induced oxidative injury in the liver and kidney of mice.Methods:Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-ESI/MS)analysis was utilized to yield a fingerprint of Origanum vulgare polyphenolic constituents.Thirty BALB/c mice received 0.5 mL/day distilled water,finasteride(25 mg/kg/day for 10 d),and 100,200,or 400 mg/kg/day finasteride+Origanum vulgare extract with 6 mice per group for five weeks.On day 36,liver and kidney function as well as pro-and antiinflammatory(IFN-γ,IL-12,IL-6,TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-10)cytokines were measured.The total antioxidant status,nitric oxide(NO),and malondialdehyde levels as well as the activities of NO synthase and catalase were also evaluated.Histopathological study was conducted to assess the effect of Origanum vulgare extract on finasteride-induced renal and hepatic toxicities.Results:Twenty-five major polyphenolic compounds were identified in the Origanum vulgare extract by LC-ESI/MS.Origanum vulgare extract,especially at 200 and 400 mg/kg/day doses,significantly improved liver and kidney biochemical indices,decreased inflammatory cytokines,increased total antioxidant status and NO synthase and catalase activities,as well as decreased plasma NO and malondialdehyde levels in a dose-dependent manner as compared to the finasteride group.Histopathological results further confirmed the protective effect of Origanum vulgare extract.Conclusions:Origanum vulgare extract ameliorates finasterideinduced hepatic and renal biochemical and histopathological alterations,and restores antioxidant/oxidant balance.

Influence of Abiotic Elicitors on Accumulation of Thymol in Callus Cultures of Origanum vulgare L.

Callus cultures of Origanum vulgare L. were established from leaf discus on Murashige and Skoog （MS） medium containing different levels of growth regulators, i.e., 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid （2,4-D）, Naphthalene acetic acid （NAA）, Benzyl Adenine （BA） and Kinetin （Kn） and incubated under dark condition. Callus tissues were employed to study the influence of abiotic elicitors on the production of thymol. Constant weights of callus （300 mg） were cultured on accumulation medium treated separately with each one of elicitors used （50 g/L sucrose, 200 mg/L NaC1 and 50 or 100 mg/L proline）. The fresh and dry weights of callus were recorded after six weeks. The result indicated that maximum production of fresh and dry callus weight were 1,014 mg and 46.20 mg respectively achieved at 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 3 mg/L BA adding to the medium. Dry callus tissues were extracted with 70% methanol and analyzed by HPLC to determine the concentrations of thymol. The addition of abiotic elicitors to MS medium caused significant reduction in fresh weight of callus compared with control treatment. The concentration of thymol in the callus cultured on control treatment was 146.6 ppm. The data showed that 50 or 100 mg/L proline produced the highest yield of thymol 181.48 ppm and 174.58 ppm respectively, followed by sucrose 162.9 ppm, whereas the treatment with NaCI caused reduction in thymol concentration to percentage of 50.56% compared with the control.

普通大麦中spontaneum和vulgare亚种染色体N带带型比较研究

本文研究了普通大麦（ＨｏｒｄｅｕｍｖｕｇａｒｅＬ．）中ｓｐｏｎｔａｎｅｕｍ亚种的Ｎ带带型，并与ｖｕｌｇａｒｅ亚种中的栽培大麦进行了比较，发现西亚种的Ｎ带带型存在一定的差异，这种差异主要表现在染色体长短臂中间带数目和位置的不同，而着丝粒带是一致的．因此两亚种Ｎ带带型差异是染色体种内多态性的表现，Ｎ带带型总体上的一致性一定程度上反映了它们间杂交的可亲和性．

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analysis of Barley Landraces from Shanghai Region Using Genotyping-by-Sequencing

Barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)is an important economic crop for food,feed and industrial raw materials.In the present research,112 barley landraces from the Shanghai region were genotyped using genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS),and the genetic diversity and population structure were analyzed.The results showed that 210,268 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms(SNPs)were present in total,and the average poly-morphism information content(PIC)was 0.1642.Genetic diversity and population structure analyses suggested that these barley landraces were differentiated and could be divided into three sub-groups,with morphological traits of row-type and adherence of the hulls the main distinguishing factors between groups.Genotypes with similar or duplicated names were also investigated according to their genetic backgrounds and seed appearances.This study provided valuable information on barley landraces from the Shanghai region,and showed that all these barley landraces should be protected and used for future breeding programs.

Possible Nature of an Electron Dense Substance in the Thylakoid Lumen of Chloroplasts

The fixation of leaves of Tanacetum vulgare L. in glutaraldehyde makes it possible to isolate chloroplasts without sacrificing an electron dense substance in the thylakoid lumen. The extraction of lipids from the chloroplasts isolated from the leaves preliminarily fixed in glutaraldehyde has demonstrated that glycerolipids (galactolipids and phospholipids) are not manifested in TLC, whereas isoprenoid lipids (chlorophyll, carotenoids) are manifested. Presumably, isoprenoid lipids are not fixed with glutaraldehyde and are extracted from the thylakoid membrane. The ultrastructural control demonstrates that the electron dense substance from the thylakoid lumen is also extracted. It is possible that this substance is of isoprenoid nature.

盐碱胁迫对牛至种子萌发和幼苗生理生化特性的影响

以牛至(Origanum vulgare L.)种子为试验材料,研究盐(25,50,75,100,125 mmol·L^(-1)):碱(25,50,75,100,125 mmol·L^(-1))胁迫对牛至种子萌发特性和幼苗生长的影响,为牛至种子育苗和栽培提供依据。结果表明:随着盐碱胁迫浓度升高,牛至种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数逐渐降低;牛至幼苗中丙二醛含量升高,脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量升高,可溶性糖的含量先升高后降低;超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismulase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)活性均为先升高后降低,SOD,CAT活性盐碱浓度均在75 mmol·L^(-1)时达到最大。碱胁迫对牛至种子及幼苗的相对盐害程度大于盐胁迫,在25 mmol·L^(-1)浓度下,碱胁迫对牛至种子的相对盐害率是盐胁迫的2.8倍。综上,盐碱胁迫显著影响牛至种子萌发和幼苗生长,牛至种子萌发和幼苗生长对碱胁迫更为敏感,建议牛至种子盐碱育苗时应选择盐碱度较低的土地(盐浓度<50 mmol·L^(-1)_、碱浓度<25 mmol·L^(-1))。

外源茉莉酸甲酯诱导大麦叶斑病抗性研究

【目的】探讨不同浓度外源茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)诱导大麦抗叶斑病效应差异及其分子机制,为应用MeJA防治大麦叶斑病提供理论依据。【方法】以‘蒙啤麦3号’大麦品种幼苗为材料,设置不接菌(无菌水处理叶片)、接菌(无菌水处理叶片接种麦根腐平脐蠕孢菌)和接菌+MeJA(0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5mmol/LMeJA喷施叶片后接菌)3组处理,于三叶期调查叶斑病发病情况,并据此筛选最适MeJA浓度,然后测定不接菌、接菌及接菌+MeJA(最适浓度)下不同处理时间叶片的抗氧化酶、抗病相关酶活性、丙二醛含量、渗透调节物质含量以及相关基因表达水平。【结果】(1)叶面喷施外源MeJA提高了大麦对叶斑病的抗性,1.5mmol/LMeJA处理叶片的病情指数较对照显著降低19.03%,诱导抗性效果最佳;(2)与单独接菌处理相比,1.5mmol/LMeJA处理大麦叶片超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性均显著提高,而其丙二醛、脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量显著降低,同时受MeJA调控转录因子及编码抗病相关酶的基因表达量显著上调。【结论】外源喷施1.5mmol/LMeJA通过调节抗病相关酶活性和渗透调节物质含量,以及调控抗病相关酶基因及茉莉酸信号途径关键转录因子基因表达,进而提高大麦植株的叶斑病抗性。

基于产量相关性状的大麦种质干旱适应性分析

于2019—2021年,通过测定62份大麦(Hordeum vulgare L.)种质在不同灌水条件下的产量相关性状数据,分析了大麦7个产量相关性状与灌水的相关性。结果表明,z1450066w的生育期较短,正常灌水条件下为82.67 d,干旱胁迫下为65.33 d;TRADI70w的穗长较长,正常灌水条件下为7.82 cm,干旱胁迫下为8.11 cm;ZDM5458的产量较高,正常灌水条件下为397.93 g·m^(-2),干旱胁迫下为309.52 g·m^(-2),且3个试验年份均呈增产趋势。依据62份种质在干旱胁迫下产量相关性状适应能力的不同,将其分为5类,I类的有效分蘖、千粒重性状表现较好,II类和III类分别在穗长和株高性状上表现较好,IV类穗粒数、产量性状表现较好,V类的生育期性状表现较好。与正常灌水相比,干旱胁迫下大麦生育期、株高、穗长、有效分蘖、穗粒数和产量分别降低14.25%、11.37%、1.64%、5.68%、7.61%和27.98%。正常灌水下,穗长与株高、千粒重均呈极显著正相关关系,有效分蘖与穗长、生育期和穗粒数分别呈极显著负相关、极显著正相关和显著负相关关系,千粒重、株高与产量均呈极显著正相关关系;干旱胁迫下,穗长与穗粒数、千粒重和产量分别呈显著负相关、极显著负相关和极显著正相关关系,有效分蘖与株高、千粒重分别呈极显著负相关和极显著正相关关系,生育期与千粒重呈极显著正相关关系。同时,筛选出4份抗旱的大麦种质(ZDM5458,GERTROV,ZDM5430,G0401018K-1),其中干旱胁迫下ZDM5458产量较高,GERTROV和ZDM5430穗粒数较多,G0401018K-1有效分蘖较多。

EMS诱变对大麦种子萌发及M_(1)代植株成熟期主要性状的影响

为探究甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)对大麦种子萌发及M_(1)代植株成熟期主要表型性状突变的影响,以啤酒大麦品种新啤6号为材料,分别用0.00%、0.05%、0.10%、0.15%和0.20%的EMS浸种10 h,分析各浓度EMS处理对种子发芽势、发芽率、致死率、畸变率、幼苗叶绿素含量、根系活力和形态指标的影响,记录0.10%EMS诱变后M_(1)代成熟期植株主要性状的突变类型和突变频率。结果表明,EMS明显抑制种子萌发和幼苗生长,并产生了大量的性状突变。与对照相比,0.10%EMS浸种显著降低了种子发芽势、发芽率、幼苗叶绿素含量和根系活力,致死率和畸变率显著提高;0.15%和0.20%EMS浸种显著降低了幼苗根和芽的长度、鲜重和干重,胚芽鞘干重显著提高。田间统计发现,0.10%EMS处理的M_(1)代植株主要突变性状集中在茎秆、叶片、穗形和育性等方面,产生了红秆、矮秆、红叶、芒卷、穗畸形、结实率低和分蘖少等性状,突变频率分别20.17%、4.87%、1.08%、16.67%、0.94%、14.00%和6.02%。因此,通过EMS诱变构建大麦突变体库和创制种质资源。

青海省青稞主栽品种昆仑14与昆仑15的基因组序列多态性比较

【目的】昆仑14和昆仑15是目前青海省青稞的主栽品种,也是青稞育种工作中重要的骨干亲本。比较昆仑14和昆仑15的基因组序列,为青稞重要性状区间/位点追溯、系谱分析及其二者在分子设计育种方面的利用提供参考。【方法】在田间调查昆仑14和昆仑15的农艺性状和籽粒性状,并进行全基因组重测序(测序深度≥15×)。系统比较2个品种拷贝数变异(CNV)、单核苷酸多态性(SNP)和插入/缺失(InDel)等序列差异。以SNP分布规律为依据,鉴定二者之间的多态性热点区间和序列相似区间。比较分析多态性热点区间和序列相似区间的突变类型。对2个品种的特有CNV变异区间和多态性热点区间内的基因进行富集分析。【结果】除株高和穗下节长度外,二者在其他农艺性状和籽粒性状上存在较高的相似性。与大麦Morex参考基因组相比,2个品种有83 Mb共有CNV变异区间,昆仑14和昆仑15特有的CNV变异区间总长分别为37和38 Mb。昆仑14特有CNV区间内含有564个基因,显著富集在15个GO条目中。昆仑15特有CNV区间内含有519个基因,显著富集在7个GO条目中。在全基因组水平鉴定出昆仑14和昆仑15存在1706 Mb多态性热点区间和2411 Mb序列相似区间。多态性热点区间内含有16768个基因,其功能主要与植物生长发育相关。多态性热点区间和序列相似区间在SNP变异类型、InDel长度分布、突变影响编码功能的比例上差别不大。多态性热点区间和序列相似区间中基因序列上的SNP与InDel变异的类型主要是错义突变,其次是同义突变。【结论】昆仑14和昆仑15的田间表型相似,全基因组水平上,二者之间存在75 Mb的CNV变异区间,差异多态性热点区间主要分布在3H、6H和7H。

大麦HvLEC1基因的克隆及其表达特征分析

植物LEC蛋白是NF-Y转录因子的一类B亚基,在植物胚状体形成过程中起重要作用。为了研究大麦小孢子体外培养形成胚状体的机理,本研究利用RACE技术在大麦中克隆了一个新的LEC基因,该基因cDNA全长为1004 bp,开放阅读框全长为597 bp,编码198个氨基酸,其蛋白1~59位氨基酸含有LEC结构域,命名为HvLEC1。HvLEC1在大麦的根、茎、叶和小孢子培养过程中均能表达,其中小孢子培养7 d时表达量最高,且HvLEC1在大麦品系BI04中的表达量比基19高,BI04愈伤产量也比基19高,表明HvLEC1表达量和愈伤产量有相关性,受盐胁迫后HvLEC1在大麦的根中快速上调表达,提示HvLEC1可能不仅参与小孢子胚状体发生,而且参与盐胁迫响应。

大麦非特异性磷脂酶C基因家族全基因组鉴定及苗期胁迫表达分析

【目的】非特异性磷脂酶C(non-specific phospholipase C,NPC)是磷脂酶C的一种,在植物生长发育和响应非生物胁迫等方面发挥重要作用。在大麦全基因组范围内鉴定NPC基因家族成员,分析相关基因表达特点,为大麦NPC基因功能研究及遗传改良提供理论依据。【方法】基于EnsemblPlants数据库收录的大麦全基因组数据,利用生物信息学的方法对大麦NPC基因家族进行鉴定,并对大麦NPC基因家族的理化特性、亚细胞定位、系统进化关系、基因结构、蛋白结构域和启动子顺势元件等进行分析。利用转录组数据和实时荧光定量PCR分析HvNPC基因在不同组织以及苗期在低温、干旱、盐胁迫下的表达特征。【结果】在大麦基因组中,共鉴定了5个非特异性磷脂酶C基因家族成员,其编码蛋白与其他植物的NPC基因结构相似,均具有Phosphoesterase结构域;HvNPC蛋白序列长度为477-553 aa,等电点为5.22-8.83,分子量为53.12-61.33 kD;亚细胞定位预测HvNPC基因定位于叶绿体、液泡膜、细胞质中;HvNPC启动子区含有大量与非生物胁迫有关的顺势作用元件。实时荧光定量PCR分析证实HvNPC基因受干旱、高盐及低温胁迫诱导表达,其中HvNPC2、HvNPC3和HvNPC5受低温和干旱胁迫诱导表达;HvNPC3和HvNPC5受盐胁迫诱导表达。【结论】在大麦基因组中共鉴定5个HvNPC基因,HvNPC基因成员具有器官表达特异性,并且不同基因对非生物胁迫响应不同。

大麦cDNA-AFLP技术体系的优化及其应用

为构建适合分析大麦杂种优势的cDNA-AFLP技术体系,以4个大麦不育系、2个大麦恢复系以及按4×2配制的8个杂交种为材料,对影响大麦cDNA-AFLP技术体系的几个关键因素进行了研究。结果表明,大麦cDNA-AFLP技术按以下程序可得到多态性好的清晰条带:使用百泰克公司的TRIpure Reagent总RNA提取试剂可提取到高质量的叶片总RNA;用TaKaRa的M-MLV RTase反转录合成双链cDNA;用MseⅠ和EcoRⅠ酶切6h,再用T4连接酶15℃连接接头18h;预扩PCR反应的dNTP终浓度为0.2mmol.L-1,扩增20循环效果最好;预扩产物稀释20倍后进行选择性扩增,最终用6%的变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶进行电泳分离条带。利用该cDNA-AFLP体系对参试杂交种及其亲本的谱带类型进行了分析,亲本与杂种之间共扩增出7种类型的谱带,分别是共同表达型(P1P2F1)、P1表达型(P1)、P2表达型(P2)、F1表达型(F1)、P2F1表达型(P2F1)、P1F1表达型(P1F1)和P1P2表达型(P1P2)。其中差异谱带类型可分为四种表达模式:(1)单亲显性表达型,包括P2F1表达(P2F1)和P1F1表达(P1F1);(2)单亲沉默表达型,包括仅P1表达(P1)和仅P2表达(P2);(3)杂种上调表达型,即仅F1表达(F1);(4)杂种下调表达型,即仅P1P2表达(P1P2)。

维生素C前体2-酮基-L-古龙酸二步混菌发酵研究新进展

维生素C(Vc)二步混菌发酵是我国首创具有自主知识产权的唯一应用于工业化生产Vc的微生物转化方法,该方法利用混合菌发酵L-山梨糖生产Vc前体物质-2-酮基-L-古龙酸,再经化学转化合成Vc;具有简化工艺,减少污染,降低能耗等优点。本文主要从产酸菌代谢关键酶、伴生菌胞外物质、组学以及外源添加物等方面综述Vc二步混菌发酵的最新研究进展,并提出进一步研究和探索的方向。