Research funding and citations in papers of Nobel Laureates in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine, 2019-2020

Purpose:The goal of this study is a comparative analysis of the relation between funding(a main driver for scientific research)and citations in papers of Nobel Laureates in physics,chemistry and medicine over 2019-2020 and the same relation in these research fields as a whole.Design/methodology/approach:This study utilizes a power law model to explore the relationship between research funding and citations of related papers.The study here analyzes 3,539 recorded documents by Nobel Laureates in physics,chemistry and medicine and a broader dataset of 183,016 documents related to the fields of physics,medicine,and chemistry recorded in the Web of Science database.Findings:Results reveal that in chemistry and medicine,funded researches published in papers of Nobel Laureates have higher citations than unfunded studies published in articles;vice versa high citations of Nobel Laureates in physics are for unfunded studies published in papers.Instead,when overall data of publications and citations in physics,chemistry and medicine are analyzed,all papers based on funded researches show higher citations than unfunded ones.Originality/value:Results clarify the driving role of research funding for science diffusion that are systematized in general properties:a)articles concerning funded researches receive more citations than(un)funded studies published in papers of physics,chemistry and medicine sciences,generating a high Matthew effect(a higher growth of citations with the increase in the number of papers);b)research funding increases the citations of articles in fields oriented to applied research(e.g.,chemistry and medicine)more than fields oriented towards basic research(e.g.,physics).Practical implications:The results here explain some characteristics of scientific development and diffusion,highlighting the critical role of research funding in fostering citations and the expansion of scientific knowledge.This finding can support decision-making of policymakers and R&D managers to improve the effectiveness in allocating financial resources in science policies to generate a higher positive scientific and societal impact.

General laws of funding for scientific citations:how citations change in funded and unfunded research between basic and applied sciences

Purpose:The goal of this study is to analyze the relationship between funded and unfunded papers and their citations in both basic and applied sciences.Design/methodology/approach:A power law model analyzes the relationship between research funding and citations of papers using 831,337 documents recorded in the Web of Science database.Findings:The original results reveal general characteristics of the diffusion of science in research fields:a)Funded articles receive higher citations compared to unfunded papers in journals;b)Funded articles exhibit a super-linear growth in citations,surpassing the increase seen in unfunded articles.This finding reveals a higher diffusion of scientific knowledge in funded articles.Moreover,c)funded articles in both basic and applied sciences demonstrate a similar expected change in citations,equivalent to about 1.23%,when the number of funded papers increases by 1%in journals.This result suggests,for the first time,that funding effect of scientific research is an invariant driver,irrespective of the nature of the basic or applied sciences.Originality/value:This evidence suggests empirical laws of funding for scientific citations that explain the importance of robust funding mechanisms for achieving impactful research outcomes in science and society.These findings here also highlight that funding for scientific research is a critical driving force in supporting citations and the dissemination of scientific knowledge in recorded documents in both basic and applied sciences.Practical implications:This comprehensive result provides a holistic view of the relationship between funding and citation performance in science to guide policymakers and R&D managers with science policies by directing funding to research in promoting the scientific development and higher diffusion of results for the progress of human society.

Unequal Distribution of Innovation Efforts for Neglected Tropical Diseases: The Role of Funding Evaluation Criteria

Background: International research and innovation efforts for neglected tropical diseases have increased in recent decades due to disparities in overall health research funding in relation to global burden of disease. However, within the field of neglected tropical diseases some seem far more neglected than others. In this research the aim is to investigate the distribution of resources and efforts, as well as the mechanisms that underpin funding allocation for neglected tropical diseases. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted to establish a comprehensive overview of known indicators for innovation efforts related to a wide range of neglected tropical diseases. Articles were selected based on a subjective evaluation of their relevance, the presence of original data, and the breadth of their scope. This was followed by thirteen in-depth open-ended interviews with representatives of private, public and philanthropic funding organizations, concerning evaluation criteria for funding research proposals. Results: The findings reveal a large difference in the extent to which the individual diseases are neglected with notable differences between absolute and relative efforts. Criteria used in the evaluation of research proposals relate to potential impact, the probability of success and strategic fit. Private organizations prioritize strategic fit and economic impact;philanthropic organizations prioritize short-term societal impact;and public generally prioritize the probability of success by accounting for follow-up funding and involvement of industry. Funding decisions of different types of organizations are highly interrelated. Conclusions: This study shows that the evaluation of funding proposals introduces and retains unequal funding distribution, reinforcing the relative neglect of diseases. Societal impact is the primary rationale for funding but application of it as a funding criterion is associated with significant challenges. Furthermore, current application of evaluation criteria leads to a primary focus on short-term impact. Through current practice, the relatively most neglected diseases will remain so, and a long-term strategy is needed to resolve this.

Analysis of standardization of community security fund management-Taking practice of community security fund management in Wuhou district of Chengdu as an example

The Chengdu community security funds refer to the special security funds for urban and rural community development and governance in Chengdu.At present,there are some problems in the use of community security funds,such as low participation of residents,and low efficiency of fund use.Taking the exploration of standardization of community security fund management in Wuhou district,Chengdu city,as an example,this paper suggests further strengthening the use and management of community security funds by means of standardization,ensuring the democratic,open,and transparent use of funds,and effectively enhancing the supporting role of community security funds in community governance.

Patients Involved in Funding Research.A Look Back at the Unique Experience of the ECLAIR Working Group of Canceropole CLARA

This article aims to share an innovative experience of organizing and funding research involving those most directly affected:patients.The“ECLAIR”working group of the Canceropole Lyon Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes(CLARA)was created at the end of 2020 with the goal of contributing to the development of a call for projects on the patient experience in oncology,which was launched in January 2021.Initially composed of 8 members,including 7 patients,coordinated by a project manager from CLARA,the ECLAIR working group actively participated in drafting the specifications of the call for projects,developing the eligibility criteria for applications,revising the evaluation and selection criteria for projects,and monitoring the selected projects.This experience was repeated twice.With significant freedom of action,the working group made two decisions that strongly demonstrate the commitment to supporting research partnerships and the active involvement of those affected:firstly,by making partnership a mandatory requirement for the eligibility of applications,and secondly,by conducting the selection of projects themselves,after an independent scientific evaluation phase.Seeking to shed light on the“black box”of partnership,the article also presents the concrete modalities of interaction among the working group members,the adjustments made between different editions of the call for projects,and the relationships maintained with CLARA.

The relation between funding by the National Institutes of Health and the burden of disease

Background:The Institute of Medicine has proposed that the amount of disease-specific research funding provided by the National Institutes of Health(NIH)be systematically and consistently compared with the burden of disease for society.Methods:We performed a cross-sectional study comparing estimates of disease-specific funding in 1996 with data on six measures of the burden of disease.

The relation between funding by the National Institutes of Health and the burden of disease

Background:The Institute of Medicine has proposed that the amount of disease-specific research funding provided by the National Institutes of Health(NIH)be systematically and consistently compared with the burden of disease for society.Methods:We performed a cross-sectional study comparing estimates of disease-specific funding in 1996 with data on six measures of the burden of disease.The measures were total mortality,years of life lost,and number of hospital days in 1994 and incidence,prevalence,and disability-adjusted life-years(one disability-adjusted life-year is defined as the loss of one year of healthy life to disease)in 1990.With the use of these measures as explanatory variables in a regression analysis,predicted funding was calculated and compared with actual funding.

Strategies for Cultivating Public Funded Targeted Normal Students Based on Goal Management Theory : A Case Study of East, West and North Guangdong

Public funded targeted normal students are an important component of China's teacher team construction.Since its implementation in 2007,a large number of outstanding rural teachers who have been striving on the front line of education have been trained.Based on the theory of goal management,this paper explores the problems and countermeasures in the training of public funded targeted normal students.It strives to solve the problems of low willingness to teach and high default rates among public funded normal students,and hopes that the suggestions proposed in this paper can further promote the effective implementation of policies for public funded normal students.

The Scale and Structure of Funding Expenditures for China’s Firstclass Universities

Adequate funding is identified as a crucial factor in ensuring the success of these universities,impacting talent cultivation,scientific research,and social services.Since the 1990s,China has launched several key projects to enhance the development of its first universities and aimed at elevating these institutions to world-class status.Using data from 34 first-class universities in China from 2014 to 2022,this study analyzes the characteristics and differences in expenditure.It employs an independent sample t-test model to compare the C9 League universities with other first-class universities.The findings reveal significant gaps in total expenditure and varying priorities in expenditure categories,with education being the dominant expenditure item.The study concludes with suggestions for optimizing the efficiency of fund utilization to support the development of world-class universities in China.

Research on the Influence of Government R&D Funding and Enterprise R&D Investment on the Innovation Efficiency of Pharmaceutical Industry

Objective To study the effect of government R&D funding and enterprise R&D input on innovation efficiency of China’s pharmaceutical industry.Methods Based on the inter-provincial panel data of China’s pharmaceutical industry from 2009 to 2019,the stochastic frontier analysis method was used to study the influence of government R&D funding and enterprise R&D input on the innovation efficiency.Results and Conclusion With 1%increase in government R&D funding,the innovation efficiency of enterprises will increase by 0.122%.When R&D investment increases by 1%,innovation efficiency will increase by 0.169%.Both government R&D funding and enterprise R&D investment promote the innovation efficiency of pharmaceutical enterprises,but the increase of enterprise R&D investment contributes more to the improvement of pharmaceutical innovation efficiency.

“1234”高校发展型资助育人模式的构建

高校发展型资助育人对深入贯彻党的教育方针、推进教育公平具有重要意义。构建了“1234”高校发展型资助育人模式,从加强党的领导,建立和完善高校发展型资助育人工作队伍建设机制和一体化工作机制,树立资助育人的“发展型、造血型、情感关怀”工作理念,学生、学校、家庭和社会四方合力四个途径入手,实现“保障型资助”向“发展型资助”转化,增强家庭经济困难学生的可持续发展能力与综合素质,提升高校人才培养质量。

医院科研管理系统设计与实现

目的:适应医院科研业务的庞大规模和复杂需求,设计并建立一套医院科研管理系统,推动数据共享和业务联动,改善用户体验。方法:开发一个包含项目管理、经费管理和成果管理等模块的医院科研管理系统,将业务流程电子化。利用大数据治理技术和移动互联网技术,分别构建论文网推和移动科研模块。通过接口或中间库实现与医院资源规划(HRP)系统及其他科研平台的对接。结果:医院科研管理系统显著提高了科研项目和经费管理的效率,缩短了科研人员处理事务性业务的时间,改善了用户体验。通过系统对接,实现了跨部门、跨系统的数据共享和业务协同。结论:医院科研管理系统的建设不仅可满足日常科研业务管理需求,还推动了医院科研管理的创新探索。

政府投资基金的运行成效与改革展望

作为一类偏重市场化运转的新型政府投融资工具,政府投资基金通过支持战略性新兴产业和关键技术领域,推动了中国产业链的升级和区域经济的协调发展。然而,由于其兼具政策性和市场化的双重属性,政府投资基金在实际运作中面临诸多挑战,包括政策目标与市场机制之间的冲突、对民间资本的“挤出效应”、对产能过剩的潜在助推作用、缺乏容错机制以及绩效评价体系不完善等问题。按照二十届三中全会提出的“更好发挥政府投资基金作用”的改革要求,未来应通过确保政府投资基金与经济需求相契合、避免挤占社会资本、强化对新增有效投资的撬动作用、建立容错机制和科学的绩效评价体系、辅以前瞻性市场研究并加强审计与治理能力等手段,进一步提升政府投资基金的运作效率,确保其在推动国家经济高质量发展中的长效作用。

金融让利、收入增长与消费促进

文章将金融机构部门让利的分阶段影响效应测算与资金流量分析方法相结合,设计构造涵盖“收入形成—收入分配—收入使用”全过程的经济影响动态传导分析模型系统。利用2022年国民收入流量核算实际数据,全面测算“金融机构部门让利”这一政策导向下宏观经济运行各机构部门在收入分配与使用环节受到的影响,系统展示金融让利的宏观波及效应。结果显示,金融让利有显著的投资促进效果,能拉动机构部门可支配收入增长,进而促进消费需求规模的扩张,对于我国新内需体系的构建有积极影响。

智能时代提升全民数字素养的理论和实践研究

文章在回顾数字素养相关研究成果基础上,阐述国家社会科学基金重大项目“智能时代提升全民数字素养的理论和实践研究”的主要研究内容,包括数字素养的内涵演进与实践进展、提升障碍与影响因素识别、标准框架重构与评测系统设计、培育体系与机制构建、提升路径与方案设计,进而介绍课题采用的研究方法,并指出影响因素识别、标准框架重构、评测系统设计等方面的重点难点问题,以及在知识、理论、方法与应用方面的创新之处。

强化政府投资基金绩效管理以耐心资本助力新质生产力发展

政府投资基金因拥有稳定的资金来源、明确的投资框架、长久的投资周期等优势,完美契合了耐心资本的投资需求,成为耐心资本市场的“压舱石”,在解决科创企业“缺长钱”与“无米下锅”瓶颈问题,培育发展新质生产力、服务实体经济保驾护航等方面作用显著。但由于政府资本与社会资本投资目标不一致,政府参与方与基金运营者决策权力不协调,市场化运作投资风险高与国有资产保值增值要求相矛盾,产生一些问题:部分政府投资基金存在偏离基金定位,政策引导与市场化运作结合不佳;政府干预过多,基金运营积极性不足;基金募资缓慢、资金大量沉淀,投资效益不及预期;激励约束、容错免责机制不健全,退出渠道不畅,财政资金回收风险高。因此,需大力强化政府投资基金预算绩效管理,提升政府投资基金使用效益,充分发挥耐心资本的压舱石作用,以为培育发展新质生产力提供有力支撑。

学术“全评价”视域下中国特色哲学社会科学评价体系建设的问题与思路

文章立足于我国哲学社会科学研究现状和国内外评价实践,分析学术“全评价”视域下中国特色哲学社会科学评价体系的建设意义,从评价体系的需求定位、理论框架、体系构建、实证分析、元评价与推广应用、数据服务平台构建等方面阐述其主要内容及相应实施思路,并指出评价体系建设的关键问题、重点难点和创新之处。

基于语义加权网络的重点领域科学基金资助态势识别研究

[目的/意义]科学基金制度是各国(地区)提升科学研究水平的重要方式,准确识别科学基金的资助方向和资助成效是感知科技发展态势的关键。[方法/过程]为识别科学基金资助态势,在提出关键短语抽取规则后,利用语义相似度消除同、近义词的歧义影响,利用动态滑动窗口和语义相似度构建语义加权的词共现网络,并基于社团划分方法识别基金主题。在集成电路领域比较1812项中国国家自然科学基金和2807项美国国家科学基金的资助主题分布、资助力度变化和资助效果,该方法能够准确识别基金主题分布和资助成效。[结果/结论]中国国家自然科学基金和美国国家科学基金均涵盖了集成电路领域的主要研究主题,在重点资助方向和资助力度上有较大差异;中国国家自然科学基金资助的论文平均被引频次相对较低,受资助机构相对单一。

母基金参股与风险投资机构退出表现

本文选取2002—2021年中国风险投资市场的基金信息和投资事件,探讨私募股权母基金参股对风险投资机构退出表现的影响。研究发现:(1)母基金参股提高了风投机构成功退出的可能性;(2)对于民营风投机构以及风投和创业企业非同城的情况,母基金能发挥更好的作用;(3)母基金具备筛选能力与加强能力,一方面倾向于选择参股知识多样化水平高和声誉水平高的风投机构,另一方面可以加强风投机构的增值效应,从而提升风投机构的退出表现;(4)在排除筛选能力的影响后,母基金依然可以提升风投机构的退出表现,进一步验证了母基金的加强能力。本文为私募股权母基金、风投机构退出表现研究提供了新的视角,为母基金管理、风投机构实践、监管部门政策引导提供了理论依据与经验参考。

The Observation of Trends and Impacts of States Funding on Higher Education in America

The adequacy of state funding for higher education in America is vital to cultivate the qualified workforce and help in developing the state’s economy.With the economy downturn situation,whether the current state funding is adequate to the need of institutions and students is a valuable question to be investigated.This research reviewed the whole trends of state and federal support of the higher education,having analyzed the data of higher education funding for the whole state,for the institution development,and for the students and their families.With the enrollment increasing and the inflation growing,the state fund was dropping.Although states supply a greater part of funding to public universities,most of the state funding goes to community colleges and non-research public institutions.The public research institutions and undergraduate education are important components in higher education,generating changing the development for the entire society.The state should make some adjustments in distributing funding in order to keep up with the most urgent needs of the higher education and ease pressure on the institutions,and ease the financial burden on students and their families.