A chaotic hierarchical encryption/watermark embedding scheme for multi-medical images based on row-column confusion and closed-loop bi-directional diffusion

Security during remote transmission has been an important concern for researchers in recent years.In this paper,a hierarchical encryption multi-image encryption scheme for people with different security levels is designed,and a multiimage encryption(MIE)algorithm with row and column confusion and closed-loop bi-directional diffusion is adopted in the paper.While ensuring secure communication of medical image information,people with different security levels have different levels of decryption keys,and differentiated visual effects can be obtained by using the strong sensitivity of chaotic keys.The highest security level can obtain decrypted images without watermarks,and at the same time,patient information and copyright attribution can be verified by obtaining watermark images.The experimental results show that the scheme is sufficiently secure as an MIE scheme with visualized differences and the encryption and decryption efficiency is significantly improved compared to other works.

Evaluation of hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system in type 1 diabetes in real-world clinical practice:One-year observational study

BACKGROUND In 2016,the Food and Drug Administration approved the first hybrid closed-loop(HCL)insulin delivery system for adults with type 1 diabetes(T1D).There is limited information on the impact of using HCL systems on patient-reported outcomes(PROs)in patients with T1D in real-world clinical practice.In this independent study,we evaluated glycemic parameters and PROs over one year of continuous use of Medtronic’s 670G HCL in real-world clinical practice.AIM To assess the effects of hybrid closed loop system on glycemic control and quality of life in adults with T1D.METHODS We evaluated 71 patients with T1D(mean age:45.5±12.1 years;59%females;body weight:83.8±18.7 kg,body mass index:28.7±5.6 kg/m2,A1C:7.6%±0.8%)who were treated with HCL at Joslin Clinic from 2017 to 2019.We measured A1C and percent of glucose time-in-range(%TIR)at baseline and 12 months.We measured percent time in auto mode(%TiAM)for the last two weeks preceding the final visit and assessed PROs through several validated quality-of-life surveys related to general health and diabetes management.RESULTS At 12 mo,A1C decreased by 0.3%±0.1%(P=0.001)and%TIR increased by 8.1%±2.5%(P=0.002).The average%TiAM was only 64.3%±32.8%and was not associated with A1C,%TIR or PROs.PROs,provided at baseline and at the end of the study,showed that the physical functioning submodule of 36Item Short-Form Health Survey increased significantly by 22.9%(P<0.001).Hypoglycemia fear survey/worry scale decreased significantly by 24.9%(P<0.000);Problem Areas In Diabetes reduced significantly by-17.2%(P=0.002).The emotional burden submodules of dietary diversity score reduced significantly by-44.7%(P=0.001).Furthermore,analysis of Clarke questionnaire showed no increase in awareness of hypoglycemic episodes.WHO-5 showed no improvements in subject’s wellbeing among participants after starting the 670G HCL system.Finally,analysis of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index showed no difference in sleep quality,sleep latency,or duration of sleep from baseline to 12 mo.CONCLUSION The use of HCL in real-world clinical practice for one year was associated with significant improvements in A1C,%TIR,physical functioning,hypoglycemia fear,emotional distress,and emotional burden related to diabetes management.However,these changes were not associated with time in auto mode.

In-flight calibration of the spaceborne fluxgate magnetometer in the Martian magnetosheath

In-flight calibration of the ze ro offset is crucial for ensuring high-precision measure ment of the spaceborne fluxgate magnetomete r.Tianwen-1 is China’s first Mars mission,and its orbiter will re main out of the solar wind for tens of days each year.Previous in-flight calibration methods might not be suitable for this orbiter during such a period.Recently,a new method was proposed by Wang GQ(2022 b),which we refer to as the Wang method Ⅱ for ease of description.Here,we test the performance of this method in the Martian magnetosheath by using magnetic field data measured by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN(MAVEN) spacecraft.We find that the accuracy of the Wang method Ⅱ is affected by the number of magnetic field subinterval events,the eigenvalues of the minimum variance analysis for each event,and the position of the spacecraft in the magnetosheath.The estimated zero offset varies over a period of~27 days and has a 57.3% probability of accuracy within 2.0 nT.After being smoothed with a temporal window of 27 days,the ze ro offset has a 48.4%(99.3%) probability of accuracy within 1.0(2.0) nT.Our tests suggest that the Wang method Ⅱ provides an option for the Tianwen-1 orbiter to perform in-flight calibration when the orbiter remains out of the solar wind for an extended pe riod of time.

A compact and closed-loop spin-exchange relaxation-free atomic magnetometer for wearable magnetoencephalography

Atomic magnetometers operated in the spin-exchange relaxation-free(SERF)regime are the promising sensor to replace superconducting quantum interference devices(SQUIDs)in the biomagnetism field.The SERF magnetometer with compact size and good performance is crucial to the new generation of wearable magnetoencephalography(MEG)system.In this paper,we developed a compact and closed-loop SERF magnetometer with the dimensions of 15.0×22.0×30.0 mm^(3)based on a single-beam configuration.The bandwidth of the magnetometer was extended to 675 Hz while the sensitivity was maintained at 22 f T/Hz^(1/2).A nearly 3-fold enhancement of the bandwidth was obtained in comparison with the open-loop control.The implementation of the closed-loop control also greatly improved the dynamic range,enabling the magnetometer to be robust against the disturbance of the ambient field.Moreover,the magnetometer was successfully applied for the detection of humanα-rhythm and auditory evoked fields(AEFs),which demonstrated the potential to be extended to multi-channel MEG measurements for future neuroscience studies.

Subspace Identification for Closed-Loop Systems With Unknown Deterministic Disturbances

This paper presents a subspace identification method for closed-loop systems with unknown deterministic disturbances.To deal with the unknown deterministic disturbances,two strategies are implemented to construct the row space that can be used to approximately represent the unknown deterministic disturbances using the trigonometric functions or Bernstein polynomials depending on whether the disturbance frequencies are known.For closed-loop identification,CCF-N4SID is extended to the case with unknown deterministic disturbances using the oblique projection.In addition,a proper Bernstein polynomial order can be determined using the Akaike information criterion(AIC)or the Bayesian information criterion(BIC).Numerical simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed identification method for both periodic and aperiodic deterministic disturbances.

Type Synthesis of Fully Decoupled Three Translational Parallel Mechanism with Closed-Loop Units and High Stifness

In order to solve the problem of weak stifness of the existing fully decoupled parallel mechanism, a new synthesis method of fully decoupled three translational (3T) parallel mechanisms (PMs) with closed-loop units and high stifness is proposed based on screw theory. Firstly, a new criterion for the full decoupled of PMs is presented that the reciprocal product of the transmission wrench screw matrix and the output twist screw matrix of PMs is a diagonal matrix, and all elements on the main diagonal are nonzero constants. The forms of the transmission wrench screws are determined by the criterion. Secondly, the forms of the actuated and unactuated screws can be obtained according to their relationships with the transmission wrench screws. The basic decoupled limbs are generated by combination of the above actuated and unactuated screws. Finally, a closed-loop units construction method is investigated to apply the decoupled mechanisms in a better way on the high stifness occasion. The closed-loop units are constructed in the basic decoupled limbs to generate a high-stifness fully decoupled 3T PM. Kinematic and stifness analyses show that the Jacobian matrix is a diagonal matrix, and the stifness is obviously higher than that of the coupling mechanisms, which verifes the correctness of the proposed synthesis method. The mechanism synthesized by this method has a good application prospect in vehicle durability test platform.

Closed-Loop System Identification Approach of the Inertial Models

The mathematical model that approximates the dynamics of the industrial process is essential for the efficient synthesis of control algorithms in industrial applications. The model of the process can be obtained according to the identification procedures in the open-loop, or in the closed-loop. In the open-loop, the identification methods are well known and offer good process approximation, which is not valid for the closed-loop identification, when the system provides the feedback output and doesn’t permit it to be identified in the open-loop. This paper offers an approach for experimental identification in the closed-loop, which supposes the approximation of the process with inertial models, with or without time delay and astatism. The coefficients are calculated based on the values of the critical transfer coefficient and period of the underdamped response of the closed-loop system with P controller, when system achieves the limit of stability. Finally, the closed-loop identification was verified by the computer simulation and the obtained results demonstrated, that the identification procedure in the closed-loop offers good results in process of estimation of the model of the process.

子午工程二期自动磁通门经纬仪

地磁台站观测有相对记录和绝对观测2种,相对记录数据需经基线值改正后方可得到地磁场要素的实际值.磁通门经纬仪是获取基线值的基本设备之一,在地磁观测中发挥着重要作用.目前台站采用的磁通门经纬仪需人工操作,人为因素会对观测数据质量产生影响,因在偏远地区和环境恶劣地区无法实现地磁绝对观测,造成地磁绝对观测的空间覆盖空白.子午工程二期将在我国内地地区首次开展自动化磁偏角和磁倾角地磁绝对观测,必将推动地磁绝对观测技术创新与发展.自动磁通门经纬仪是我国自主研发的磁偏角和磁倾角自动化观测设备,采用无磁材料和压电电机,通过优化设计与改进加工工艺,以及引入多参量误差补偿算法,有效克服和消除了系统误差,提高了测量精度.该设备在河北涉县台、吉林合隆台、陕西乾陵台和北京白家疃台等台站开展了长时间的实际观测,并与台站的人工磁通门经纬仪观测结果进行了对比.结果表明,自动磁通门经纬仪的主要性能指标达到了人工磁通门经纬仪水平.该设备也通过了中国地震局前兆设备入网测试,功能和性能指标符合地磁台站地磁绝对观测要求.

大动态范围磁通门磁力仪及其在定向误差校正中的应用

仪器定向误差会影响地磁矢量观测数据的准确性,现有的校正方法需要已知地磁场模量或参考标准仪器,且难以应用在井下和海洋等无法手动安装调整仪器的情况。本文提出了大动态磁通门磁力仪和在此基础上的欧拉旋转变换的矢量校正方法。该方法可在无需参考标准仪器的情况下,获得磁通门的定向角度误差并进行自校正测量。在地磁观测台站进行了实验,结果表明,当实验仪器定向误差分别设置为4个不同象限区间的大角度时,校正后与台站比测仪器对应分量的相关系数仍达到0.99以上,B-A图中置信区间长度减小了86%以上,RMS误差降低至15%以下,论证了该校正方法的有效性,能够提高地磁台站的观测数据质量,并为井下和海洋地磁观测的定向提供参考解决方案。

基于数字检测的磁通门电流传感器

传统的自激式磁通门电流传感器通常基于平均电流法测量电流,结构复杂且测量带宽和响应时间均受滤波器截止频率的限制。文中基于占空比采样的数字检测法设计了一款面向复杂漏电流测量的传感器,使用单片机直接测量激磁信号占空比,并通过数字算法完成信号的解调与处理。文中的传感器采用开环设计,节省了滤波电路与AD转换器,降低了成本。实验表明:该传感器的带宽和响应时间性能均优于基于平均电流法的传感器。

长距离模拟差分输出测磁阵列关键技术研究

为了科学评价舰船磁隐身的效果,首先设计和研制宽频带、模拟差分输出的磁通门传感器,其次研制低噪声多通道采集系统,而后分析传输电缆参数对传感器输出信号的影响,最后构建以8个磁通门传感器为基本单元的测磁系统,并在实验室和野外环境条件下进行了试验验证。结果表明,研制的磁场测量系统性能可靠,可实现2 000 m电缆条件下1 000 Hz频带以下信号的准确采集,在1 000 Hz频点处的误差值小于3%;1 000 m电缆条件下,连续180 h测量数据结果表明,8个磁通门传感器的模值偏差不大于20 nT。

Conventional Geothermal Systems and Unconventional Geothermal Developments: An Overview

This paper provides an overview of conventional geothermal systems and unconventional geothermal developments as a common reference is needed for discussions between energy professionals. Conventional geothermal systems have the heat, permeability and fluid, requiring only drilling down to °C, normal heat flow or decaying radiogenic granite as heat sources, and used in district heating. Medium-temperature (MT) 100°C - 190°C, and high-temperature (HT) 190°C - 374°C resources are mostly at plate boundaries, with volcanic intrusive heat source, used mostly for electricity generation. Single well capacities are °C - 500°C) and a range of depths (1 m to 20 Km), but lack permeability or fluid, thus requiring stimulations for heat extraction by conduction. HVAC is 1 - 2 m deep and shallow geothermal down to 500 m in wells, both capturing °C, with °C are either advanced by geothermal developers at <7 Km depth (Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS), drilling below brittle-ductile transition zones and under geothermal fields), or by the Oil & Gas industry (Advanced Geothermal Systems, heat recovery from hydrocarbon wells or reservoirs, Superhot Rock Geothermal, and millimeter-wave drilling down to 20 Km). Their primary aim is electricity generation, relying on closed-loops, but EGS uses fractures for heat exchange with earthquake risks during fracking. Unconventional approaches could be everywhere, with shallow geothermal already functional. The deeper and hotter unconventional alternatives are still experimental, overcoming costs and technological challenges to become fully commercial. Meanwhile, the conventional geothermal resources remain the most proven opportunities for investments and development.

基于空间的三维线圈磁场强度研究

针对通电线圈产生空间磁场的强度大小不确定,难以对此进行更好的磁通信等问题,论文采用Maxwell和Matlab软件仿真验证空间中不同位置的磁感应强度来进行更好的磁通信。磁通信的三维线圈是一种将电能转化为磁场能量进行无线电能传输的装置,由多个环形线圈组成,每个线圈都被称为一个“匝”,并且它们是相互嵌套的。在工作时,磁通信的三维线圈会通过交变电流在线圈中产生磁场,然后将这个磁场传输到接收器中,接收器通过感应产生的电压将磁场能量转化为电能,采用棱边单元法对发射线圈进行了求解分析,并得出了发射线圈磁场强度的分布情况。研究分析了线圈直径、线圈匝数和线圈匝间距等设计参数对磁场强度的影响,并提出了优化感应线圈的理论依据。

Robot-Oriented 6G Satellite-UAV Networks: Requirements, Paradigm Shifts, and Case Studies

Networked robots can perceive their surroundings, interact with each other or humans,and make decisions to accomplish specified tasks in remote/hazardous/complex environments. Satelliteunmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) networks can support such robots by providing on-demand communication services. However, under traditional open-loop communication paradigm, the network resources are usually divided into user-wise mostly-independent links,via ignoring the task-level dependency of robot collaboration. Thus, it is imperative to develop a new communication paradigm, taking into account the highlevel content and values behind, to facilitate multirobot operation. Inspired by Wiener’s Cybernetics theory, this article explores a closed-loop communication paradigm for the robot-oriented satellite-UAV network. This paradigm turns to handle group-wise structured links, so as to allocate resources in a taskoriented manner. It could also exploit the mobility of robots to liberate the network from full coverage,enabling new orchestration between network serving and positive mobility control of robots. Moreover,the integration of sensing, communications, computing and control would enlarge the benefit of this new paradigm. We present a case study for joint mobile edge computing(MEC) offloading and mobility control of robots, and finally outline potential challenges and open issues.

A real-time intelligent lithology identification method based on a dynamic felling strategy weighted random forest algorithm

Real-time intelligent lithology identification while drilling is vital to realizing downhole closed-loop drilling. The complex and changeable geological environment in the drilling makes lithology identification face many challenges. This paper studies the problems of difficult feature information extraction,low precision of thin-layer identification and limited applicability of the model in intelligent lithologic identification. The author tries to improve the comprehensive performance of the lithology identification model from three aspects: data feature extraction, class balance, and model design. A new real-time intelligent lithology identification model of dynamic felling strategy weighted random forest algorithm(DFW-RF) is proposed. According to the feature selection results, gamma ray and 2 MHz phase resistivity are the logging while drilling(LWD) parameters that significantly influence lithology identification. The comprehensive performance of the DFW-RF lithology identification model has been verified in the application of 3 wells in different areas. By comparing the prediction results of five typical lithology identification algorithms, the DFW-RF model has a higher lithology identification accuracy rate and F1 score. This model improves the identification accuracy of thin-layer lithology and is effective and feasible in different geological environments. The DFW-RF model plays a truly efficient role in the realtime intelligent identification of lithologic information in closed-loop drilling and has greater applicability, which is worthy of being widely used in logging interpretation.

A novel closed-loop vacuum silicon microgyroscope

A novel closed-loop control strategy of a silicon microgyroscope （SMG） is proposed. The SMG is sealed in metal can package in drive and sense modes and works under the air pressure of 10 Pa. Its quality factor reaches greater than l0 000. Self-oscillating and closed-loop methods based on electrostatic force feedback are adopted in both measure and control circuits. Both single side driving and sensing methods are used to simplify the drive circuit. These dual channel decomposition and reconstruction closed loops are applied in sense modes. The testing results demonstrate that useful signals and guadrature signals do not interact with each other because of the decoupling of their phases. Under the condition of a scale factor of 9. 6 mV/（（°） .s）, in a full measurement range of±300 （°）/s, the zero bias stability reaches 28 （°）/h with a nonlinear coefficient of 400 × 10^-6 and a simulated bandwidth of more than 100 Hz. The overall performance is improved by two orders of magnitude in comparison to that at atmospheric pressure.

Improvement of the nutritional support management system for patients in intensive care units

BACKGROUND Nutritional support for patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit(ICU)is an important part of clinical treatment and care,but there are significant implementation difficulties.AIM To introduce a modified nutritional support management system for ICU patients based on closed-loop information management and psychological counseling.METHODS The division of functions,personnel training,system construction,development of an intelligent decision-making software system,quality control,and improvement of the whole process were carried out to systematically manage nutritional support for ICU patients.RESULTS Following the implementation of the whole process management system,the scores of ICU medical staff’s knowledge,attitudes/beliefs,and practices regarding nutritional support were comprehensively enhanced.The proportion of hospital bed-days of total enteral nutrition(EN)in ICU patients increased from 5.58%to 11.46%,and the proportion of EN plus parenteral nutrition increased from 42.71%to 47.07%.The rate of EN initiation within 48 h of ICU admission increased from 37.50%to 48.28%,and the EN compliance rate within 72 h elevated from 20.59%to 31.72%.After the implementation of the project,the Self-rating Anxiety Scale score decreased from 61.07±9.91 points to 52.03±9.02 points,the Self-rating Depression Scale score reduced from 62.47±10.50 points to 56.34±9.83 points,and the ICU stay decreased from 5.76±2.77 d to 5.10±2.12 d.CONCLUSION The nutritional support management system based on closed-loop information management and psychological counseling achieved remarkable results in clinical applications in ICU patients.

Chemically Mediated Interactions between Grapevine, Aphid, Ladybird, and Ant in the Context of Insect Chemical Ecology

This study simplifies the complex relationship among grapevine plants,aphids,ladybirds,and ants,which is essential for effective pest management and ecological balance.This study investigated the impact of aphid attacks and the presence of ants and ladybirds on the volatile compounds profile released into the chemosphere of the community consisting of the common vine Vitis vinifera,the aphid Aphis illinoisensis,the ladybird Cocci-nella undecimpunctata-and the ant Tapinoma magnum.This study aims to analyze the volatile compounds emitted by the grapevine and surrounding insects in response to these intricate interactions.The extraction of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)was carried out using closed-loop stripping(CLS)and then analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and principles coordinated analysis(PCA)was performed.The grapevine was exposed to different types and order of treatments,including non-infested,aphid-infested,aphid-infested with ant,aphid-infested with ladybird,and various combinations of ant and ladybird.After the aphid attack,the outcomes uncovered massive alterations in the volatile compound profiles.Infested grapevine displayed distinct emissions of germacrene D,an alcohol,and an alkene compared to non-infested plants.The characteristic VOC profile was the share of infested grapes in the presence of ants,with benzene derivatives and sesquiterpenes dominating the components.The coexistence of ladybirds with ants and aphids resulted in a dif-ferent volatile profile characterized by elevated levels of aldehydes,ketones,α-farnesene,and its hydroxy deriva-tive.It was concluded that the emission of VOCs into the chemosphere of the grapevine communities varied qualitatively and quantitatively depending on the level of the relationship complexity within each community in response to the infestation of grapevines by aphids,the presence of ladybirds as natural predators,and the presence of ant as protector.The grapevine’s status-dependent compounds can serve as indicators of infestation status and contribute to non-destructive early-stage diagnosis of the aphid.

Review of Field Weakening Control Strategies of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

Due to high power density,high efficiency,and accurate control performance,permanent magnet synchronous motors(PMSMs)have been widely adopted in equipment manufacturing and energy transformation fields.To expand the speed range under finite DC-bus voltage,extensive research on field weakening(FW)control strategies has been conducted.This paper summarizes the major FW control strategies of PMSMs,which are categorized into calculation-based methods,voltage closed-loop control methods,and model predictive control related methods.The existing strategies are analyzed and compared according to performance,robustness,and execution difficulty,which can facilitate the implementation of FW control.

磁通门电子学中的噪声分析与抑制

针对磁通门传感器电子学单元中存在的噪声信号干扰问题,分析了磁通门激励电路中存在的功率器件MOSFET在方波开关信号频率下开通和关断时,引入与检测目标频率相关的噪声信号通过电源地层串扰对感应和反馈信号产生的影响,并提出了一种新型的噪声滤波电路以降低噪声水平。通过电路仿真结果及该降噪电路的实际应用测试结果表明:噪声幅值水平明显降低,该滤波电路能够对噪声信号起到明显的抑制作用,且在感应、反馈信号中与激励频率相关的谐波噪声得到了有效滤除,与高性能磁通门磁测数据相似度由原来的0.918提升至0.986,验证了该降噪电路对磁通门传感器整体磁测水平的提高效果。