Objective To evaluate efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type B (BTX-B) in treatment of movement disorders including blepharospasm, oromandibular dystonia, hemifacial spasm, tremor, tics, and hypersecretory disord...Objective To evaluate efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type B (BTX-B) in treatment of movement disorders including blepharospasm, oromandibular dystonia, hemifacial spasm, tremor, tics, and hypersecretory disorders such as sia-lorrhea and hyperhidrosis. Methods A retrospective study of BTX-B injections in treatment of 58 patients with various neurological disorders was performed. The mean follow-up time was 0.9 ± 0.8 years. Results of the first and last treatment of patients with at least 3 injection sessions were compared. Results The response of 58 patients to a total of 157 BTX-B treatment sessions was analyzed. Of the 157 treatment sessions, 120 sessions (76.4%) resulted in moderate or marked improvement while 17 sessions (10.8%) had no response. The clinical benefits after BTX-B treatment lasted an average of 14 weeks. Of the 41 patients with at least 3 injection ses-sions (mean 10 ± 8.6), most patients needed increased dosage upon the last session compared to the first session. Nineteen patients (32.8%) with 27 sessions (17.2%) reported adverse effects with BTX-B treatment. Conclusions Though most patients require increased dosage to maintain effective response after repeated injections, BTX-B is an effective and safe treatment drug for a variety of movement disorders, as well as drooling and hyperhidrosis.展开更多
Clostridium difficile is a Gram positive rod-shaped bacterium that produces two major toxins, A and B. The detection of the organism and its toxins has been widely carried out using specialized Enzyme-Linked Immunosor...Clostridium difficile is a Gram positive rod-shaped bacterium that produces two major toxins, A and B. The detection of the organism and its toxins has been widely carried out using specialized Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits;however these generally have been unsuccessful in identifying all Clostridium difficile positive samples. In this study, fifteen clinically symptomatic patients from three of the five major regional hospitals in Trinidad were investigated for Clostridium difficile infections. Stool samples were assessed by ELISA and cultured isolates were characterized using agar dilution antibiotic sensitivity assays, conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of toxin A and B genes. All 15 patient stool samples and isolates were positive for toxigenic Clostridium difficile via ELISA and PCR respectively. All isolates were positive for the housekeeping tpi and Toxin B genes by PCR but only three of these were positive for the Toxin A gene. The Toxin B gene sequences showed 100% similarity levels among isolates while the Toxin A gene sequences showed 99% similarity among isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the strains isolated in Trinidad most likely belonged to the same strain/group. Agar dilution sensitivity tests showed highest susceptibility to Pipercillin/Tazobactam and Meropenem (87%) and the highest resistance was seen with Cefotaxime in 93%. These results indicate that similar virulent strains of C. difficile are present in the Trinidad population and that pathogenic strains are more likely to be susceptible to Pipercillin/Tazobactam and Meropenem.展开更多
目的探讨采用B超引导下注射A型肉毒素(botulinumtoxin type A,BTX-A)治疗脑卒中偏瘫后肱二头肌痉挛的可操作性和临床疗效。方法选择18例脑卒中偏瘫后肱二头肌痉挛患者,随机分成两组:治疗组9例,采取在B超下5位点注射技术注射A型肉毒素;...目的探讨采用B超引导下注射A型肉毒素(botulinumtoxin type A,BTX-A)治疗脑卒中偏瘫后肱二头肌痉挛的可操作性和临床疗效。方法选择18例脑卒中偏瘫后肱二头肌痉挛患者,随机分成两组:治疗组9例,采取在B超下5位点注射技术注射A型肉毒素;对照组9例,采取传统"盲打"取5点注射A型肉毒素。每点注射剂量相同。采用改良Ashworth评分观察两组疗效,记录各例患者起效时间。结果治疗组注射21d后改良Ashworth评分、药物平均起效时间均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论采用在B超引导下5位点注射技术注射A型肉毒素治疗脑卒中偏瘫后肱二头肌痉挛,定位准确,可操作性强,临床疗效提高。展开更多
为了对B型产气荚膜梭菌(Clostridium perfringens type B)进行快速检测,依据NCBI登录的产气荚膜梭菌α、β及ε毒素基因序列设计引物,并对其进行PCR扩增。琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果显示3个毒素基因均被成功扩增,目标片段条带清晰,长度与预期...为了对B型产气荚膜梭菌(Clostridium perfringens type B)进行快速检测,依据NCBI登录的产气荚膜梭菌α、β及ε毒素基因序列设计引物,并对其进行PCR扩增。琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果显示3个毒素基因均被成功扩增,目标片段条带清晰,长度与预期相符。展开更多
文摘Objective To evaluate efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type B (BTX-B) in treatment of movement disorders including blepharospasm, oromandibular dystonia, hemifacial spasm, tremor, tics, and hypersecretory disorders such as sia-lorrhea and hyperhidrosis. Methods A retrospective study of BTX-B injections in treatment of 58 patients with various neurological disorders was performed. The mean follow-up time was 0.9 ± 0.8 years. Results of the first and last treatment of patients with at least 3 injection sessions were compared. Results The response of 58 patients to a total of 157 BTX-B treatment sessions was analyzed. Of the 157 treatment sessions, 120 sessions (76.4%) resulted in moderate or marked improvement while 17 sessions (10.8%) had no response. The clinical benefits after BTX-B treatment lasted an average of 14 weeks. Of the 41 patients with at least 3 injection ses-sions (mean 10 ± 8.6), most patients needed increased dosage upon the last session compared to the first session. Nineteen patients (32.8%) with 27 sessions (17.2%) reported adverse effects with BTX-B treatment. Conclusions Though most patients require increased dosage to maintain effective response after repeated injections, BTX-B is an effective and safe treatment drug for a variety of movement disorders, as well as drooling and hyperhidrosis.
文摘Clostridium difficile is a Gram positive rod-shaped bacterium that produces two major toxins, A and B. The detection of the organism and its toxins has been widely carried out using specialized Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits;however these generally have been unsuccessful in identifying all Clostridium difficile positive samples. In this study, fifteen clinically symptomatic patients from three of the five major regional hospitals in Trinidad were investigated for Clostridium difficile infections. Stool samples were assessed by ELISA and cultured isolates were characterized using agar dilution antibiotic sensitivity assays, conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of toxin A and B genes. All 15 patient stool samples and isolates were positive for toxigenic Clostridium difficile via ELISA and PCR respectively. All isolates were positive for the housekeeping tpi and Toxin B genes by PCR but only three of these were positive for the Toxin A gene. The Toxin B gene sequences showed 100% similarity levels among isolates while the Toxin A gene sequences showed 99% similarity among isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the strains isolated in Trinidad most likely belonged to the same strain/group. Agar dilution sensitivity tests showed highest susceptibility to Pipercillin/Tazobactam and Meropenem (87%) and the highest resistance was seen with Cefotaxime in 93%. These results indicate that similar virulent strains of C. difficile are present in the Trinidad population and that pathogenic strains are more likely to be susceptible to Pipercillin/Tazobactam and Meropenem.
文摘目的探讨采用B超引导下注射A型肉毒素(botulinumtoxin type A,BTX-A)治疗脑卒中偏瘫后肱二头肌痉挛的可操作性和临床疗效。方法选择18例脑卒中偏瘫后肱二头肌痉挛患者,随机分成两组:治疗组9例,采取在B超下5位点注射技术注射A型肉毒素;对照组9例,采取传统"盲打"取5点注射A型肉毒素。每点注射剂量相同。采用改良Ashworth评分观察两组疗效,记录各例患者起效时间。结果治疗组注射21d后改良Ashworth评分、药物平均起效时间均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论采用在B超引导下5位点注射技术注射A型肉毒素治疗脑卒中偏瘫后肱二头肌痉挛,定位准确,可操作性强,临床疗效提高。
