The presence or absence of sea ice introduces a substantial perturbation to surface-atmosphere energy exchanges.Comprehending the effect of varying sea ice cover on surface-atmosphere interactions is an important cons...The presence or absence of sea ice introduces a substantial perturbation to surface-atmosphere energy exchanges.Comprehending the effect of varying sea ice cover on surface-atmosphere interactions is an important consideration for understanding the Arctic climate system.The recurring North Water Polynya(NOW)serves as a natural laboratory for isolating cloud responses to a rapid,near-step perturbation in sea ice.In this study,we employed high-resolution Arctic System Reanalysis version 2(ASRv2)data to estimate turbulent heat fluxes over the NOW and nearby sea ice(NSI)area between 2005/2006 and 2015/2016.The results indicate that the average turbulent heat fluxes in the polynya are about 87%and 86%higher than in the NSI area over the 10 years during the entire duration of the polynya and during polar night,respectively.Enhanced turbulent heat fluxes from the polynya tend to produce more low-level clouds.The relationship between the polynya and low cloud in winter was examined based on Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations(CALIPSO).The low-cloud fraction(0-2 km)was about 7%-34%larger over the polynya than the NSI area,and the ice water content below 200 m was about 250%-413%higher over the former than the latter.The correlation between cloud fraction and turbulent heat fluxes in the polynya peaks around the altitude of 200-300 m.These results suggest that the NOW affects the Arctic boundary layer cloudiness and structure in wintertime.Furthermore,higher horizontal resolution reanalysis data can advance our understanding of the cloud-polynya response.展开更多
采用20世纪再分析版本2c数据集的云水量逐月再分析数据,通过数理统计方法,分析了1960~2014年全球、海洋和陆地上空云水量的分布和变化特征及其与水汽通量的关系。结果表明:1)全球云水量空间分布不均,海洋高于陆地且比例约为4﹕3,中低纬...采用20世纪再分析版本2c数据集的云水量逐月再分析数据,通过数理统计方法,分析了1960~2014年全球、海洋和陆地上空云水量的分布和变化特征及其与水汽通量的关系。结果表明:1)全球云水量空间分布不均,海洋高于陆地且比例约为4﹕3,中低纬海洋、陆地上空云水量变化趋势分别为0.07 g m^(−2)(10 a)^(−1)和−0.04 g m^(−2)(10 a)^(−1),季节性差异主要体现于夏季在热带辐合带和南半球海洋高,冬季在北半球海洋和南半球陆地高。2)对比六大洲发现,云水量最高的南美洲有最快增加趋势,为0.46 g m^(−2)(10 a)^(−1),同时云水量最低的非洲有最快降低趋势,为−0.59 g m^(−2)(10 a)^(−1)。3)中低层整层水汽通量散度场的辐合、辐散区和云水量的高、低值区相对应,云水量与水汽通量散度变化呈负相关(相关系数为−0.44),负相关关系在赤道附近的低纬地区显著。本文揭示了在全球变暖背景下,大气中云水量分布和变化的时空格局,为模式参数化和未来气候预估提供参考。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41976214 and 41925027)the Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(311021008).
文摘The presence or absence of sea ice introduces a substantial perturbation to surface-atmosphere energy exchanges.Comprehending the effect of varying sea ice cover on surface-atmosphere interactions is an important consideration for understanding the Arctic climate system.The recurring North Water Polynya(NOW)serves as a natural laboratory for isolating cloud responses to a rapid,near-step perturbation in sea ice.In this study,we employed high-resolution Arctic System Reanalysis version 2(ASRv2)data to estimate turbulent heat fluxes over the NOW and nearby sea ice(NSI)area between 2005/2006 and 2015/2016.The results indicate that the average turbulent heat fluxes in the polynya are about 87%and 86%higher than in the NSI area over the 10 years during the entire duration of the polynya and during polar night,respectively.Enhanced turbulent heat fluxes from the polynya tend to produce more low-level clouds.The relationship between the polynya and low cloud in winter was examined based on Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations(CALIPSO).The low-cloud fraction(0-2 km)was about 7%-34%larger over the polynya than the NSI area,and the ice water content below 200 m was about 250%-413%higher over the former than the latter.The correlation between cloud fraction and turbulent heat fluxes in the polynya peaks around the altitude of 200-300 m.These results suggest that the NOW affects the Arctic boundary layer cloudiness and structure in wintertime.Furthermore,higher horizontal resolution reanalysis data can advance our understanding of the cloud-polynya response.
文摘采用20世纪再分析版本2c数据集的云水量逐月再分析数据,通过数理统计方法,分析了1960~2014年全球、海洋和陆地上空云水量的分布和变化特征及其与水汽通量的关系。结果表明:1)全球云水量空间分布不均,海洋高于陆地且比例约为4﹕3,中低纬海洋、陆地上空云水量变化趋势分别为0.07 g m^(−2)(10 a)^(−1)和−0.04 g m^(−2)(10 a)^(−1),季节性差异主要体现于夏季在热带辐合带和南半球海洋高,冬季在北半球海洋和南半球陆地高。2)对比六大洲发现,云水量最高的南美洲有最快增加趋势,为0.46 g m^(−2)(10 a)^(−1),同时云水量最低的非洲有最快降低趋势,为−0.59 g m^(−2)(10 a)^(−1)。3)中低层整层水汽通量散度场的辐合、辐散区和云水量的高、低值区相对应,云水量与水汽通量散度变化呈负相关(相关系数为−0.44),负相关关系在赤道附近的低纬地区显著。本文揭示了在全球变暖背景下,大气中云水量分布和变化的时空格局,为模式参数化和未来气候预估提供参考。
