OBJECTIVE Cloves(Syzygium aromaticumL.) have been used as both a spice and a traditional Chinese medicinal herb for thousands of years.However,relatively little is known about its potential anticancer activity and mec...OBJECTIVE Cloves(Syzygium aromaticumL.) have been used as both a spice and a traditional Chinese medicinal herb for thousands of years.However,relatively little is known about its potential anticancer activity and mechanisms.In this study,we investigated the in vitro and in vivo anti.tumor effects and mechanisms of water extract of cloves(WEC) against colorectal cancer.METHODS MTS assay and Colony-formation assay were used to detect the anti-tumor activity of WEC on HT-29 cells.The in vivo anti-tumor effect of WEC was detected in a subcutaneous transplantation tumor model of human HT-29 cells.Autophagy was detected by flow cytometry and the expressions of autophagy related proteins(Beclin-1 and LC-3 a/b) were determined by western blot.RESULTS MTS result showed that WEC significantly inhibited the viability of HT-29 cells,with the IC50 values of 150 μg·mL-1.The colonyformation assay showed that the WEC significantly suppressed colon cancer cells proliferation.WEC also exhibited significant antitumor activity in tumor bearing nude mice.Flow cytometry result showed that WEC significantly induced autophagy,and the averaged relative values of fluorescence intensity were206,251,341 and 356 in cells treated with 0,100,150 and 200 μg·mL-1 WEC for 48 h.Western blot result showed that WEC treatment significantly increased Beclin-1 expression and ratios of LC3-II/LC3-I.CONCLUSION These result showed that WEC inhibited the growth of colon tumor both in vitro and in vivo,which might be related with autophagy induction,and WEC has potential to be developed as a novel anticancer agent for the treatment of colon cancer.展开更多
Objective:To investigate three tropical plant materials - clove seeds[Syzygium aromalicum(S. aromaticum)],bitter kola fruits[Garcinia kola(G.kola)]and tobacco leaves(Nicotiana species) as potential targeted killers of...Objective:To investigate three tropical plant materials - clove seeds[Syzygium aromalicum(S. aromaticum)],bitter kola fruits[Garcinia kola(G.kola)]and tobacco leaves(Nicotiana species) as potential targeted killers of Streptococcus mutans(S.mutatis),a cavity-causing bacterium(gram-positive, facultative anaerobe) that resides in a multispecies microbial community(dental plaque) for the treatment of dental caries(tooth decay).Methods:Thirty one(31) teeth samples were collected from patients with obvious signs of tooth decay(swollen gum,weak or fallen tooth,etc.) using sterile swab sticks.These samples were collected from two major denial clinics in Nsukka, Enugu State,Nigeria and investigated by spread inoculation onto sterile blood agar and Mueller Hinton agar(MHA) respectively and incubated at 37℃for 24 h.The discrete colonies obtained were further re-inoculated onto sterile Mitis salivarius agar(MSA) plates and incubated as above. The isolates were characterized by gram staining and calalase lesl.Tobacco leaves,clove seeds and bitter kola fruits were ground into powder,extracted with three different solvents(n-hexane, hot water and ethanol),filtered,dried and stored in clean containers,corked and kept until used. The plant extracts were investigated for phytochemistry,minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC), minimum cidal concentration(MCC)and compared with some conventional antibiotics commonly used against tooth decay.Antibiotic sensitivity test was also carried out.The results were statistically analyzed.Results:The extracts showed varied phytochemical composition but most abundantly the flavonoids.Our result also shows that females(16) have more tooth decay than males(15) and that 16 samples were very bloody while 15 were slightly bloody.The microbial characterization showed that 18 samples were catalase-positive indicating the presence of S. mutans while 13 were catalase-negative suspected to be Staphylococcus spp.The Gram reaction confirmed 13 Gram-negative and 18 Gram-positive organisms.The n-hexane extract had the best antimicrobial activity followed by the ethanol and lastly hot water.MIC showed that n-hexane clove extract had the largest inhibition zone diameter,followed by bitter kola extract and lastly tobacco extract.The antibiotic sensitivity test credited ciprofloxacin the best because it exhibited broad spectrum of action.Conclusions:Since the n-hexane extract of clove seeds demonstrated preferential growth-inhibitory activity against the causal cariogenic pathogens(S.mutans) in dental caries,we therefore,report here that clove extract be henceforth considered as a potential ingredient in toothpaste preparation.展开更多
文摘OBJECTIVE Cloves(Syzygium aromaticumL.) have been used as both a spice and a traditional Chinese medicinal herb for thousands of years.However,relatively little is known about its potential anticancer activity and mechanisms.In this study,we investigated the in vitro and in vivo anti.tumor effects and mechanisms of water extract of cloves(WEC) against colorectal cancer.METHODS MTS assay and Colony-formation assay were used to detect the anti-tumor activity of WEC on HT-29 cells.The in vivo anti-tumor effect of WEC was detected in a subcutaneous transplantation tumor model of human HT-29 cells.Autophagy was detected by flow cytometry and the expressions of autophagy related proteins(Beclin-1 and LC-3 a/b) were determined by western blot.RESULTS MTS result showed that WEC significantly inhibited the viability of HT-29 cells,with the IC50 values of 150 μg·mL-1.The colonyformation assay showed that the WEC significantly suppressed colon cancer cells proliferation.WEC also exhibited significant antitumor activity in tumor bearing nude mice.Flow cytometry result showed that WEC significantly induced autophagy,and the averaged relative values of fluorescence intensity were206,251,341 and 356 in cells treated with 0,100,150 and 200 μg·mL-1 WEC for 48 h.Western blot result showed that WEC treatment significantly increased Beclin-1 expression and ratios of LC3-II/LC3-I.CONCLUSION These result showed that WEC inhibited the growth of colon tumor both in vitro and in vivo,which might be related with autophagy induction,and WEC has potential to be developed as a novel anticancer agent for the treatment of colon cancer.
文摘Objective:To investigate three tropical plant materials - clove seeds[Syzygium aromalicum(S. aromaticum)],bitter kola fruits[Garcinia kola(G.kola)]and tobacco leaves(Nicotiana species) as potential targeted killers of Streptococcus mutans(S.mutatis),a cavity-causing bacterium(gram-positive, facultative anaerobe) that resides in a multispecies microbial community(dental plaque) for the treatment of dental caries(tooth decay).Methods:Thirty one(31) teeth samples were collected from patients with obvious signs of tooth decay(swollen gum,weak or fallen tooth,etc.) using sterile swab sticks.These samples were collected from two major denial clinics in Nsukka, Enugu State,Nigeria and investigated by spread inoculation onto sterile blood agar and Mueller Hinton agar(MHA) respectively and incubated at 37℃for 24 h.The discrete colonies obtained were further re-inoculated onto sterile Mitis salivarius agar(MSA) plates and incubated as above. The isolates were characterized by gram staining and calalase lesl.Tobacco leaves,clove seeds and bitter kola fruits were ground into powder,extracted with three different solvents(n-hexane, hot water and ethanol),filtered,dried and stored in clean containers,corked and kept until used. The plant extracts were investigated for phytochemistry,minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC), minimum cidal concentration(MCC)and compared with some conventional antibiotics commonly used against tooth decay.Antibiotic sensitivity test was also carried out.The results were statistically analyzed.Results:The extracts showed varied phytochemical composition but most abundantly the flavonoids.Our result also shows that females(16) have more tooth decay than males(15) and that 16 samples were very bloody while 15 were slightly bloody.The microbial characterization showed that 18 samples were catalase-positive indicating the presence of S. mutans while 13 were catalase-negative suspected to be Staphylococcus spp.The Gram reaction confirmed 13 Gram-negative and 18 Gram-positive organisms.The n-hexane extract had the best antimicrobial activity followed by the ethanol and lastly hot water.MIC showed that n-hexane clove extract had the largest inhibition zone diameter,followed by bitter kola extract and lastly tobacco extract.The antibiotic sensitivity test credited ciprofloxacin the best because it exhibited broad spectrum of action.Conclusions:Since the n-hexane extract of clove seeds demonstrated preferential growth-inhibitory activity against the causal cariogenic pathogens(S.mutans) in dental caries,we therefore,report here that clove extract be henceforth considered as a potential ingredient in toothpaste preparation.
