Identify the signature genes for diagnose of uveal melanoma by weight gene co-expression network analysis

AIM: To identify and understand the relationship between co-expression pattern and clinic traits in uveal melanoma, weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA) is applied to investigate the gene expression levels and patient clinic features. Uveal melanoma is the most common primary eye tumor in adults. Although many studies have identified some important genes and pathways that were relevant to progress of uveal melanoma, the relationship between co-expression and clinic traits in systems level of uveal melanoma is unclear yet. We employ WGCNA to investigate the relationship underlying molecular and phenotype in this study.METHODS: Gene expression profile of uveal melanoma and patient clinic traits were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO) database. The gene co-expression is calculated by WGCNA that is the R package software. The package is used to analyze the correlation between pairs of expression levels of genes.The function of the genes were annotated by gene ontology(GO).RESULTS: In this study, we identified four co-expression modules significantly correlated with clinictraits. Module blue positively correlated with radiotherapy treatment. Module purple positively correlates with tumor location(sclera) and negatively correlates with patient age. Module red positively correlates with sclera and negatively correlates with thickness of tumor. Module black positively correlates with the largest tumor diameter(LTD). Additionally, we identified the hug gene(top connectivity with other genes) in each module. The hub gene RPS15 A, PTGDS, CD53 and MSI2 might play a vital role in progress of uveal melanoma.CONCLUSION: From WGCNA analysis and hub gene calculation, we identified RPS15 A, PTGDS, CD53 and MSI2 might be target or diagnosis for uveal melanoma.

Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis of Gene Modules for the Prognosis of Esophageal Cancer

Esophageal cancer is a common malignant tumor, whose pathogenesis and prognosis factors are not fully understood. This study aimed to discover the gene clusters that have similar functions and can be used to predict the prognosis of esophageal cancer. The matched microarray and RNA sequencing data of 185 patients with esophageal cancer were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA), and gene co-expression networks were built without distinguishing between squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. The result showed that 12 modules were associated with one or more survival data such as recurrence status, recurrence time, vital status or vital time. Furthermore, survival analysis showed that 5 out of the 12 modules were related to progression-free survival(PFS) or overall survival(OS). As the most important module, the midnight blue module with 82 genes was related to PFS, apart from the patient age, tumor grade, primary treatment success, and duration of smoking and tumor histological type. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that 'glycoprotein binding' was the top enriched function of midnight blue module genes. Additionally, the blue module was the exclusive gene clusters related to OS. Platelet activating factor receptor(PTAFR) and feline Gardner-Rasheed(FGR) were the top hub genes in both modeling datasets and the STRING protein interaction database. In conclusion, our study provides novel insights into the prognosis-associated genes and screens out candidate biomarkers for esophageal cancer.

Genetic Differentiation Analyses Based on mtDNA COⅡ Gene Sequences Among Different Geographic Populations of Aphis glycines(Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Northeast China

Aphis glycines （Hemiptera： Aphididae） is considered as a cosmopolitan pest of cultivated soybean, major difficulties in its control measures may be due to its higher genetic diversity; however, the knowledge about population genetic diversity of this species is limited. This study aimed to represent the genetic differentiation among different geographic populations of soybean aphid in Northeast China. In order to investigate and assess the genetic diversity, genetic differentiation, molecular variance, population structure, ecological importance and evolutionary history of A. glycines, we sequenced a fragment of one protein-coding gene, the cytochrome c oxidase I/of mitochondrial DNA gene. The results showed that four haplotypes were defined among CO 11 gene of 180 sequences of soybean aphid in Northeast China including H1 shared by all the populations. Lower haplotype diversity （Hd=0.3590± 0.0420） and nucleotide diversity （Pi=0.0012±0.0002） were observed and high gene flow was detected in every two populations, while most of the variation （80.81%） arose from variability within A. glycines from individuals. Low genetic differentiation and high gene flow （Nm=2.106） indicated a high migration rate between the populations, which might reveal that gene flow in different geographic populations did not affect by geographical distance. The phylogenetic tree and the haplotype network ofA. glycines were obtained based on sequences of CO Ⅱ gene, there were no significant genealogical branches or clusters recognized in NJ tree, and no clear distribution, delineation of haplotypes were demonstrated in the haplotype network according to geographical location. This study rejected the vicariance hypothesis： geographic isolation could be a barrier and it restricted A. glycines gene flow among 10 populations.

Genetic Differences of Mitten Crabs Based on RFLP Analysis on Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I(COI) Gene

The genetic differences of 15 mitten crab populations from 6 river systems in China's Mainland and 1 population from Russia were studied based on RFLP analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I （CO I）. The results showed that Tas I-RFLP pattern could be used as a genetic marker to distinguish Eriocheir hepuensis from Eriocheir sinensis, Eriocheirjaponica and Eriocheir leptognathus; genetic distances among 13 populations of Eriocheir sinensis range from 0 to 0.015, indicating that they were different geographic strains; the subspecies status of Eriocheir sinensis and Eriocheir hepuensis （population from Nanliujiang） were considered owning to their genetic distances of 0.02-0.044, indicating that genetic divergence between them was low; Eriocheir leptognathus （population from Nanpaihe, Tianjin） was the most distant taxon with genetic distances value of 0.147-0.195, which could be defined as genetic distances between species in genus Eriocheir.

Measles Virus(Nepal Strain)Hemagglutinin Gene: Cloning,Complete Nucleotide Sequence Analysis and Expression in COS Cells

Hemagglutinin gene of Measles virus(Nepal strain) was amplified by RT PCR technique, cloned and sequenced by the dideoxy mediated chain termination method. The comparison to the standard strain(Edmonston strain) showed many important mutations. The homology of these two strains was 98.17%. Then H gene was cloned into expression vector pCD SRα296 and introduced into COS 7 cells by electroporation method. The expression and function of cloned H gene was checked by hemadsorption assays.

The Influence of Co-Suppressing Tomato 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid OxidaseⅠon the Expression of Fruit Ripening-Related and Pathogenesis-Related Protein Genes

The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of co-suppressing tomato ACC oxidase Ⅰ on the expression of fruit ripening-related and pathogenesis-related protein genes, and on the biosynthesis of endogenous ethylene and storage ability of fruits. Specific fragments of several fruit ripening-related and pathogenesis-related protein genes from tomato （Lycopersicon esculentum） were cloned, such as the l-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase 1 gene （LeAC01）, 1- aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid oxidase 3 gene （LeAC03）, EIN3-binding F-box 1 gene （LeEBF1）, pathogenesis-related protein 1 gene （LePR1）, pathogenesis-related protein 5 gene （LePR5）, and pathogenesis-related protein osmotin precursor gene （LeNP24） by PCR or RT-PCR. Then these specific DNA fragments were used as probes to hybridize with the total RNAs extracted from the wild type tomato Ailsa Craig （AC＋＋） and the LeAC01 co-suppression tomatoes （V1187 and T4B）, respectively. At the same time, ethylene production measurement and storage experiment of tomato fruits were carded out. The hybridization results indicated that the expression of fruit ripening-related genes such as LeACO3 and LeEBF1, and pathogenesis-related protein genes such as LePR1, LePR5, and LeNP24, were reduced sharply, and the ethylene production in the fruits, wounded leaves decreased and the storage time of ripening fruits was prolonged, when the expression of LeACO1 gene in the transgenic tomato was suppressed. In the co-suppression tomatoes, the expression of fruit ripening-related and pathogenesis-related protein genes were restrained at different degrees, the biosynthesis of endogenous ethylene decreased and the storage ability of tomato fruits increased.

MicroPath-A pathway-based pipeline for the comparison of multiple gene expression profiles to identify common biological signatures

High throughput gene expression analysis is swiftly becoming the focal point for deciphering molecular mechanisms underlying various dif-ferent biological questions. Testament to this is the fact that vast volumes of expression profiles are being generated rapidly by scientists worldwide and subsequently stored in publicly available data repositories such as ArrayEx-press and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Such wealth of biological data has motivated biologists to compare expression profiles gen-erated from biologically-related microarray ex-periments in order to unravel biological mecha-nisms underlying various states of diseases. However, without the availability of appropriate software and tools, they are compelled to use manual or labour-intensive methods of com-parisons. A scrutiny of current literature makes it apparent that there is a soaring need for such bioinformatics tools that cater for the multiple analyses of expression profiles. In order to contribute towards this need, we have developed an efficient software pipeline for the analysis of multiple gene expression data-sets, called Micropath, which implements three principal functions;1) it searches for common genes amongst n number of datasets using a number crunching method of comparison as well as applying the principle of permutations and combinations in the form of a search strat-egy, 2) it extracts gene expression patterns both graphically and statistically, and 3) it streams co-expressed genes to all molecular pathways belonging to KEGG in a live fashion. We sub-jected MicroPath to several expression datasets generated from our tolerance-related in-house microarray experiments as well as published data and identified a set of 31 candidate genes that were found to be co-expressed across all interesting datasets. Pathway analysis revealed their putative roles in regulating immune toler-ance. MicroPath is freely available to download from: www.1066technologies.co.uk/micropath.

Transplantation of Nogo-66 receptor gene-silenced cells in a poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) scaffold for the treatment of spinal cord injury

Inhibition of neurite growth, which is in large part mediated by the Nogo-66 receptor, affects neural regeneration following bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation. The tissue engineering scaffold poly（D,L-lactide-co-glycolic acid） has good histocompatibility and can promote the growth of regenerating nerve fibers. The present study used small interfering RNA to silence Nogo-66 receptor gene expression in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and Schwann cells, which were subsequently transplanted with poly（D,L-lactide-co-glycolic acid） into the spinal cord lesion regions in rats. Simultaneously, rats treated with scaffold only were taken as the control group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry revealed that at 4 weeks after transplantation, rats had good motor function of the hind limb after treatment with Nogo-66 receptor gene-silenced ceils prus the poly（O,L-lactide-co-glycolic acid） scaffold compared with rats treated with scaffold only, and the number of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and neuron-like cells was also increased. At 8 weeks after transplantation, horseradish peroxidase tracing and transmission electron microscopy showed a large number of unmyelinated and myelinated nerve fibers, as well as intact regenerating axonal myelin sheath following spinal cord hemisection injury. These experimental findings indicate that transplantation of Nogo-66 receptor gene-silenced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and Schwann cells plus a poly（D,L-lactide-co-glycolic acid） scaffold can significantly enhance axonal regeneration of spinal cord neurons and improve motor function of the extremities in rats following spinal cord injury.

Detections of mefA, ermB, and mphA Macrolides Resistant Genes in Bacteria Isolated from Covid-19 Patients from Selected Health Facilities in Ibadan, Nigeria

Background: COVID-19 is a disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Epidemiological data indicated that bacterial complications in COVID-19 would decrease clearance rate of the infecting agent and increase mortality rate. Macrolides such as Azithromycin are usually administered to COVID-19 patients as palliative treatments. Currently, a considerable number of bacterial strains have developed resistance to various antibiotics, especially macrolides. Resistance is reported to be due to possession of mefA, ermB, and mphA genes by Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Therefore, this study determined antibiotic resistance patterns and identify mefA, ermB and mphA macrolide-resistant genes in bacterial pathogens isolated from COVID-19 cases in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: 400 Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from symptomatic cases before antibiotic medication;structured questionnaires were administered to collect socio-demographic data of participants. Samples were cultured on Blood, Chocolate, MacConkey and Mannitol salt agar at 37°C for 48 hrs. Bacterial identification was performed using VITEK 2.0 ID cards and API 20E for Gram positive and negative bacteria respectively. Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing was performed using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion methods and VITEK 2.0 AST card kits. DNA of multidrug resistant bacterial isolates was extracted;resistant genes were determined using a polymerase chain reaction with specific primers. Amplified genes were detected using agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: 240 (60%) had bacterial growth and 97 (22.2%) yielded no growth. From the 240 bacterial isolates, 38 (15.83%) were multi-drug resistant including resistance to macrolides (Azithromycin) 20 (52.63%) of which were positive for either mefA or ermB, and none (0.0%) possess mphA gene;14 (36.8%) isolates had mefA gene, 10 (26.3%) isolates carried ermB gene. Conclusion: Multi-drug bacterial resistance including macrolides and quinolones was detected. Only mefA and ermB genes were detected in the bacterial isolates, especially in Gram positive organisms. The detection of mefA and ermB genes in the MDR bacterial isolates raised concern on the use of azithromycin as palliative treatment for COVID-19 symptomatic patients.

纤维肌痛综合征生物标记物的筛选及免疫细胞浸润分析

背景:纤维肌痛综合征作为常见风湿病,其发病与中枢敏化及免疫异常有关,但具体过程尚未阐明,缺乏特异性诊断标志物,不断探索该病的发病机制具有重要的临床意义。目的:基于加权基因共表达网络分析(WGCNA)等生物信息学方法和机器学习算法筛选纤维肌痛综合征潜在的诊断相关标志基因,并分析其免疫细胞浸润特征。方法:对来自基因表达综合数据库(GEO)的纤维肌痛综合征数据集转录谱进行差异分析和WGCNA分析,整合筛选出差异共表达基因,进一步采用机器学习套索回归(LASSO)算法、支持向量机递归特征消除(SVM-RFE)机器学习算法来识别核心生物标志物,并绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线以评估诊断价值。最后,采用单样本基因集富集分析(ssGSEA)和基因集富集分析(GSEA)评估纤维肌痛综合征的免疫细胞浸润情况及通路富集。结果与结论:①对GSE67311数据集按照log2|(FC)|>0,P<0.05的条件进行差异分析后获得8个下调的差异表达基因;进行WGCNA分析后获得正相关性最高(r=0.22,P=0.04)的模块(MEdarkviolet)内含基因497个,负相关性最高(r=-0.41,P=6×10-5)的模块(MEsalmon2)内含基因19个;将差异表达基因与WGCNA的2个高相关性模块基因取交集,获得7个基因。②对上述7个基因进行LASSO回归算法筛选出4个基因,进行SVM-RFE机器学习算法筛选出5个基因,两者取交集后确定了3个核心基因,分别为重组1号染色体开放阅读框150蛋白(germinal center associated signaling and motility like,GCSAML)、整合素β8(Integrin beta-8,ITGB8)和羧肽酶A3(carboxypeptidase A3,CPA3);绘制3个核心基因的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.744,0.739,0.734,提示均具有很好的诊断价值,可作为纤维肌痛综合征的生物标志物。③免疫浸润分析结果显示,与对照组相比纤维肌痛综合征患者记忆B细胞、CD56 bright NK细胞和肥大细胞显著下调(P<0.05),且与上述3个生物标志物显著正相关(P<0.05)。④富集分析结果提示,纤维肌痛综合征的富集途径包括9条,主要与嗅觉传导、神经活性配体-受体相互作用及感染等通路密切相关。⑤上述结果显示,纤维肌痛综合征的发生发展与多基因参与、免疫调节异常及多个通路失调有关,但这些基因与免疫细胞之间的相互作用,以及它们与各通路之间的关系尚需进一步研究。

与苹果Co基因紧密连锁的RAPD标记的筛选及其SCAR标记转换(英文)

以短枝富士 (SpurFuji)×舞姿 (Telamon)的 10 5株F1群体为试材 ,利用RAPD技术 ,结合集群分类分析法(BSA)进行了苹果柱型基因 (Co)分子标记的研究。通过对 30 0条随机引物的筛选 ,获得一个与Co基因紧密连锁的RAPD标记S114 2 682 ,连锁距离为 2 .86cM。对该标记片段进行序列测定 ,然后根据序列特点设计了 4条特异引物(其中正向引物与反向引物各两条 )。PCR结果显示 ,这 4条引物的 4种组合都可以扩增出柱型性状的特征带。选其中之一进行群体上的分析 ,结果表明该SCAR标记特征带与柱型性状的共分离行为与原RAPD标记表现一致。可见 ,此组合的引物可以作为该SCAR标记的特异引物。通过对S114 2 682 标记片段序列分析发现 ,在 +45～ +2 5 1区域含有一个可编码 6 8个氨基酸残基的ORF。

雀形目15种鸟类CoⅠ与Cyt b基因序列的比较

对雀形目Passeriformes6科15种鸟类线粒体DNA的Cyt b基因全序列(1143bp)和CoⅠ基因部分序列(1176bp)进行了比较,结果显示Cyt b和CoⅠ基因序列的变异位点分别为454个和366个,简约信息位点为337个和303个,而且CoⅠ基因比Cytb基因略微保守,进化速率也较低。采用邻接法、最大简约法、最大似然法和贝叶斯法分别构建了CoⅠ和Cyt b基因两组数据集的分子系统发生树及其合一树,并对建树结果进行了比较分析。基于以上两点,本文认为CoⅠ基因比Cyt b基因更适合于确定雀形目科级阶元之间的系统发生关系,而且它也能够作为雀形目物种鉴定的分子标记,但在物种鉴定方面不如Cyt b基因稳定和准确。

6个甜樱桃品种ACO基因多态性的检测

乙烯在植物果实成熟过程中起着重要的作用,ACC合酶(1-aminocyclop ropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase,ACS)和ACC氧化酶(1-aminocyclop ropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase,ACO)是植物乙烯生物合成途径的限速酶。通过DNA序列分析,以不同果实成熟期的6个甜樱桃品种(Prunus avium L.)为材料,检测ACO基因的多态性。获得甜樱桃ACO基因约1 kb,与桃(P.persica)ACO基因(GenBank登录号:AF532976)序列的同源性达96%,其预测的氨基酸序列与桃、梅(P.mume)、美洲李(P.armeniaca)和欧洲李(P.domestica)等ACO的氨基酸序列同源性超过95%。该片段包括4个外显子和4个内含子,内含子符合GT-AT规律。用DNAMAN进行多序列比对分别在内含子2和内含子4内发现2个多态性简单重复序列(AT)n。内含子2有3种片段:即(AT)6、(AT)7和(AT)8;内含子4有2种片段,即(AT)5和(AT)6,组合后共得到4种ACO单倍型。研究在甜樱桃ACO基因座上发现2个SSR标记,为进一步研究ACO基因多态性与果实成熟期相关性奠定基础。

甘蓝型油菜开花调控转录因子CONSTANS的表达分析

【目的】研究开花调控转录因子CONSTANS(CO)同源基因在甘蓝型油菜中的表达特征。【方法】以早熟甘蓝型油菜品系D626-6和晚熟甘蓝型油菜品系D125-5为材料,依据甘蓝型油菜CONSTANS同源基因Bn1CON19设计特异性引物扩增CO基因全长编码区,并根据获得的cDNA序列设计实时荧光定量特异性引物,采用SYBR GreenI染料法进行实时荧光定量PCR研究CO基因表达差异。【结果】在整个生育期内,早熟和晚熟甘蓝型油菜品系的CO基因以叶片中的表达量最高,花蕾和茎中表达量次之,且早晚表达量高于中午时分;在不同生育时期内,抽薹期表达量最大,且早熟甘蓝型油菜品系CO基因在叶片和花蕾中的表达明显高于晚熟甘蓝型油菜品系。【结论】CO同源基因在甘蓝型油菜成花过程中以及生育期的长短上发挥着一定的作用。

中华虎头蟹线粒体16S rRNA和 COⅠ基因的序列比较及其系统进化分析

为研究中华虎头蟹野生群体的种质资源及遗传多样性状况,采用PCR扩增获得中华虎头蟹线粒体DNA的16S rRNA和COⅠ基因片段,分别对其进行序列比较及系统进化分析。16S rRNA和COⅠ基因片段的A+T平均含量分别为67.7%和61.4%,A+T含量显著高于G+C含量。长度为515 bp的16S rRNA基因片段共检测出单倍型4种,多态性位点4个,均为单一变异位点;长度为653 bp的COⅠ基因片段共检测出单倍型11种,多态性位点23个,其中简约信息位点5个和单一变异位点18个。COⅠ基因片段比16S rRNA基因片段具有较大的变异,更适于中华虎头蟹种群的遗传多样性分析。基于16S rRNA和COⅠ基因片段的遗传距离与系统进化分析结果一致,表明中华虎头蟹与梭子蟹科的蟹类亲缘关系最近,方蟹科与沙蟹科的蟹类聚为一支,与传统分类结果基本一致;而脊椎动物2个基因片段的系统进化分析结果不一致。根据16S rRNA基因片段的遗传距离推测出4科7种蟹的大致分化时间发生在古新世至始新世。

禽流感H5亚型HA基因在COS-7细胞中的瞬时表达与检测

检测构建于真核表达载体PCI上的禽流感H5亚型(H5N1)HA基因的基因转染效率及瞬时表达,为基因疫苗的体外表达提供依据。在体外扩增并酶切鉴定PCIHA质粒;常规方法培养COS-7细胞;质粒与脂质体按照不同的比例混合,以脂质体介导法转染PCIHA,应用荧光显微镜观察转染效率及瞬时表达情况。结果表明转染效率与质粒和脂质体的比例有关,基因转染在24h后开始表达,48～72h表达量最高。本试验通过以脂质体不同剂量的优化方法转染COS-7细胞,获得了较高效率的表达,证实了AIV HA基因DNA疫苗可在体外表达。

高等植物CO基因研究进展

开花是植物由营养生长向生殖生长转变的重要时程。光周期和温度在这一过程中起主要作用。在拟南芥和水稻中,CONSTANS(CO)基因位于生物钟的输出途径,是生物钟和开花时间基因之间监测日照长度的重要元件,它可以整合光信号和生物钟信号,节律性地激活FLOWERINGLOCUST(FT)的表达,从而诱导开花。本文作者在追踪国内外对该基因的研究中发现,目前研究者已经从30余个物种中克隆到CO同源基因并对其序列特征、表达模式和功能特性进行了研究。CO基因编码的蛋白均包含两个保守的结构域:靠近氨基端的B-box结构域即锌指结构域和靠近羧基端的CCT结构域。CO基因的表达受昼夜节律钟调控。不同物种中该基因拷贝数不同,CO基因不同拷贝之间的功能存在差异。系统进化分析表明,该基因在双子叶植物和单子叶植物,以及不同科、属的植物中也存在分化。国内外这些关于CO基因家族的研究成果为进一步研究该基因功能和进化关系,并通过转基因调节植物开花期提供了有价值的参考资料。

基于线粒体COⅠ基因的齿小蠹属昆虫DNA条形码研究

齿小蠹属(鞘翅目:小蠹科)昆虫是植物检疫中经常截获的类群,为探讨线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(COⅠ)基因的特定区段作为DNA条形码快速准确鉴定齿小蠹种类的可行性,以齿小蠹属昆虫为研究对象,测定分析了线粒体COⅠ基因462bp碱基序列。序列分析结果显示:变异位点为259个,保守位点203个,简约信息位点181个,自裔位点78个。所有位点中,A,G,C和T碱基平均含量分别为30.7%,16.5%,17.0%和35.8%。A+T含量较高,为66.5%,明显高于G+C含量,表现明显的A+T碱基偏嗜,且A与T含量相当,符合昆虫线粒体基因碱基组成的基本特征。转换与颠换结果显示:该段序列未达到饱和,可以得到准确的进化分析。利用Kimura2-parameter模型分析遗传距离得到,同物种间的遗传距离介于0.002～0.007之间,不同种间的遗传距离介于0.056～0.431间,平均遗传距离为0.199,说明该段序列能够区分不同物种。基于COⅠ基因序列构建的邻接法系统发育树(NJ树)显示,同一物种聚为同一小支,且分支自展值均为100%;近缘种能聚集在一起,且置信度很高(≥97%)。结果表明应用基于COⅠ基因片段的DNA条形码进行齿小蠹属昆虫分类鉴定具有可行性。

钦州湾牡蛎线粒体16S rRNA和COⅠ基因片段的序列变异分析

利用线粒体16S rRNA基因和线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(cytochrome oxidaseⅠ,COⅠ)基因片段初步研究钦州湾牡蛎(Ostrea)的物种组成。以特异引物进行PCR扩增,对扩增产物进行纯化、测序,分析表明,16S rRNA基因部分长度为413bp,COⅠ基因部分长度为535bp,2种牡蛎序列的碱基组成均显示出较高的A+T比例:16S rRNA基因59.8%;COⅠ基因60.5%。对位排序比较表明,16S rRNA片段种内个体间变异较小,存在7个变异位点,4种单倍型,其中包括5个转换位点突变,2个颠换位点突变;COⅠ片段有30个碱基存在变异,7种单倍型,其中包括16个转换位点突变,14个颠换位点突变。运用MEGA4软件计算出不同个体间的遗传距离,并构建了NJ和UPGMA系统树。香港牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)16S rRNA和COⅠ序列与白肉牡蛎的遗传距离均为0.000,有明巨牡蛎(Crassostrea ariakensis)16S rRNA和COⅠ序列和红肉牡蛎(red meat ostrea)的遗传距离分别为0.000和0.011,白肉牡蛎16S rRNA和COⅠ序列和红肉牡蛎之间的遗传距离分别为0.035和0.146。结果表明,钦州湾牡蛎分为2个不同的种,线粒体16S rRNA和COⅠ基因在种间存在明显的多态性,证实了16S rRNA和COⅠ基因序列适用于牡蛎的系统学分析。

我国部分地方鸡种COⅠ基因多态性及其分子系统进化研究

以我国7个地方鸡种为研究对象,利用DNA测序技术测定线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(cyto-chrome coxidaseⅠ,COⅠ)基因序列,分析地方鸡种COⅠ多态性及其分子系统进化关系。研究结果表明,选择的这段COⅠ基因序列有24个突变位点,为13个单倍型,其中11个单倍型为各品种所特有,可以作为各品种鉴定的依据;各鸡种在不同位点突变频率不同,7个鸡种均有其特异位点,根据这些特异位点,可以对其进行品种鉴定。7个品种间Kimura双参数遗传距离为0.001 81～0.008 48。7个品种的DNA分类和形态学分类基本一致,该基因可以用于探讨地方鸡种分类问题。