Neuronal activity,synaptic transmission,and molecular changes in the basolateral amygdala play critical roles in fear memory.Cylindromatosis(CYLD)is a deubiquitinase that negatively regulates the nuclear factor kappa-...Neuronal activity,synaptic transmission,and molecular changes in the basolateral amygdala play critical roles in fear memory.Cylindromatosis(CYLD)is a deubiquitinase that negatively regulates the nuclear factor kappa-B pathway.CYLD is well studied in non-neuronal cells,yet underinvestigated in the brain,where it is highly expressed.Emerging studies have shown involvement of CYLD in the remodeling of glutamatergic synapses,neuroinflammation,fear memory,and anxiety-and autism-like behaviors.However,the precise role of CYLD in glutamatergic neurons is largely unknown.Here,we first proposed involvement of CYLD in cued fear expression.We next constructed transgenic model mice with specific deletion of Cyld from glutamatergic neurons.Our results show that glutamatergic CYLD deficiency exaggerated the expression of cued fear in only male mice.Further,loss of CYLD in glutamatergic neurons resulted in enhanced neuronal activation,impaired excitatory synaptic transmission,and altered levels of glutamate receptors accompanied by over-activation of microglia in the basolateral amygdala of male mice.Altogether,our study suggests a critical role of glutamatergic CYLD in maintaining normal neuronal,synaptic,and microglial activation.This may contribute,at least in part,to cued fear expression.展开更多
针对等矩柱状投影(equirectangular projection,ERP)全景视频多功能视频编码(versatile video coding,VVC)帧内编码复杂度过高的问题,提出一种编码单元(coding unit,CU)快速划分算法。根据ERP采样特性,将编码帧分为不同纬度区域。基于...针对等矩柱状投影(equirectangular projection,ERP)全景视频多功能视频编码(versatile video coding,VVC)帧内编码复杂度过高的问题,提出一种编码单元(coding unit,CU)快速划分算法。根据ERP采样特性,将编码帧分为不同纬度区域。基于不同纬度区域CU四叉树深度的分布特性和相邻CU的相关性,对当前CU的划分模式进行提前终止决策;利用梯度差异评估当前CU纹理特性,跳过冗余的水平或垂直划分模式。针对纹理模糊CU,通过纬度采样权重加权的二次比较,判断是否跳过垂直划分模式;利用二维哈尔小波变换系数评估当前CU子块间的差异,判断是否跳过三叉树划分模式。实验结果表明,在全帧内模式下,与VVC官方测试平台相比,所提算法能节省43.85%的编码时间,码率仅增加0.85%,视频质量没有明显下降。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.32371065(to CL)and 32170950(to LY)the Natural Science Foundation of the Guangdong Province,No.2023A1515010899(to CL)the Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou,Nos.2023A4J0578 and 2024A03J0180(to CW)。
文摘Neuronal activity,synaptic transmission,and molecular changes in the basolateral amygdala play critical roles in fear memory.Cylindromatosis(CYLD)is a deubiquitinase that negatively regulates the nuclear factor kappa-B pathway.CYLD is well studied in non-neuronal cells,yet underinvestigated in the brain,where it is highly expressed.Emerging studies have shown involvement of CYLD in the remodeling of glutamatergic synapses,neuroinflammation,fear memory,and anxiety-and autism-like behaviors.However,the precise role of CYLD in glutamatergic neurons is largely unknown.Here,we first proposed involvement of CYLD in cued fear expression.We next constructed transgenic model mice with specific deletion of Cyld from glutamatergic neurons.Our results show that glutamatergic CYLD deficiency exaggerated the expression of cued fear in only male mice.Further,loss of CYLD in glutamatergic neurons resulted in enhanced neuronal activation,impaired excitatory synaptic transmission,and altered levels of glutamate receptors accompanied by over-activation of microglia in the basolateral amygdala of male mice.Altogether,our study suggests a critical role of glutamatergic CYLD in maintaining normal neuronal,synaptic,and microglial activation.This may contribute,at least in part,to cued fear expression.
文摘针对等矩柱状投影(equirectangular projection,ERP)全景视频多功能视频编码(versatile video coding,VVC)帧内编码复杂度过高的问题,提出一种编码单元(coding unit,CU)快速划分算法。根据ERP采样特性,将编码帧分为不同纬度区域。基于不同纬度区域CU四叉树深度的分布特性和相邻CU的相关性,对当前CU的划分模式进行提前终止决策;利用梯度差异评估当前CU纹理特性,跳过冗余的水平或垂直划分模式。针对纹理模糊CU,通过纬度采样权重加权的二次比较,判断是否跳过垂直划分模式;利用二维哈尔小波变换系数评估当前CU子块间的差异,判断是否跳过三叉树划分模式。实验结果表明,在全帧内模式下,与VVC官方测试平台相比,所提算法能节省43.85%的编码时间,码率仅增加0.85%,视频质量没有明显下降。
