Silencing transformer and transformer-2 in Zeugodacus cucurbitae causes defective sex determination with inviability of most pseudomales

transformer is a switch gene for sex determination in many insects, which cooperates with transformer-2 that is expressed in both sexes to regulate female differentiation, particularly in dipterans. Zeugodacus cucurbitae(Coquillett) is a very destructive pest worldwide, however, its sex determination pathway remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we show that the female sex ratio is sharply reduced with knockdown of either transformer or transformer-2 by RNA interference in early embryos of Z. cucurbitae. Most of the males grown from the embryos with transient transformer and transformer-2 suppression mated with wild-type females and produced mixed sex progeny, with one exception that produced only female progeny, and all of the few remaining males failed to mate with wild-type females and produced no progeny. The exceptional male and those males with mating failure were XX pseudomales as determined by the detection of Y chromosome-linked Maleness-on-the-Y, indicating that most XX pseudomales are not viable. The phenotypes of transformer and transformer-2 suggest that they play a key role in regulating sex determination and are required for female sexual development of Z. cucurbitae. Our results will be beneficial to the understanding of sex determination in Z. cucurbitae and can facilitate the development of genetic sexing strains for its biological control.

On simulation of precise orbit determination of HY-2 with centimeter precision based on satellite-borne GPS technique

The HY-2 satellite carrying a satellite-borne GPS receiver is the first Chinese radar altimeter satellite, whose radial orbit determination precision must reach the centimeter level. Now HY-2 is in the test phase so that the observations are not openly released. In order to study the precise orbit determination precision and procedure for HY-2 based on the satellite- borne GPS technique, the satellite-borne GPS data are simulated in this paper. The HY-2 satellite-borne GPS antenna can receive at least seven GPS satellites each epoch, which can validate the GPS receiver and antenna design. What＇s more, the precise orbit determination processing flow is given and precise orbit determination experiments are conducted using the HY-2-borne GPS data with both the reduced-dynamic method and the kinematic geometry method. With the 1 and 3 mm phase data random errors, the radial orbit determination precision can achieve the centimeter level using these two methods and the kinematic orbit accuracy is slightly lower than that of the reduced-dynamic orbit. The earth gravity field model is an important factor which seriously affects the precise orbit determination of altimeter satellites. The reduced-dynamic orbit determination experiments are made with different earth gravity field models, such as EIGEN2, EGM96, TEG4, and GEMT3. Using a large number of high precision satellite-bome GPS data, the HY-2 precise orbit determination can reach the centimeter level with commonly used earth gravity field models up to above 50 degrees and orders.

真空紫外协同Co^(2+)催化过硫酸氢钾降解罗丹明B

有机染料具有毒性强、色度高、不易降解等特性,为了高效去除有机染料,实验以真空紫外(VUV)为光源,研究了VUV协同Co^(2+)催化过硫酸氢钾(PMS)降解典型有机染料罗丹明B(RhB)的反应机制和转化途径.结果表明:①在RhB初始浓度为80 mg/L,Co^(2+)和PMS投加量分别为15μmol/L、0.5 mmol/L的条件下,VUV/Co^(2+)/PMS体系反应10 min,RhB去除率可达99.1%.VUV/Co^(2+)/PMS体系对RhB降解遵循一级动力学规律,反应速率常数(k)随初始质量浓度的增加而减小.②溶液初始pH对反应速率有较大的影响,随着pH减小,反应速率也同时减小.投加量为30 mmol/L的HCO_(3)^(−)、Cl^(−)均表现出显著的抑制作用,相较于对照组,RhB去除率由99.1%分别降至66.0%、84.2%,而NO_(3)^(−)和SO_(4)^(2−)抑制作用不显著;印染助剂柠檬酸钠也会显著抑制RhB降解.③自由基捕获实验和电子顺磁共振(EPR)测试结果表明,VUV/Co^(2+)/PMS体系中存在的氧化物种包括硫酸根自由基(SO_(4)^(−)·)、羟基自由基(·OH)、单线态氧(1O2).④根据紫外可见吸收光谱和质谱结果,初步推断RhB分子降解主要通过活性氧(ROS)攻击造成共轭结构破坏和N-位脱乙基等作用.另外,对总有机碳(TOC)进行测试,30 min时RhB矿化度可达到43.8%.研究显示,VUV/Co^(2+)/PMS体系能够有效去除RhB.

聚丙烯酸钠配合-超滤工艺分离电池废水中Mn^(2+)和Co^(2+)的试验

采用聚丙烯酸钠(PAAS)和聚醚砜(PES)中空纤维超滤(UF)膜,研究配合-超滤工艺对Mn^(2+)和Co^(2+)的截留效果、分离效果以及配合竞争效应。单金属离子试验结果表明:随着m(P)/m(M)(聚合物/金属离子质量比)、pH增加,Mn^(2+)和Co^(2+)的截留率增大。随温度增大,Mn^(2+)和Co^(2+)的截留率先增加后减小,Mn^(2+)、Co^(2+)的截留率分别在20、25℃时达到最大。pH值=5、m(P)/m(M)=4、温度为20℃为最佳操作条件,分离率最大(64.70%),配合竞争效应最强。NaCl减弱了金属离子的竞争配合能力,不利于Mn^(2+)和Co^(2+)的分离。混合金属离子试验的最佳操作条件下分离率为57.41%。红外数据显示,Mn^(2+)和Co^(2+)均与PAAS配合,由于离子水化热以及电负性的不同,Mn^(2+)和Co^(2+)与PAAS配合亲和力不同,在相同的溶液环境下,Mn^(2+)优先与PAAS配合。

Ab initio Structure Determination of [Co(NH_3)_5Br]Br_2 Using Conventional X-ray Powder Diffraction

The crystal structure of [Co(NH3)5Br]Br2 has been determined ab initio from the conventional X-ray powder diffraction data. The approximate structure with all 7 indeyendent non-H atoms was solved by direct methods. The final orthorhombic unit-cell parameters after Rietveld refinement are: a=13.6927, b=10.7071, c=6.9400A, V=1017.47A3, F30=93(0.0075,43), M20=49, Z=4. Space group is Pnma. The structure agreement factors are: Rp=0.066,Rwp=0.090, RF=0.041, RB=0.042.

不同条件下Co^(2+)对锌电积的影响

Co^(2+)是湿法炼锌中重点关注的有害杂质之一。以含Co^(2+)的硫酸锌溶液作为模拟研究对象,整体研究含Co^(2+)的硫酸锌溶液中分别存在松醇油和Mg^(2+)时,Co^(2+)对锌电解的影响行为。结果表明,当电积液中不存在松醇油和Mg^(2+)时,Co^(2+)的存在造成了锌板的穿孔,出现了轻微“烧板”现象,需要将电积液中Co^(2+)浓度控制在0.6 mg/L以下。当电积液中加入0.21 g/L的松醇油时,Co^(2+)的含量对锌电积的不利影响比电积液中不存在松醇油时的影响更大,需要将电积液中Co^(2+)浓度控制在0.4 mg/L以下。当Mg^(2+)浓度分别为5 g/L和10 g/L时,需要将电积液中Co^(2+)浓度控制在0.4 mg/L和0.2 mg/L以下。当Mg^(2+)浓度为15 g/L时,电积液中的Co^(2+)应尽量除尽。

微量Co^(2+)-Si^(4+)取代对多晶石榴石铁氧体材料旋矩磁性能的影响

采用传统陶瓷工艺制备了多晶石榴石铁氧体,研究了微量Co^(2+)-Si^(4+)联合取代对GdCaSnV-YIG、GdCaZrV-YIG、GdCaInV-YIG和GdAl-YIG材料旋矩磁性能的影响。结果表明,Co^(2+)-Si^(4+)联合取代GdAl-YIG可使其矫顽力显著增高,而Co^(2+)-Si^(4+)取代GdCaSnV-YIG、GdCaZrV-YIG和GdCaInV-YIG,可调节其矫顽力和剩磁比。当Co^(2+)-Si^(4+)取代量为0.015时得到GdCaSnV-YIG的矫顽力为0.17 Oe,取代量为0.025时得到GdCaZrV-YIG的矫顽力为0.23 Oe,取代量大于等于0.035时三者的剩磁比均能达到0.79或以上。

Fast Determination of Vitamin B₂Based on Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor

Under the condition of weak acidity of pH 5.2, a sensitive vitamin B2 electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted nonconducting polymer of o-aminophenol by potentiostatic polymerization in the presence of template(vitamin B2) on a glassy carbon electrode was prepared, and its performance was studied. The sensor exhibited good sensitivity and selectivity to VB2. The detection limit went down to 2.3851nM, and a linear relationship between the current incremental and the concentration was found in the range of 10~120nM. And the sensor could use in detection of VB2 real sample for a long time and show good reproducibility. The average recovery rate to VB2 was 98.41%.

Determinants of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among Young Adults Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Selected Tertiary Hospitals in Shandong Province, China

Objective: The purpose of this study is to understand the current situation of knowledge, attitude, and practice of self-management in young patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to explore the relationship between general conditions (personal, social, and environment, clinical factors) and their knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of diabetes self-management, This aims to provide patients with high-quality nursing care management and services, as well as to provide relevant recommendations for effective self-management. Methods: This study is a descriptive correlational study that used the purposive sampling method to investigate 359 patients with T2DM aged 18-25 years in four designated tertiary hospitals in Shandong Province. Results: Knowledge of self-management was correlated with sex, age, education level, occupation and work situation, monthly household income, medical payment method, family and friend support, frequency of diabetes health education, and diabetes complications. The attitude subscale was correlated with sex, age, education level, work situation, and family and friend support. The practice subscale was associated with age, education level, work situation, family and friend support, frequency of diabetes health education, and HbA1c values. Conclusion: Young adults aged 18-25 with T2DM have positive attitudes towards diabetes self-management, but there are still deficiencies in knowledge acquisition and behavioral practice. The KAP of self-management of diabetes is influenced by personal factors such as sex, age, and education level, and socio-environmental factors such as family income and family or friends’ social support. Additionally, clinical factors such as complications and HbA1c values significantly impacted the patient’s disease self-management ability.

A Highly Sensitive and Selective Spectrofluorimetric Method for the Determination of Arsenic at Pico-Trace Levels in Some Groundwater, Real, Environmental, Biological, Food and Soil Samples Using 2-(<i>α</i>-Pyridyl)-Thioquinaldinamide

A very simple, ultra-sensitive, highly selective and non-extractive new spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of arsenic at pico-trace levels using 2-(α-pyridyl)-thioquinaldinamide (PTQA) has been developed. PTQA has been proposed as a new analytical reagent for the direct non-extractive spectrofluorimetric determination of Arsenic (V). This novel fluorimetric reagent, PTQA becomes oxidized in a slightly acidic (0.025 - 0.1 M H2SO4) solution with Arsenic (V) in absolute ethanol to produce highly fluorescent oxidized product (λex = 303 nm;λem = 365 nm). Constant and maximum fluorescence intensities were observed over a wide range of acidity (0.025 - 0.1 M H2SO4) for the period between 2 min and 24 h. Linear calibration graphs were obtained for 0.001 - 800-μgL-1 of As, having a detection limit of 0.1-ngL-1;the quantification limit of the reaction system was found to be 1-ngL-1 and the RSD was 0% - 2%. A large excess of over 60 cations, anions and complexion agents (like, chloride, phosphate, azide, tartrate, oxalate, SCN, etc.) do not interfere in the determination. The developed method was successfully used in the determination of arsenic in several Certified Reference Materials (alloys, steels, ores, human urine, hair, nails, bovine liver and sediments) as well as in some biological fluids (human blood, urine, hair, nail and milk), soil samples, food samples (vegetables, fruits, rice, corn and wheat), solutions containing both arsenic (III) and arsenic (V) speciation and complex synthetic mixtures. The results of the proposed method for assessing biological, food and soil samples were comparable with both ICP-OES & AHG-AAS and were found to be in excellent agreement.

Experimental Determination of the Landé g-Factors for 5s^2 ^1S and 5s5p ^3P States of the ^87Sr Atom

We present an experimental determination on the Lande g-factors for the 5 s^2 ^1 S0 and 5 s5 p ^3P0 states in ultra-cold atomic systems, which is important for evaluating the Zeeman shift of the clock transition in the ^87Sr optical lattice clock. The Zeeman shift of the 5 s5 p ^3 P0-5 s^2 ^1 S0 forbidden transition is measured with the π-polarized and σ^±-polarized interrogations at different magnetic field strengths. Moreover, in the g-factor measurement with the σ^±-transition spectra, it is unnecessary to calibrate the external magnetic field. By this means, the ground state 5 s^2 ^1 S0 g-factor for the ^87Sr atom is-1.306（52） ×10^-4, which is the first experimental determination to the best of our knowledge, and the result matches very well with the theoretical estimation. The differential g-factorδg between the 5 s5 p^3 P0 state and the 5 s^2 ^1 S0 state of the ^87Sr atoms is measured in the experiment as well,which are-7.67（36） ×10^-5 with π-transition spectra and-7.72（43） X 10^-5 with σ^±-transition spectra, in good agreement with the previous report [Phys. Rev. A 76（2007） 022510]. This work can also be used for determining the differential g-factor of the clock states for the optical clocks based on other atoms.

APPLICATION OF 2D-NMR TECHNIQUES IN THE STRUCTURE DETERMINATION OF HYPODEMATINE

An alkaloid with a novel structure,named Hypodematine,was isolated from Hypodematium sinense Iwatsuki(belonging to Thelypterdaceae).Its structure was elucidated by means of the ~1H-~1H COSY' ~1H-^(13)C COSY and long-range ~1H-^(13)C COSY spectroscopy to have the skeleton of benzo-aza-cyclooctatetraene with a phenyl substituent.Such basic structure has not been found in the na- tural product before.

ADSORPTIVE VOLTAMMTRIC DETERMINATION OF COPPER,NICKEL,COBALT AND CADMIUM WITH 2-QADN2,7

A new reagent 2-QADN2,7 has been synthesized and its electroana- lytical characteristics have been studied.The procedure of the adsorptive voltammetric determination of copper,nickel,cohalt and cadmium was worked out.

Fluorimetric determination of methylmercury with 2, 3-dimercaptonaphthalene

Methylmercury is the most toxic one among the mercury species. Many methods including atomic absorption spectrometry, atomic emission spectrometry, atomic fluorescence spectrometry, gas chromatography, high\|performance liquid chromatography, ion chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis, have been published for the determination of methylmercury. These methods have been reviewed (Li, 1997; 1993; Niu, 1991). These methods require expensive equipment and highly qualified analysts. Although fluorimetric method is sensitive, inexpensive, easy to operate, no data about determination of methylmercury by fluorimetry can be found in the literature. In order to obtain a better method for the determination of methylmercury by fluorimetry, several reagents such as 8\| hydroxyquinoline, 8\|aminoquinoline, 8\|mercaptoquinoline, 2,3\| diaminonaphthalene, 2, 3\|dimercaptonaphthalene were tested. The 2, 3\|dimercaptonaphthalene gave better result than the other reagents. Under the optimal conditions, the concentration of 2, 3\| dimercaptonaphthalene was 5.6×10 -5 mol/L and the pH value of the solution was adjusted to 4.0 with acetate buffer solution. The excitation and emission fluorescence wavelengths of 2,3\| dimercaptonaphthalene-methylmercury complex were 512.5 nm and 500 nm(antistokes), respectively. The linear range was 0.3—80 ng/ml and the detection limit was 0.02 ng/ml. The relative standard deviation was 2.6%. The method may be applied to determine methylmercury in environmental samples, and detailed investigation is in progress.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF 2-(2-HYDROXY-3,5-DINITROPHENYLAZO)-7-(4-CHLORO-PHOSPHONPHENYLAZO)-1, 8-DIHYDROXY-NAPHTHALENE-3, 6-DISULF-ONIC ACID (CPAP) AS NEW REAGENT FOR DETERMINATION OF TOTAL PARE EARTHS

This paper reports the synthesis and general properties of the new reagent CPFP. Its dissociation constants have been determined. The characterization in determinating total RE with CPAP reagent has been investigated in detail. Analytic data for synthetic sample are satisfactory.

A Highly Sensitive and Selective Spectrofluorimetric Method for the Determination of Vanadium at Pico-Trace Levels in Some Real, Environmental, Biological, Soil and Food Samples Using 2-(<i>α</i>-Pyridyl)-Thioquinaldinamide

A new spectrofluorimetric reagent 2-(α-pyridyl)-thioquinaldinamide (PTQA) has been synthesized and characterized through novel reaction techniques. A very simple, ultra-sensitive and highly selective non-extractive new spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of vanadium at Pico-trace levels using 2-(α-pyridyl)-thioquinaldinamide (PTQA) has been developed. PTQA has been proposed as a new analytical reagent for the direct non-extractive spectrofluorimetric determination of vanadium (V). This novel fluorimetric reagent, PTQA becomes oxidized in a slightly acidic (0.0035 - 0.0085 M H2SO4) solution within vanadium (V) in 20% ethanol to produce highly fluorescent oxidized product (λex = 319 nm;λem = 371 nm). Constant and maximum fluorescence intensities were observed over a wide range of acidity (0.0035 - 0.0085 M H2SO4) for the period between 5 min and 24 h. Linear calibration graphs were obtained for 0.001 - 600-μg·L-1 of V, having a detection limit of 0.3-ng·L-1;the quantification limit of the reaction system was found to be 3-ng·L-1 and the RSD was 0% - 2%. A large excess of over 60 cations, anions and complexing agents (like, chloride, phosphate, azide, tartrate, oxalate, SCN- etc.) do not interfere in the determination. The developed method was successfully used in the determination of vanadium in several Certified Reference Materials (alloys, steels, serum, bovine liver, drinking water, soil and sediments) as well as in some environmental waters (potable and polluted), biological fluids (human blood, urine, hair and milk), soil samples and food samples (vegetables, rice and wheat) solutions containing both vanadium (IV) and vanadium (V) speciation and complex synthetic mixtures. The results of the proposed method for assessing biological, food and vegetable samples were comparable with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and atomic-absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) was found to be in excellent agreement.

疏水性离子液体为溶剂对Co^(2+)和Cd^(2+)废水的萃取性能

研究了疏水性离子液体[Bmim]PF6(1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐)、[Hmim]PF6(1-己基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐)和[Omim]PF6(1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐)对Co2+和Cd2+的萃取性能.结果表明,未加入螯合剂时,离子液体对Co2+和Cd2+的萃取率都很低.螯合剂的加入大大提高了离子液体对重金属离子的萃取性能,Co2+和Cd2+的萃取率分别由原来的2.06%和1.82%提高到96.37%和93.68%.不同螯合剂对离子液体萃取Co2+和Cd2+有一定的影响.离子液体碳链长度的增加有利于Co2+和Cd2+的萃取.与传统有机溶剂相似,离子液体萃取重金属离子过程中具有很强的pH摆动效应,当pH<2时,Co2+和Cd2+的萃取率几乎为0,而当pH>6时,Co2+和Cd2+的萃取率均大于90%.运用萃取过程中的pH摆动效应对Cd2+进行反萃取,实现了离子液体的回用.

交联淀粉微球对Co^(2+)的吸附行为及机理研究

研究了交联淀粉微球(CSM)对Co2+的静态吸附行为,并根据吸附等温线研究了吸附热力学性质,利用红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪对吸附产物进行了结构表征,探讨了吸附机理。结果表明:在研究的浓度范围内,CSM对Co2+吸附等温线同时符合Langmu ir等温方程和Freund lich等温方程,不同温度下,CSM吸附Co2+的吸附焓变ΔH、吸附自由能变ΔG、吸附熵变ΔS均为负值,表明吸附是一个自发的、放热的过程,降低温度有利于吸附;CSM通过物理吸附、配位吸附方式吸附Co2+,并导致CSM结晶结构被进一步破坏。

Cu^(2+)、Zn^(2+)、Co^(2+)对雨生红球藻生长的影响

以单细胞雨生红球藻为试验材料,以MAV为培养基通过单因子试验和正交试验研究了Cu2+、Zn2+、Co2+3种微量元素离子对雨生红球藻生长的影响。单因子试验结果表明,Cu2+、Zn2+、Co2+最佳质量浓度分别为2.0×10-7、3.4×10-7、9.0×10-7mol/L。正交试验结果表明,Cu2+的最适质量浓度是2.0×10-8mol/L;Zn2+的最适质量浓度是3.4×10-7mol/L;Co2+的最适质量浓度是6.0×10-7mol/L.。在这3种重金属离子的正交试验中在所研究的浓度范围内Cu2+和Co2+存在着较显著交互作用。

Zn^2＋、Co^2＋和Mn^2＋对人工湿地基质生物膜的影响

研究了金属离子Zn2+,Co2+和Mn2+对复合垂直流人工湿地基质生物膜脱氢酶活性和多糖含量的影响.结果表明,在生物膜混合液中添加Zn2+能在短时间内(6h)迅速提高生物膜的酶活性,增加多糖含量,浓度为2mg/L的Zn2+可以在较长时间(72h)内保持生物膜的酶活性并且促进多糖的积累.Co2+和Mn2+对生物膜脱氢酶活性及多糖含量的影响较为相似.当Co2+浓度<1mg/L、Mn2+浓度<2mg/L条件下,6h时,对脱氢酶活性呈现了不同程度的促进作用,但随着Co2+和Mn2+离子浓度的增加,对脱氢酶活性的影响则表现为抑制作用,并且随着时间的延长,抑制作用越来越明显.在所研究的浓度和时间范围内,Co2+和Mn2+对多糖含量没有明显影响.