Co^(60)γ射线照射技术在阿维菌素产生菌诱变育种中的应用

为了筛选获得阿维菌素总效价及有效组分B1a含量高的阿维链霉菌突变株,应用Co60γ射线照射并结合甲硫氨酸筛选模型和5-氟尿嘧啶筛选模型对出发菌株阿维链霉菌H20-16进行诱变处理,使用高效液相色谱法检测发酵单位与有效组分B1a的含量。通过筛选获得发酵单位提高的菌株Co39-15和CF(20)-39-61,比出发菌株分别提高了173.3%、76.5%;B1a组分提高的菌株Co35-9和CM35-12,比出发菌株分别提高了12.1%、16.7%。从而得出,利用Co60γ射线照射并结合甲硫氨酸和5-氟尿嘧啶筛选模型诱变处理阿维菌素产生菌,诱变效果显著。

Co^(60)诱变原生质体选育高产酒精酵母

将较高产酒精酵母制备成原生质体,经Co60诱变后,采用四级筛选,得到高产酒精酵母菌株Co-158,其遗传性状稳定。以玉米粉糖化醪为基质发酵72h,成熟醪酒精体积分数为17.8%(v/v),残还原糖为0.0137%。Co-158菌株成熟醪酒精体积分数比出发菌株提高了16.34%,比ADY提高了24.48%,残还原糖含量亦远远低于出发菌株和ADY。

SRAP Marker Analysis of Genomic Mutation Induced by ^(60)Coγ-Ray Irradiation in Potato (Solanum tuberosum)

[Objective] This study was to explore the mutagenic effect of 60Co γ-ray on Solanum tuberosum chromosomes.[Method] The 60Co γ-ray at different irradiation doses was applied to treat the minitubers of potato variety ＇Favorita＇,and the genomic mutations in VM1 and VM2 gene rations in treatments with different doses were analyzed by SRAP markers.[Resalt] Thirty pairs of SRAP primers out of 88 pairs exhibited polymorphism with a rate of 34.1％ in the bulked selection of VM1 generation.A total of 225 bands were obtained,of which 64 were polymorphic with a rate of 28.4％.The polymorphism was reflected in the forms of deleted bands and added bands.Based on the result of the bulked selection of VM1 generation,25 primers with polymorphism were selected to scan VM2 generation.Five primers performed poorly,and nine of the rest 20 pairs revealed polymorphism and obtained nine polymorphic bands,of which only four bands were detected in VM1 generation and the other five ones were newly deleted bands.Only 9.8％ of the bands detected in VM1 generation were obtained in VM2 generation.Eventually,nine stable and dear polymorphic bands were recovered and cloned,and DNA sequences of six bands of them were acquired by sequencing.According to the comparative analysis,five fragments sequences were similar to potato chromosome with a similarity rate of 77％-89％,three of them located at the resistance gene cluster; another one fragment had a similarity of 93％ with some regions of the No.5 chromosome in tomato.[Conclusion] 60Co γ-ray irradiation can cause mutation of genomic DNA in potato;there is no significant correlation between the number of polymorphic bands and the irradiation dose; potymorphic bands are characterized by a larger number of deleted bands than that of the added ones.

蝴蝶兰Co^(60)γ辐射诱变育种初报

以蝴蝶兰的原球茎为试验材料,10 Gy、20 Gy、30 Gy、40 Gy、50 Gy等5个辐射剂量进行Co60γ射线诱变处理。并对辐射后的原球茎进行分化扩繁生根落地栽培。观察田间生长变化,发现了诱变苗。

Co^(60)-γ射线不同剂量辐射黑稻M1代性状研究

黑稻(Y4)经Co60-γ射线不同剂量辐射M1代性状初步研究表明,生物性状比对照弱,随着辐照剂量的增大而明显下降,主要表现为生物损伤。而半致死剂量,半损伤剂量,临界剂量和处理表现优良等综合考虑,以300GY出现的频率最高。千粒重,株高,穗长等表现优良的可以标定M2代单独研究。

Co^(60)辐照聚苯乙烯微孔板的ELISA研究

为了探讨Co60γ射线辐照对聚苯乙烯微孔板吸附小分子多肽的影响,建立了检测HIV(人类免疫缺陷病毒)抗体的间接酶联免疫法(ELISA).分别用未经辐照处理、经紫外线(UV)辐照处理和经Co60辐照处理的聚苯乙烯微孔板吸附重组HIV抗原,再配以辣根过氧化物酶标记的羊抗人IgG,可以考察其灵敏度、特异性、均一性和稳定性等相关指标.实验结果表明:聚苯乙烯微孔板经Co60辐照(最优剂量为8×105rad)后,可明显改善酶联免疫法的测定效果,检测灵敏度和均一性均有显著提高.

Co^(60)γ诱变处理油茶的光合特性研究

为了解经Co^(60)γ诱变处理的油茶光合特性,本文对诱变后的油茶净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_2浓度、水分利用率等光合日变化参数进行测定和对比分析。结果表明:诱变处理后的净光合速率、胞间CO_2浓度变化均较对照组有所增强,二者的变化规律基本一致。蒸腾速率的变化趋势、水分利用率变化趋势与对照组也基本一致。同时,诱变处理后油茶光响应曲线是y=0.026x-0.421,其光响应拟合曲线的R^2为0.987。

直线加速器6MVX线和远距离Co^(60)对鼻咽癌治疗效果的前瞻性研究

目的 比较直线加速器产生的 6 MVX线与 Co6 0 γ射线治疗鼻咽癌的近期疗效与急性放射性损伤。方法 对 2 0 0例鼻咽癌患者随机分为 6 MVX线治疗组及 Co6 0 治疗组 ,两组设野范围、放射剂量一致 ,观察疗效和副反应。结果 2 0 0例中失访 1 5例 ,随访率 92 .5 %。 6 MVX线组与 Co6 0组两组肿瘤完全缓解率无明显差异 (P=0 .2 4 1 )。两组 2年生存率分别为 85 .71 %及 90 .0 %。 (P=0 .73) ;2年局部控制率为 89.4 7%及 93.75 % (P=0 .38) ,均无显著性差异 ;6 MVX线产生的急性放射性口腔炎及皮炎等副反应较 Co6 0大 (P=0 .0 5 3)。结论 高能加速器产生的 6 MVX线与 Co6 0 治疗鼻咽癌 ,两组近期疗效相仿 ;6 MVX线产生的急性放射反应较 Co6 0

组织培养结合Co^(60)r射线诱变在咖啡育种中运用初探

M_0代胚状体在去分化培养基中能产生M_1代愈伤组织。愈伤组织形成的频率在15000r以内时基本不变,在15000r以上时开始下降,但下降速度缓慢,至35000r时仍保持66.7％。相比之下,愈伤组织的质量受剂量的影响较大,剂量在7000r以上时,所产生的愈伤组织质量明显劣化。M_1代愈伤组织被转到分化培养基上时能产生M_2代胚状体,同时也反常地产生了M_2代愈伤组织。M_0代胚状体在增殖培养基上存活率及增殖率,均在7000r以上时受到明显的影响。

Mutagenic Effect of ^(60)Co γ-rays Irradiation on Turf Characteristics of Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the mutagenic effect of 60 Co γ-rays irradiation on turf characteristics of Buchloe dactyloides （Nutt.） Engelm. [Method] Buffalo grass were irradiated with 60 Co γ-rays at five different radiation intensities （1 200, 1 400, 1 600, 1 800, 2 000 Gy） to determine the related turf characteristics and analyze the mutagenic effect of 60 Co γ-rays at different radiation intensities on buffalo grass. [Result] Germination rates of buffalo grass irradiated by different radiation intensities of 60 Co γ-rays varied inconsistently, and the root length and bud length were shorter than the control; compared with the control, the height of irradiated seedlings was significantly reduced, and the number of tillers, plant height, leaf length and leaf blade width were smaller than the control; however, the stolon length, stolon diameter and number of stolon nods had no significant difference compared with the control. [Conclusion] This study laid foundation for determining the appropriate radiation intensity of 60 Co γ-rays and selecting useful mutants of buffalo grass.

Co^(60)照射在链霉素产生菌选育中的应用

以灰色链霉菌1394#为出发菌株,用Co60照射诱变,获得菌株563#。在最适发酵条件下,菌株563#的发酵效价比出发菌株提高14.85%。

Co^(60)γ射线诱变苦荞麦M_1性状表现研究

采用Co^(60)γ射线400Gy、500Gy、600Gy对九江苦荞等4个苦荞麦品种的干种子进行辐射处理,考查M_1株高、茎粗、一级分枝数、主茎节数、饱粒数、单株粒重等6个性状,并对不同材料和不同辐射剂量对苦荞麦M_1性状表现进行二因素方差分析,结果表明：不同品种之间M_1性状差异不明显,但随着诱变剂量增加,性状表现受到影响程度加强,差异明显。

Preparation and Characterization of Fe3O4 Magnetic Nano-particles by ^（60）Co γ-ray Irradiation

By using a new method, ^60Co γ-ray irradiation, Fe3O4 magnetic nano-particles were successfully synthesized at room temperature under ambient pressure. The structure, morphology and magnetic properties of these nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscope （TEM） and vibrating sample magnetometer （VSM）, respectively. The radiation formation mechanism was also discussed. The results show that the absorbed dose can greatly influence the structure, morphology and magnetic properties of the products. XRD and TEM studies show that the product prepared by γ-ray irradiation （10 kGy） is pure FesO4 phase and the mean diameter of these nano-particles is about 21 nm. The Fe3O4 nano-particles synthesized by γ-ray irradiation （10 kGy） are mainly in small cubic shape and the size uniformity of these particles is good.

Differential Expression of Retrotransposon WIS 2-1A Response to Vacuum, Low-Energy N^+ Implantation and ^(60)Coγ-ray Irradiation in Wheat

Mutagenesis and retrotransposons have a close relationship, but little attention has been paid yet to the activity of retrotransposons produced by physical mutagens. The variation of retrotransposon WIS 2-1A activity in wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） embryos at three different growth times （30 h, 45 h and 60 h） was investigated after they had been treated with N^＋ implantation in a vacuum of 5× 10^-2 Pa and irradiation by ^60Coγ-ray respectively. For each of the three growth times the expression of WIS 2-1A showed almost entirely a same trend of downregulation, upregulation, then downregulation, and upregulation again with the increase in dose of N^＋ implantation, but the expression appeared irregular with the increase in irradiation of ^60Coγ-ray. In conclusion, the acutely activating effect of WIS 2-1A stimulated by vacuum and high dose N^＋ implantation within a shorter incubation time may provide a convenient tool to advance the research on mutagenic breeding and function genes.

Co^60照射对萘普生钠缓释片释放度影响

目的：探讨Co^60照射是否对萘普生钠缓释片释放度产生影响。方法：比较Co^60照射前后该药的紫外吸收光谱。结果：Co^60照射前后该药的紫外吸收光谱无明显差异，含量及6h的释放度也无明显差异(P>0．05)，但照射前后其在30min，2h的释放度存在显著性差异(P<0．01)。结论：Co^60照射对萘普生钠缓释片释放度的影响。

Acoustic Trauma of Guinea Pigs Caused by ^(60) Cobalt γ-Ray

Auditory cortical cvokod rcsponse(ACER) and auditory brainstom cvoked response (ABR) were recorded in guinea pigs before and after irradiation of ^(60)Co γ-ray. A single dose of irradiation on head was 90Gy and 70Gy in two groups, respectively. Two h after irradiation. the threshold shift was 12. 5 dB and 9 dB, and the ACER post-irradiation amplitude ex- ceeded the maximum pre-irradiation value by 20% and 37%. Six h after irradiation, the threshold shift increased to 37 dB and the maximum amplitnde decreased to the level of pre-irradiation in 70Gy-group. In another group, right auditory bulla arca was irradiated with a total dose of 45Gy in a course of six fractions/two weeks. Fourteen d after irradiation, the threshold shift of ABR was 118 dB and the latency of wave I was longer. The amplitude-intensity curve was after irradiation. Histological observation using scanning showed that only outer hair- cells in the basal coil of the cochlea were 6 h after irrdiation 50Gy-group. Bul 16 h later, outer, hair cells in all coils of the cochlea were found to be destroyed extensively and inner cells were destroyed slightly. In 45Gy-group, 14 d after irradiation, outer hair cells in all coils of the cochlea were damaged and no inmer hair cell was injured severely.

The effects of ^(60)Co γ-ray irradiation on the DC characteristics of enhancement-mode AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors

The effects of ^60Co γ-ray irradiation on the DC characteristics of AlGaN/GaN enhancement-mode high-electron- mobility transistors （E-mode HEMTs） are investigated. The results show that having been irradiated by^60Co γ-rays at a dose of 3 Mrad （Si）, the E-mode HEMT reduces its saturation drain current and maximal transconductance by 6% and 5%, respectively, and significantly increases both forward and reverse gate currents, while its threshold voltage is affected only slightly. The obvious performance degradation of E-mode A1GaN/GaN HEMTs is consistent with the creation of electronegative surface state charges in the source-gate spacer and gate-drain spacer after being irradiated.

^(60)Coγ射线辐照和EMS处理对火龙果成活率及幼苗生长的影响

采用不同剂量的^(60)Coγ射线辐照火龙果枝条,结果表明,枝条的成活率随辐照剂量的增加而降低,白肉火龙果枝条的适宜辐照范围为5446.6～6060.1Rad,红肉火龙果枝条的适宦辐照范围为4444.1～4981.7Rad,粉红火龙果枝条的适宜辐照范围为5069.1～5601.0Rad;辐照处理抑制了火龙果幼苗的生长,且辐照剂量越大,对火龙果幼苗的生长抑制作用越明显。采用不同浓度的EMS溶液处理火龙果嫩芽,结果发现,芽的成活率随EMS浓度增加和处理时间延长而逐渐减小,适宜EMS诱变的浓度范围为0.34～0.41mol/L;随EMS浓度增加和处理时间的延长,火龙果幼苗的高生长也明显受到抑制。

C_O^(60)—r射线在茶叶中的研究现状

自1895年发现 x—射线以来,就开始了辐射线对生物的作用的研究。但电离射线应用于生物研究则是20世纪以来的事情,最早是1927年美国人穆勒(H·J·Maller)用果蝇做试验发现 x 射线能引起生物遗传性的变异。此后。

^(60)Co-γRay射线诱变水稻突变体的分离和遗传学初步分析

为了研究水稻发育的分子机制,我们利用γ射线对粳稻品种9522进行诱变,共诱变了3 000 g种子,M1代单株收种,M2代移栽5 963个株系于上海农科院.在M2代中筛选突变体,并在M3代中复选,最终得到了叶、株型育性等各类形态突变体666份.对其中162株突变体进行了遗传分析,有53.61%的突变体出现3∶1的分离,这些突变体是隐性的单位点突变.同时,这些突变体的分离也为水稻功能基因分离和功能鉴定等研究打下了良好的基础,并为水稻发育的研究提供了宝贵的材料.