Event-triggered sampling and fault-tolerant control co-design based on fault diagnosis observer

A co-design scheme of event-triggered sampling mechanism and active fault tolerant control(FTC) is developed. Firstly,a fault diagnosis observer is designed to estimate both the fault and the state simultaneously by using the event-triggered sampled output. Some H∞constraints between the estimation errors and the event-triggered sampling mechanism are established to ensure the estimation accuracy. Then, based on the constraints and the obtained fault information, an event-triggered detector and a static fault tolerant controller are co-designed to guarantee the stability of the faulty system and to reduce the sensor communication cost.Furthermore, the problem of the event detector and dynamic FTC co-design is also investigated. Simulation results of an unstable batch reactor are finally provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

An Internet-enabled Integration of Concurrent Engineering with Co-design

In this paper,the Web-based integration methodology and framework have been developed to facilitate collabora- tive and concurrent engineering design in distributed manufacturing environments.The distributed concurrent engineering and co- design are discussed as key components in the mechanism.The related integration system is presented,which includes four function- al modules:co-design,Web-based visualization,manufacturing analysis and look-up service.It can be used for a design team geo- graphically distributed to organize a collaborative and concurrent engineering design effectively.In particular,the collaborative mechanism incorporated with Java-based and Internet-enabled technologies can generate extended strategies for design and planning. Thus,the proposed integration architecture enables the system to be generic,open and scalable.Finally,for the trend of global manufacturing,a case study of Internet-enabled collaborative optimization is introduced and a discussion on teamwork capability is made.

Broadband Sequential Load-Modulated Balanced Amplifier Using Coupler-PA Co-Design Approach

The basic theory of the sequential load-modulated balanced amplifier(SLMBA)is introduced and the working principle of its active load modulation is analyzed in this paper.In order to further improve the performance of the SLMBA,a codesigned method of the coupler and power amplifier(PA)is proposed,which is different from the traditional design of couplers.According to the back-off point and saturation point of the SLMBA,this coupler-PA codesign approach can make the working state of the coupler and three-way PA closer to the actual situation,which improves the overall performance of the SLMBA.The maximum output power ratio of the control PA and the balance PA is then determined by the preset output power back-off(OBO)of 10 dB,and the phase compensation line is determined by the trace of the load modulation impedance of the balanced PA.In order to verify the proposed method,an SLMBA operating at 1.5–2.7 GHz(57%relative bandwidth)is designed.The layout simulation results show that its saturated output powers achieve 40.7–43.7 dBm and the small signal gains are 9.7–12.4 dB.Besides,the drain efficiencies at the saturated point and 10 dB OBO point are 52.7%–73.7%and 44.9%–59.2%respectively.

Inclusive Architecture:Digital Technologies,Co-design and Qualification of the Project Process

This article presents the scenario of programming use by architects and engineers,creating their own unique tools.The goal is to emulate and understand the phenomenon of Building Information Modeling(BIM)software customization by developing plug-ins that can explore the human-environment relationship.Demonstrate the process for building a plugin that seeks to equalize the theory of accessibility technical standards,visually impaired and architects.Use Design Science Research methodologies to guide the construction of artifacts for specific practical problems and the Collaborative Design/Co-design to understand and know the users’expertise.It is argued that the low quality of projects that include elements for the orientation of the visually impaired in Brazil is often related to an unstructured methodology in which important aspects such as the real needs of this group and the human-environment relationship are neglected.

Kinetic Energy Harvesting Toward Battery-Free IoT:Fundamentals,Co-Design Necessity and Prospects

Energy harvesting(EH)technology is developed with the purpose of harnessing ambient energy in different physical forms.Although the available ambient energy is usually tiny,not comparable to the centralized power generation,it brings out the convenience of onsite power generation by drawing energy from local sources,which meets the emerging pow⁃er demand of long-lasting,extensively-deployed,and maintenance-free Internet of Things(IoT).Kinetic energy harvesting(KEH)is one of the most promising EH solutions toward the realization of battery-free IoT.The KEH-based battery-free IoT can be extensively deployed in the smart home,smart building,and smart city scenarios,enabling perceptivity,intelli⁃gence,and connectivity in many infrastructures.This paper gives a brief introduction to the configurations and basic principles of practical KEH-IoT systems,including their mechani⁃cal,electrical,and computing parts.Although there are already a few commercial products in some specific application markets,the understanding and practice in the co-design and optimization of a single KEH-IoT device are far from mature,let alone the conceived multia⁃gent energy-autonomous intelligent systems.Future research and development of the KEHIoT system beckons for more exchange and collaboration among mechanical,electrical,and computer engineers toward general design guidelines to cope with these interdisciplinary en⁃gineering problems.

An FPGA-Based HOG Accelerator with HW/SW Co-Design for Human Detection and Its Application to Crowd Density Estimation

Human detection is important in many applications and has attracted significant attention over the last decade. The Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG) as effective local descriptors are used with binary sliding window mechanism to achieve good detection performance. However, the computation of HOG under such framework is about billion times and the pure software implementation for HOG computation is hard to meet the real-time requirement. This study proposes a hardware architecture called One-HOG accelerator operated on FPGA of Xilinx Spartan-6 LX-150T that provides an efficient way to compute HOG such that an embedded real-time platform of HW/SW co-design for application to crowd estimation and analysis is achieved. The One-HOG accelerator mainly consists of gradient module and histogram module. The gradient module is for computing gradient magnitude and orientation;histogram module is for generating a 36-D HOG feature vector. In addition to hardware realization, a new method called Histograms-of-Oriented-Gradients AdaBoost Long-Feature-Vector (HOG-AdaBoost-LFV) human classifier is proposed to significantly decrease the number of times to compute the HOG without sacrificing detection performance. The experiment results from three static image and four video datasets demonstrate that the proposed SW/HW (software/hardware) co-design system is 13.14 times faster than the pure software computation of Dalal algorithm.

Co-Design and Trust in Social Network’s Websites

This research is focused on internet shoppers co-design, individual tendency of trust, trust belief, and purchase intention. An online questionnaire was set out in survey form on Google Docs in or-der to collect data. The survey was conducted of participants in Mongolia. 236 usable responses were obtained from Mongolian potential customers in order to examine constructs. The findings suggest that co-design and individual tendency of trust have significant positive effect on the trust levels throughout intention to purchase.

Co-design in Public Spaces for Children:The Design Process of a Pocket Park

The active participation of users in the Design Process(DP)in architecture is a collective action,which aims to meet their real needs.In terms of open spaces for children,squares and playgrounds become leisure spaces known for being places of coexistence,interaction and entertainment.However,the vast majority of children’s environments are planned and organized considering the perceptions and experiences of adults.Children become absent from the process of building the contemporary city.Co-design is an important tool for adding users to DP.The objective of this work is,therefore,to include children in the DP of a Pocket Park,using methods and tools to support co-design.The work was structured based on bibliographic review,Focus Group,Culture Maker and Digital Fabrication.The research indicated that the collaborative project promotes assertive communication between children and designers,welcoming their ideas and perceptions in a flexible way.

Co-design for an SoC embedded network controller

With the development of Ethernet systems and the growing capacity of modern silicon technology, embedded communication networks are playing an increasingly important role in embedded and safety critical systems. Hardware/software co-design is a methodology for solving design problems in processor based embedded systems. In this work, we implemented a new 1-cycle pipeline microprocessor and a fast Ethernet transceiver and established a low cost, high performance embedded network controller, and designed a TCP/IP stack to access the Internet. We discussed the hardware/software architecture in the forepart, and then the whole system-on-a-chip on Altera Stratix EP1S25F780C6 device. Using the FPGA environment and SmartBit tester, we tested the system’s throughput. Our simulation results showed that the maximum throughput of Ethernet packets is up to 7 Mbps, that of UDP packets is up to 5.8 Mbps, and that of TCP packets is up to 3.4 Mbps, which showed that this embedded system can easily transmit basic voice and video signals through Ethernet, and that using only one chip can realize that many electronic devices access to the Internet directly and get high performance.

Routing and scheduling co-design for holistic software-defined deterministic network

As a result of the growing complexity of industrial Internet applications,traditional hardware-based network designs are encountering challenges in terms of programmability and dynamic adaptability as they struggle to meet the real-time,high-reliability transmission requirements for the vast quantities of data generated in industrial environments.This paper proposes a holistic software-defined deterministic network(HSDDN)design solution.This solution uses a centralized controller to implement a comprehensive software definition,ranging from the network layer down to the physical layer.Within the wireless access domain,we decouple the standard radio-frequency modules from baseband processing to realize a software-defined physical layer,which then allows us to adjust the data transmission cycles and tag the trigger rates to meet demand for low-power,high-concurrency transmission.Within the wired network domain,we integrate software-defined networking with time-sensitive networking and propose a coordinated design strategy to address routing and the deterministic scheduling problem.We define a set of constraints to ensure collaborative transmission of the periodic and aperiodic data flows.To guarantee load balancing across all paths and timeslots,we introduce the Jain’s fairness index as the optimization objective and then construct a nondeterministic polynomial-time(NP)-hard joint optimization problem.Furthermore,an algorithm called Tabu search for routing and scheduling with dual-stages(TSRS-DS)is proposed.Simulation experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed HSDDN architecture.

社会创新中的服务设计方法应用

探究社会创新理念和服务设计在推动社区群体共创中的系统模式和创新思路。基于服务设计的思维方法,对社区创新的服务要素进行分析和梳理,提炼出群体价值、协调机制和服务关系等3个创新关键。系统连接和驱动城市居民、群体、组织参与共创行动,构建“以社区为中心”“协同参与”的服务网络,提升社区抵御风险和化解问题的能力。结论从理论研究到设计实践,探索在地居民群体价值认同的社区生活方式,提出构建动态的、可持续的城市社区服务新方案。

高性能自研处理器物理设计频率提升方法

提升处理器核的频率是提升处理器性能的重要手段.传统的物理设计流程难以实现高主频的处理器核.基于业界主流的布局布线工具,通过嵌入手工定制部件的网表、逻辑和物理设计协同优化、优化定制布线规则、优化物理设计方法学等组合策略.在相同工艺、面积、功耗对等条件下,达到流片签核要求时,自研处理器核物理设计频率比原始设计可提升约30%.

城市冗余空间景观设施设计探析

考虑当代城市社区居民结构的多元化以及休闲活动的随机性和自发性,研究以人文关怀为视角,关注城市公共空间的微观层面,以及多元主体的使用需求和感官体验,倡导自下而上的设计方法,鼓励公众自发地、自主地参与景观设施与城市家具设计活动,研究结果表明:对待“自发秩序”要采取折中路线,为设计师场地的意义发掘和辨识提供表征和脉络,营造出共谋、共建、共治、共享的城市公共景观,从而培养年轻一代城市居民的文化认同感。

汽车薄壁保险杠蒙皮材料特性分析与服役性能研究

目的优化薄壁保险杠蒙皮材料的力学性能,评价薄壁保险杠蒙皮的服役性能。方法以纳米碳酸钙(nano-CaCO_(3))、蒙脱土(MMT)和氢化苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS)为添加剂对PP进行协同改性。采用双螺杆挤压机制备PP/SEBS/nano-CaCO_(3)和PP/SEBS/MMT共混材料,研究刚性粒子与SEBS对薄壁注塑用聚丙烯(PP)的强韧协同效应。研究无机填料/弹性体协同改性作用对薄壁注塑用聚丙烯结晶行为、力学性能与微观结构的影响规律。建立薄壁注塑用聚丙烯保险杠蒙皮有限元仿真模型,通过多个工况有限元仿真和实验来评价薄壁保险杠蒙皮的服役性能。结果共混材料的结晶度相比PP/SEBS提高了1.2%~7.3%,结晶温度未产生显著变化;nano-CaCO_(3)质量分数为4%的PP/SEBS/nano-CaCO_(3)综合性能最好。仿真结果表明,薄壁保险杠蒙皮具有较好的服役性能,并且通过实验验证了该评价方法的有效性。结论薄壁保险杠蒙皮材料可以通过共混改性达到理想的刚韧平衡效果,基于材料性能-成形质量-服役性能的方法为高效设计薄壁汽车保险杠蒙皮提供了新途径。

生成式AI模型人智共创中的对齐问题研究

目的以人工智能对齐的视角,探讨在人智共创中生成式AI模型如何对齐设计师的意图。方法通过要素分析,以人工智能对齐问题中的可解释性与可控性为研究视角,探讨生成式AI技术作为辅助设计工具如何对齐设计求解过程中“探索-创新-评估”三个设计阶段的具体意图与需求,并分析对齐阶段中需要解决的对齐问题。结果根据对齐阶段的任务构建基于人智设计概念表征交互式对齐方法、表征拓展方法与表征评估方法。结论在三个对齐阶段中分别构建意图对齐、设计空间拓展和设计规则匹配这三种方法,帮助设计师构建可控、可解释的人智共创方法,从而构建可控、可信的人智共创。

校企共建教学云平台设计与实现:云计算技术的视角

教学云平台作为时代发展的产物,不仅打破了学科壁垒和时空限制,还显著拓宽了校企合作的广度和效度,有助于实现校企共建共育,共同打造德才兼备的优秀人才。与其他的教学平台相比较,校企共建的教学云平台具有得天独厚的优势,具体体现在成本、资源、效率和安全上。在共建过程中,学校和企业需要理顺建设思路,明确平台设计思想,从宏观角度精心设计平台系统模型,结合该平台的综合性和整体性进行科学分层,清晰界定各个模块功能。同时,借鉴已有的平台运作经验着力解决平台管理问题,最终实现终极育人目标。

交互记忆系统视角下顾客参与共同设计对定制企业价值共创效果的影响

为探索定制企业如何基于顾客的共同设计实现价值共创,基于交互记忆系统理论,刻画“顾客参与的虚拟团队”中交互记忆系统的行为特征,并将企业的协同型顾客敏捷性和产品适应性创新作为价值共创效果的衡量,构建顾客参与共同设计对价值共创效果影响的研究模型。采用问卷调研法获取了304份有效的定制企业样本。研究表明:顾客的认知参与、情感参与对交互记忆系统的行为特征具有积极影响;交互记忆系统的3个行为特征,即专业性、可信性、协调性,对价值共创效果具有积极影响,企业的吸收能力在此过程中产生正向的调节作用。

基于SRAM缓存和存内计算的低功耗关键词唤醒系统

为了解决关键词唤醒算法部署在边缘计算硬件会带来较高功耗、给电池驱动的设备带来续航挑战的问题,提出了一种基于存内计算技术和软硬件协同优化的低功耗关键词唤醒系统。在算法层面,基于标准MFCC算法拓扑结构提出了一种三值量化MFCC-CNN联合算法,将MFCC中的全部通用矩阵乘映射到神经网络加速器当中。在电路层面,提出了一种基于SRAM的存内计算核心,用于解决传统冯·诺依曼架构加速器存在的功耗墙和存储墙问题。同时通过复用存内计算核心的SRAM存储功能提出了一种基于查找表实现的缓存电路,用于替代寄存器延迟链电路。SRAM存内计算核心和SRAM缓存电路均采用定制单元实现。在系统层面,基于以上2种定制电路设计了一种低功耗关键词唤醒系统。该系统采用ASIC与定制化电路设计流程设计,并使用28 nm CMOS工艺库对该设计进行了ASIC综合,在250 kHz下,关键词唤醒系统运行10分类任务的延迟是64 ms,整体功耗为645.28μW,其中MFCC流水线的动态功耗占总动态功耗的5.9%,总功耗仅占系统功耗的1.3%。

An efficient GPU-based parallel tabu search algorithm for hardware/software co-design

Hardware/software partitioning is an essential step in hardware/software co-design.For large size problems,it is difficult to consider both solution quality and time.This paper presents an efficient GPU-based parallel tabu search algorithm(GPTS)for HW/SW partitioning.A single GPU kernel of compacting neighborhood is proposed to reduce the amount of GPU global memory accesses theoretically.A kernel fusion strategy is further proposed to reduce the amount of GPU global memory accesses of GPTS.To further minimize the transfer overhead of GPTS between CPU and GPU,an optimized transfer strategy for GPU-based tabu evaluation is proposed,which considers that all the candidates do not satisfy the given constraint.Experiments show that GPTS outperforms state-of-the-art work of tabu search and is competitive with other methods for HW/SW partitioning.The proposed parallelization is significant when considering the ordinary GPU platform.

Multidisciplinary co-design optimization of structural and control parameters for bucket wheel reclaimer

Bucket wheel reclaimer(BWR)is an extremely complex engineering machine that involves multiple disciplines,such as structure,dynamics,and electromechanics.The conventional design strategy,namely,sequential strategy,is structural design followed by control optimization.However,the global optimal solution is difficult to achieve because of the discoordination of structural and control parameters.The co-design strategy is explored to address the aforementioned problem by combining the structural and control system design based on simultaneous dynamic optimization approach.The radial basis function model is applied for the planning of the rotation speed considering the relationships of subsystems to minimize the energy consumption per volume.Co-design strategy is implemented to resolve the optimization problem,and numerical results are compared with those of sequential strategy.The dynamic response of the BWR is also analyzed with different optimization strategies to evaluate the advantages of the strategies.Results indicate that co-design strategy not only can reduce the energy consumption of the BWR but also can achieve a smaller vibration amplitude than the sequential strategy.