Surfactant flooding is one of the common tertiary method to recover remaining oil in the reservoir, byreducing the interfacial tension (IFT) between two immiscible fluids nevertheless, current surfactantforms emulsion...Surfactant flooding is one of the common tertiary method to recover remaining oil in the reservoir, byreducing the interfacial tension (IFT) between two immiscible fluids nevertheless, current surfactantforms emulsion and difficult to achieve ultra-low IFT between the water and oil without addition of cosurfactant. In this research, two types of anionic lignosulphonate-based surfactants, Sodium Lignosulphonate (SLS) and Calcium Lignosulphonate (CLS) are chosen as co-surfactant. The main surfactantused in this project is the common anionic surfactant, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) at a fixed concentration of 4 mmol/l. Each type of co-surfactant with different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and2.0 wt %) was mixed with 4 mmol/L of SDS at each test tube to create the surfactant solution. The result ofthe experiment showed that at 0.5 wt % for SLS and CLS surfactant solution, the contact angle of oil tosurface lowered down with a reduction of 6° and 7° respectively. This indicate that the system will bemore water-wet which the oil droplet will be less adhesive to the rock surface. In conclusion, by using theoptimum concentration of 0.5 wt % lignosulphonate as co-surfactant is able to alter the wettability ofrocks and it is recommended to test the biological-based co-surfactant at increasing temperature as analternative to enhance the surfactant flooding performance which improves the oil recovery.展开更多
Temperature dependent phase behavior of Pseudo-ternary Thiourea X-100 + 1-hexanol (1:5 molar ratios)/oil/water systems is reported. The influence of nature of hydrocarbon oil and type of electrolytes (weak as well as ...Temperature dependent phase behavior of Pseudo-ternary Thiourea X-100 + 1-hexanol (1:5 molar ratios)/oil/water systems is reported. The influence of nature of hydrocarbon oil and type of electrolytes (weak as well as strong) has been investigated on the temperature induced phase behavior of the ternary system. At surfactant concentration, Φs = 40%, a “nose shaped” microemulsion region is observed. Below one-phase microemulsion region, Lα phase appears. The presence of NaCl decreases the domain size of 1Φ micellar region whereas oxalic acid first decreases the domain below Φw 18 in the lower boundry of the phase diagram. The critical weight fraction of water, Φwcri decreases in presence of both electrolytes. However, Φwmax increases in presence of oxalic acid and remains constant in presence of NaCl as compared to salt free system. Furthermore, when cyclohexane was replaced by a longer straight chain hydrocarbon, dodecane, the domain of the one-phase microemulsion region is tremendously increased.展开更多
文摘Surfactant flooding is one of the common tertiary method to recover remaining oil in the reservoir, byreducing the interfacial tension (IFT) between two immiscible fluids nevertheless, current surfactantforms emulsion and difficult to achieve ultra-low IFT between the water and oil without addition of cosurfactant. In this research, two types of anionic lignosulphonate-based surfactants, Sodium Lignosulphonate (SLS) and Calcium Lignosulphonate (CLS) are chosen as co-surfactant. The main surfactantused in this project is the common anionic surfactant, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) at a fixed concentration of 4 mmol/l. Each type of co-surfactant with different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and2.0 wt %) was mixed with 4 mmol/L of SDS at each test tube to create the surfactant solution. The result ofthe experiment showed that at 0.5 wt % for SLS and CLS surfactant solution, the contact angle of oil tosurface lowered down with a reduction of 6° and 7° respectively. This indicate that the system will bemore water-wet which the oil droplet will be less adhesive to the rock surface. In conclusion, by using theoptimum concentration of 0.5 wt % lignosulphonate as co-surfactant is able to alter the wettability ofrocks and it is recommended to test the biological-based co-surfactant at increasing temperature as analternative to enhance the surfactant flooding performance which improves the oil recovery.
文摘Temperature dependent phase behavior of Pseudo-ternary Thiourea X-100 + 1-hexanol (1:5 molar ratios)/oil/water systems is reported. The influence of nature of hydrocarbon oil and type of electrolytes (weak as well as strong) has been investigated on the temperature induced phase behavior of the ternary system. At surfactant concentration, Φs = 40%, a “nose shaped” microemulsion region is observed. Below one-phase microemulsion region, Lα phase appears. The presence of NaCl decreases the domain size of 1Φ micellar region whereas oxalic acid first decreases the domain below Φw 18 in the lower boundry of the phase diagram. The critical weight fraction of water, Φwcri decreases in presence of both electrolytes. However, Φwmax increases in presence of oxalic acid and remains constant in presence of NaCl as compared to salt free system. Furthermore, when cyclohexane was replaced by a longer straight chain hydrocarbon, dodecane, the domain of the one-phase microemulsion region is tremendously increased.
