Sources and distribution of particulate organic carbon in Great Wall Cove and Ardley Cove, King George Island, West Antarctica

Concentrations of chlorophyll-a（Chl-a）, particulate organic carbon（POC） and its stable carbon isotope composition（δ13C） were analyzed to investigate the biogeochemical characteristics and sources of POC in Great Wall Cove（GWC） and Ardley Cove（AC） during the austral summer. POC concentrations ranged from 50.51 to 115.41 μg·L^-1（mean±1 standard deviation： 77.69±17.27 μg·L^-1） in GWC and from 63.42 to 101.79 μg·L^-1（82.67±11.83 μg·L^-1） in AC. The POC δ13C ranged from-30.83‰ to-26.12‰（-27.40‰±0.96‰） in GWC and from-28.21‰ to-26.65‰（-27.45‰±0.47‰） in AC. The temperature and salinity results showed distinct runoff signals in both GWC and AC, although the δ13C data and POC distribution indicate a negligible influence of land sources upon POC. The δ13C values suggest that POC is of predominantly marine origin. The POC/Chl-a ratio and the relationship between POC and Chl-a indicate that phytoplankton, organic detritus and heterotrophic organisms are significant contributors to POC in GWC and AC.

美国Cove Fort-Sulphurdale地热区地震震源机制和各向异性研究

Cove Fort-Sulphurdale位于美国犹他州中西部,是一个地质特征独特的地热资源富集区.为了有效开发地热资源,有必要了解该地区的应力分布和裂缝分布.本文在前人工作的基础上使用地震资料,利用波形匹配、P波极性和横纵波振幅比联合约束反演的方法,研究该地区地震的震源机制解;同时结合该地区的横波分裂分析研究,确定该地区的应力分布和断层/裂隙走向.波形反演结果显示,实际数据与模拟数据的波形匹配度非常高,且二者的P波初动极性和横纵波振幅比也都非常相近.由震源机制分析得出的断层面走向大部分趋于南北向,与美国区域应力图显示的最大水平主应力指向(南北方向),具有较好的一致性,符合目前研究对该地区的构造认知.横波分裂分析结果也表明如果各向异性主要是由该地区的断裂构造所引起,那么该地区的主要断层或裂缝的方向可能为南北向.

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt with covered stents for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis

AIM: To evaluate transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS) with covered stents for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) with main portal vein tumor thrombus(PVTT). METHODS: Eleven advanced HCC patients(all male, aged 37-78 years, mean: 54.3 ± 12.7 years) presented with acute massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding(n = 9) or refractory ascites(n = 2) due to tumor thrombus in the main portal vein. The diagnosis of PVTT was based on contrast-enhanced computed tomography and color Doppler sonography. The patients underwent TIPS with covered stents. Clinical characteristics and average survival time of 11 patients were analyzed. Portal vein pressure was assessed before and after TIPS. The follow-up period was 2-18 mo. RESULTS: TIPS with covered stents was successfully completed in all 11 patients. The mean portal vein pressure was reduced from 32.0 to 11.8 mmHg(t = 10.756, P = 0.000). Gastrointestinal bleeding was stopped in nine patients. Refractory ascites completely disappeared in one patient and was alleviated in another. Hepatic encephalopathy was observed in six patients and was resolved with drug therapy. During the follow-up, ultrasound indicated the patency of the shunt and there was no recurrence of symptoms. Death occurred 2-14 mo(mean: 5.67 mo) after TIPS in nine cases, which were all due to multiple organ failure. In the remaining two cases, the patients were still alive at the 16- and 18-mo follow-up, respectively. CONCLUSION: TIPS with covered stents for HCC patients with tumor thrombus in the main portal vein is technically feasible, and short-term efficacy is favorable.

排队管理在酒店行业的运用——以澳洲Couran Cove Island Resort为例

现今,消费者最为关注的是时间,他们不愿意花过长的时间去等待。因此,在服务行业,排队管理被认为是体现服务质量最重要的部分之一。在本文中,对排队管理的理论研究将基于前人的一些研究理论,包括:心理方面、队列间的关系、服务质量和成本。同时,在理论研究的基础上,将通过实际案例澳洲Couran Cove Island Resort来分析排队管理在酒店行业的运用。通过在Couran Cove Island Resort工作期间的观察,笔者发现排队时间的问题在餐厅就餐和前台入住高峰期显得尤为突出。因此,基于对理论的研究,笔者将会提出实质性的建议来帮助酒店缓解一定程度上的问题,例如:如何进行菜单管理、如何在客人等候服务的过程中分散客人注意力、如何说服顾客在非高峰期时使用服务和如何提升客人对酒店的感知价值和服务。最后,通过理论和实践的研究,笔者将会阐明排队管理的操作将会直接影响到企业当前和回报的业务。

Effect of Intertidal Elevation at Tsuyazaki Cove,Fukuoka,Japan on Survival Rate of Horseshoe Crab Tachypleus tridentatus Eggs

Physical factors affecting the survival of Tachypleus tridentatus eggs were investigated by translocating their eggs between the high intertidal zone and the low intertidal zone of a known spawning site.The mean egg survival rates per day were highest in the mid intertidal zone(45.1%±25.4%)and the lowest in the low intertidal zone(13.3%±27.6%).Differences in the elevation,air exposure time,and water content of the spawning ground were significant factors determining the egg survival rates.Excessive or insufficient air exposure time resulted in inadequate water content at higher and lower intertidal zones and could reduce egg survival.On the other hand,moderate saturation and dehydration were repeated with each tidal movement in the mid intertidal zone.This dynamic is considered as one of the crucial factors for the survival of eggs and is considered optimal for spawning.Therefore,the protection of the mid intertidal zone is imperative for maximizing the egg survival rate in Tsuyazaki Cove where almost all suitable nesting sites have disappeared due to coastal development.By protecting these optimal sites for spawning and recovering other optimal sites on suitable beaches,a positive contribution can be made to future management and conservation.The study also suggests that translocating eggs from marginal to optimal spawning sites might be a recovery strategy for this globally endangered species.

Assessment of Land Use Land Cover Change Drivers and Its Impacts on above Ground Biomass and Regenerations of Woody Plants: A Case Study at Dire Dawa Administration, Ethiopia

Understanding land use land cover (LULC) change drivers at local scale is vital for development of management strategies to tackle further decline of natural resources. In connection to this, a study was conducted in Dire Dawa administration, Ethiopia to investigate the drivers for change in land use land cover and its impact on above ground biomass and regenerations of woody plants. A total of 160 respondents were selected randomly to collect data on drivers of LULC change. A multistage stratified cluster sampling was used for above ground biomass assessment. Nine sample plots of 10 m × 10 m size in each cluster and a total of 36 sample plots in all clusters were randomly established. In all sample plots, woody plants having >5 cm diameter were measured for their diameter at breast height (DBH), and biomass estimated using allometric equation. The study revealed that, cutting of woody plants for fuel wood and making charcoal, population growth, expansion of cultivated land, drought, settlement areas and livestock ranching are the major six important drivers of LULC change. The study also revealed that, the mean above ground biomass of woody plants in Dire Dawa Administration was 4.94 ton/ha, with maximum and minimum above ground biomass of 6.27 ton/ha and 3.90 ton/ha, respectively. The number of regenerants of tree species was low and only 36% of the plots had tree regenerants. Thus, proper woodland management strategies implementation, land use planning, afforestation and reforestation activities are recommended to minimize unprecedented LULC change in the study area.

THE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY OF THE SEWAGEDISCHARGE AREA OF QINGDAO COVE--ACLADISTIC ANALYSIS

This study on the environmental quality of the Qingdao Cove intertidal zone sewage discharge area is based on data obtained from the December of 1989 and 1990 macrobenthos investigations there, and uses pollution indicator species and computer aided cladistic analysis to divide the area into a polluted area and a semi-polluted area. The study showed the environmental quality in 1990 improved over that in 1989.

Purification of the Popular Rice Variety(Oryza sativa)IR841 in the Municipality of Cove(Benin)

The study of the purification of the popular IR841 rice variety was carried out at the SPRR/CRA-Sud/INRAB experimentation site in the commune of Cove.The objective of this research is to identify the pure strains of the IR841 variety for seed multiplication.To achieve this goal,10 strains from INRAB,Toulou1,Toulou2,AfricaRice,Ouesse,Dangbo,Malanville,Glazoue,Togo and Banterice variety IR841 were collected.The experimental setup is a total randomization.This device has three repetitions.Each repetition includes ten(10)treatments.The results reveal that the strain Toulou1 groups together all the characteristics of the variety IR841,namely:height(Toulou l:98.63±7.47 cm,IR841:100 cm),duration of the seed-heading cycle(Toulou1:83 days,IR841:84 days),length and width of the panicle leaf(Toulou1:31.56 cm±2.58 cm,IR841:33.72 cm)and(Toulou1:1.46 cm±0.04 cm,IR841:1.50 cm),number of tillers per tuft(Toulou1:12.73±1.85,IR841:12).The strain of Toulou2 includes only a part of the characteristics of the variety IR841(semis-épiaison cycle(83 jrs),height of the plants(101.63 cm),length of the panicle leaf(29.92 cm)).Then the strain Toulou1 is characterized by extra-vigorous seedlings,an intermediate pubescence of the leaves,a bifid ligule,an erect port and an erect panicle leaf,the absence of the anthocyanin colouration and especially its homogeneity(absence of off-types)which make it a more or less pure strain which can serve as a multiplication of seed.

玉渊潭公园樱花树下地被植物多样性调查

【目的】筛选出适合樱花树下种植的地被植物,指导北京地区公园樱花树下地被植物选择。【方法】调查北京市玉渊潭公园9个样地樱花树下地被植物的种类、观赏部位、观赏期、生境特点、生活型、面积及株数,并计算多度、频度、盖度和重要值等多样性指标。【结果】结果表明:北京市玉渊潭公园樱花树下共有地被植物23种,隶属13科、23属,其中禾本科6种,菊科5种,旋花科2种,百合科、石竹科、蔷薇科、蓼科、车前科、堇菜科、酢浆草科、马齿苋科、莎草科、桑科各1种植物。除去人工栽植地被外,优势种为车前、蛇莓、蒲公英和酢浆草。【结论】将现有地被植物逐步调整或更换为优势种,新植樱花树选择地被优势种植物种植。

Words for Cover Figure

In recent years, the development of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been challenged by shortages of CHM resources. Genetic diversity analysis of species germplasm resources can provide a theoretical basis for cultivation and breeding and new variety improvement. The research strategies used in the genetic diversity analysis of germplasm resources of CHM are shown in the cover figure.

发射箱后盖构型对箱内初始冲击波形成的影响

为解决某型号发射装置工作过程中箱内冲击波强度不足的问题,采用数值模拟方法,结合动态网格自适应技术,对燃气冲击波开盖技术中涉及到的流动现象和箱内初始冲击波的产生机制进行研究。通过与相关试验结果对比分析验证所提数值方法的精度,以及当前自适应方法在对关心的流场特征,如冲击波阵面、接触间断等,进行动态加密或稀疏时有可靠的性能。以平板型后盖为例(原始设计)详细阐述了箱内冲击波的演化机制,为更好地认识该技术的工作机制提供帮助;进一步对比了穹顶型后盖对箱内冲击波形成的影响。研究结果表明,与平板型后盖相比,采用穹顶型后盖结构后,可影响气流与箱体尾部侧壁撞击时的角度,减缓该位置湍流区域的形成,从而显著提升箱内初始冲击波强度,使作用在前盖上的超压峰值增加约48%。所得研究结果对发射箱总体方案的设计具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。

Seawater nutrient and chlorophyll α distributions near the Great Wall Station, Antarctica

We examined the influences upon nutrient, temperature, salinity and chlorophyll a distributions in Great Wall Cove（GWC） and Ardley Cove（AC）, near the Chinese Antarctic Great Wall Station, using measurements taken in January 2013 and other recent data. Nutrient concentrations were high, with phosphate concentrations of 1.94（GWC） and 1.96（AC） μmol·L-1, DIN（dissolved inorganic nitrogen） concentrations of 26.36（GWC） and 25.94（AC） μmol·L-1 and silicate concentrations of 78.6（GWC） and 79.3（AC） μmol·L-1. However, average concentrations of chlorophyll a were low（1.29 μg·L-1, GWC and 1.08 μg·L-1, AC）, indicating that this region is a high-nutrient and low-chlorophyll（HNLC） area. Nutrient concentrations of freshwater（stream and snowmelt） discharge into GWC and AC in the austral summer are low, meaning freshwater discharge dilutes the nutrient concentrations in the two coves. Strong intrusion of nutrient-rich water from the Bransfield Current in the south was the main source of nutrients in GWC and AC. Low water temperature and strong wind-induced turbulence and instability in the upper layers of the water column were the two main factors that caused the low phytoplankton biomass during the austral summer.

大鹏澳网箱养鱼水体自身污染及富营养化研究

根据1998年8～10月每1次对大亚湾大鹏澳网箱养鱼水体26h定点连续观测,采用国内常用的营养状态质量指数 (INQ))法,并选用COD、TIN、PO4-P和Chla为评指标,分析了各网箱水体的富营养化程度,讨论了A网箱INQ 值的周日变化;用质量平衡法估算了网箱养鱼水体的氮、磷负荷量。分析结果表明,8～10月份各网箱水体营养况状属中营养水平 ;INQ 值的周日变化中 ,高峰出现在12 :00～18:00,各网箱水体富营养化程度随着放养密度的增加而增大,8、9月份最为明显。网箱养鱼的水体的氮、磷负荷从7月至9月逐月增大 ,10月开始下降。

大鹏澳海水鱼类网箱养殖对沉积环境的影响

为了评估大亚湾大鹏澳海水鱼类网箱养殖对养殖区及其邻近海域(对照区)沉积环境的影响,于2001年6月—2004年10月按季度对该养殖海域进行了8个航次的调查。对所获沉积物样品的理化因子按《海洋监测规范》和《海洋调查规范海洋地质地球物理调查》规定的方法进行了分析。结果表明,养殖区和对照区沉积物类型均是黏土质粉砂,没有明显差异;养殖区沉积物含水率、有机碳和硫化物含量平均值分别为60.5%、2.82%和562mg·kg-1,均显著高于对照区的55.8%、2.42%和238mg·kg-(1P<0.05);养殖区底层海水溶解氧(DO)浓度平均值为5.25mg·L-1,显著低于对照区的6.48mg·L-(1P<0.01);养殖区沉积物有机碳、硫化物含量和底层海水DO浓度的超标率(我国适用于海水养殖水域的一类海洋沉积物质量标准和二类海水水质标准)分别为90.9%、100%和62.5%,而对照区的分别为76.2%、14.3%和20.0%;养殖区沉积物有机碳和硫化物含量有明显的季节变化,其特征为春季、夏季>秋季>冬季,而对照区的季节变化均较为稳定,差异不大;养殖区与对照区底层海水DO的季节变化特征基本相似,为冬季>春季>秋季>夏季。海水鱼类网箱养殖已对养殖区沉积环境造成了严重污染,其污染程度的季节变化与养殖生产的季节周期有密切关系。

贵州大洞口内若干动物群落研究

对贵州大洞口内的软体动物、节肢动物和脊椎动物进行了观察和采集 ,共获标本 51 0号 ,隶属 3门 6纲 1 1目 1 7科。且对动物群落进行了研究 ,结果多样性指数最高是群落 A( 2 .1 61 6) ,群落 D的多样性指数则为零 ;相似性指数最高是群落 B-C( 0 .563 2 ) ,而群落 B-D和 C-D两者的相似性指数均为零。此外 ,还对洞穴动物的季节动态和空间分布进行了分析。

大鹏澳养殖区柱状沉积物中氮、磷的分布特征及污染状况研究

为研究海水养殖对海湾沉积物的累积影响,对大亚湾的大鹏澳养殖区沉积物柱状样中总氮、总磷和有机碳的含量及剖面分布特征进行了研究,并探讨了海水养殖区沉积物中氮、磷的污染状况。结果表明,网箱养殖区、贝类养殖区和对照区等3个区域柱状样中总氮的含量范围分别为638.2—3803.9mg·kg-1、740.9—2152.1mg·kg-1和343.2—471.9mg·kg-1,总磷的含量范围分别为344.7—3233.9mg·kg-1、297.9—497.5mg·kg-1和650.2—1327.2mg·kg-1,有机碳的含量范围分别为0.96%—2.22%、0.87%—1.13%和0.69%—0.95%。该三个因子的含量均从底层至表层呈增加趋势,但网箱养殖区上层增加幅度最为剧烈,贝类区次之,对照区变化幅度最小。所有柱状样中,总氮含量均超标,但网箱养殖区总氮污染最为严重,贝类养殖区次之,对照区最轻;网箱养殖区的总磷在上层的不同深度超标,而贝类养殖区及对照区柱状样的总磷含量均未超标。

大鹏澳养殖水域溶解氧的变化及其与生态结构的关系

根据2001年6月至2002年6月大鹏澳网箱养殖水域周年的溶解氧(DO)水平监测数据,阐述网箱养殖区水体DO的水平、季节的变化、垂直变化和网箱养殖水体DO质量评价以及DO与水环境因子的相关性。结果表明,大鹏湾网箱养殖水域DO周年水平为3 86～8 01mg/L,氧饱和度为51 6%～103 6%,养殖水域DO水平低于非养殖水域的;冬、春季DO水平较高,均符合我国渔业水质标准要求。夏季DO水平普遍较低,超标率为95%;表层水DO水平略高于底层水,DO水平超标率分别为46%和66 7%;DO水平(全年)与pH值、盐度、叶绿素水平均呈显著性正相关(P<0 02,n=32),与水温、无机磷和无机氮水平呈显著性负相关(P<0 02,n=32)。其中,在春季相关最为明显。

大鹏澳海水鱼类网箱养殖对水环境的影响

根据2001～2002年对大亚湾大鹏澳海水鱼类网箱养殖海域水环境的监测资料,分析讨论了网箱养殖对水环境的影响.结果表明,该海域水环境质量较好,除夏季溶解氧(DO)和春季的硫化物浓度超第二类海水水质标准情况较严重外(超标率均为62.5%),其他水环境因子一般不超标.养殖区DO和叶绿素a(Chl a)浓度均显著低于对照区(t-test,P＜0.05),而NH4-N和PO4-P浓度则一般高于对照区,其他水环境因子的空间分布差异不大.海水CODMn、BOD5和硫化物主要与网箱养鱼生产季节性强的特点有关;而水温、盐度、透明度、悬浮物、DO和pH的季节变化主要受控于大亚湾亚热带季风气候,NO2-N、NO3-N、DIN、PO4-P和SiO4-Si等营养因子的季节变化主要受降雨和浮游植物的影响,Chl a的季节变化则主要受水温和N∶P比的影响,与网箱养鱼的关系并不明显.

大鹏澳海水鱼类网箱养殖区水环境的时空变化及营养状态分析

通过2009年10月—2010年7月对深圳大亚湾大鹏澳网箱养殖区、网箱外0.5km(对照区1)和网箱外2km(对照区2)等3个区域的现场调查,阐明了海水中温度、盐度、pH、溶解氧(dissolved oxygen,DO),化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,CODMn)、叶绿素a(Chl a)和营养盐等水质因子的时空分布特征及相关性,并评价了海区的营养状态。结果表明,与两个对照区域相比较,大鹏澳网箱养殖对海水中的CODMn、Chl a和SiO3-Si的影响不明显,对DO、pH、PO4-P、NO2-N、NH4-N、总氮(total nitrogen,TN)和总磷(total phosphorus,TP)的影响相对较大,其中对NH4-N的影响已经扩散到了网箱外0.5km区域。网箱养殖区在冬季和春季是中营养水平,而夏季则是富营养水平。总体来说,大鹏澳网箱养殖区水质有恶化的趋势,必须采取一定的有效措施对网箱区环境进行合理调控。

大鹏澳浮游纤毛虫群落与环境因子间的关系

为了解大鹏澳浮游纤毛虫时空分布特征及与环境因子间的关系,于2014年冬季、春季、夏季和秋季对大鹏澳海域进行了浮游纤毛虫的调查,并采用多元分析方法研究了环境因子对其的影响。结果显示,共检出纤毛虫31种,隶属于4纲、8目、18属。纤毛虫平均丰度为1 487个·L-1(10~5 040个·L-1),以砂壳目(Tintinnida)、急游目(Stombidiid)和环毛目(Cyclotrichida)为主。浮游纤毛虫群落结构时空差异较大。浮游纤毛虫丰度在春季最高,冬季最低;种类在夏季最多,春季最少。此外,在鱼类网箱养殖区浮游纤毛虫丰度最高,而在王母河入海口最低。通过冗余分析(redundancy analysis,RDA)发现,大鹏澳浮游纤毛虫群落结构差异主要与水体营养盐水平、温度和叶绿素a含量有关,且在不同季节有不同的主要影响因子。