Expression of Hsp27 and Hsp70 in Lymphocytes and Plasma in Healthy Workers and Coal Miners with Lung Cancer

In coal mines, main occupational hazard is coal-mine dust, which can cause health problem including coal workers’ pneumoconiosis and lung cancer. Some heat shock proteins (Hsps) have been reported as an acute response to a wide variety of stressful stimuli. Whether Hsps protect against chronic environmental coal-mine dust over years is unknown. It is also interesting to know that whether the expression of Hsp27 and Hsp70 proteins as a marker for exposure is associated risk of lung cancer among coal miners. We investigated the association between levels of Hsp27 and Hsp70 expression in lymphocytes and plasma and levels of coal-mine dust exposure in workplace or risk of lung cancer in 42 cancer-free non-coal miners, 99 cancer-free coal miners and 51 coal miners with lung cancer in Taiyuan city in China. The results showed that plasma Hsp27 levels were increased in coal miners compared to non-coal miners (P<0.01). Except high cumulative coal-mine dust exposure (OR=13.62, 95%CI=6.05—30.69) and amount of smoking higher than 24 pack-year (OR=2.72, 95% CI=1.37—5.42), the elevated levels of plasma Hsp70 (OR=13.00, 95% CI=5.14—32.91) and plasma Hsp27 (OR=2.97, 95% CI=1.40—6.32) and decreased expression of Hsp70 in lymphocytes (OR=2.36, 95% CI=1.05—5.31) were associated with increased risk of lung cancer. These findings suggest that plasma Hsp27 may be a potential marker for coal-mine dust exposure. And the expression of Hsp27 and Hsp70 levels in plasma and lymphocytes may be used as biomarkers for lung cancer induced by occupational coal-mine dust exposure.

Optimization design of drilling string by screw coal miner based on ant colony algorithm

It took that the weight minimum and drive efficiency maximal were as double optimizing target,the optimization model had built the drilling string,and the optimization solution was used of the ant colony algorithm to find in progress.Adopted a two-layer search of the continuous space ant colony algorithm with overlapping or variation global ant search operation strategy and conjugated gradient partial ant search operation strat- egy.The experiment indicates that the spiral drill weight reduces 16.77% and transports the efficiency enhance 7.05% through the optimization design,the ant colony algorithm application on the spiral drill optimized design has provided the basis for the system re- search screw coal mine machine.

Causation mechanism of coal miners' human errors in the perspective of life events

In order to effectively decrease the safety accidents caused by coal miners’human errors,this paper probes into the causality between human errors and life events,coping,psychological stress,psychological function,physiological function based on life events’vital influence on human errors,establishing causation mechanism model of coal miners’human errors in the perspective of life events by the researching method of structural equation.The research findings show that life events have significantly positive influence on human errors,with a influential effect value of 0.7945 and a influential effect path of‘‘life events—psychological stress—psychological function—physiological function—human errors’’and‘‘life events—psychological stress—physiological function—human errors’’.

Lead Exposure and Oxidative Stress in Coal Miners

We aimed to investigate the short-term correlation between blood lead levels and oxidative stress generation in coal miners. The study involved 94 male coal miners from the Velenje Coal mine, arranged into four groups： three groups according to the number of consecutive working days, and a fourth control group. Miners who worked for three consecutive days had higher blood levels of lead and 8-isoprostane than the control group（P 〈 0.001）. Correlation between lead and 8-isoprostane was of medium strength（r = 0.512, P 〈 0.001）. Short-term lead environmental exposure can potentially harmful and should be considered when formulating improvements in working processes.

Transformation of inherent and extraneous minerals in feed coals of commercial power stations and their density-separated fractions

The main objective of this work is to relate the coalescence of inherent minerals and the fragmentation of extraneous minerals to the slagging propensities of South African pulverised feed coals during combustion.By incorporating the behaviour of inherent mineral matter or extraneous mineral matter in these coals under combustion conditions into ash-deposition prediction methods,the heterogeneous nature of the ash properties,which were disregarded in previous conventional ash deposition predictions,is considered in the study.The mode of occurrence of mineral matter in feed coals plays a crucial role in the formation of high-temperature mineral phases under combustion conditions.The float and sink fractions of the three different coals evaluated in this distinctive alternative approach provide different chemical and mineralogical properties of the derived ashes when subjected to elevated temperatures under oxidising conditions.Formation of significant concentrations of high-temperature minerals(such as mullite and cristobalite)is mainly due to the transformation reactions of extraneous kaolinite and quartz which are not associated with the extraneous fluxing minerals at elevated temperatures.However,the formation of anorthite at elevated temperatures can be attributed to the interaction of either inherent or extraneous fluxing minerals(namely calcite,dolomite,pyrite,and siderite)that are associated with either inherent or extraneous kaolinite in the coal samples under the oxidising condition.Furthermore,the anorthite,mullite,and calcium/magnesium/iron/aluminosilicate and silica glasses in ashes are formed either via crystallisation during the cooling of the hightemperature molten solution or via the solid state reactions.These high-temperature minerals and their glasses present in ashes can therefore be used as the indicators of the slagging propensity of coals.The implementation of results from this unique case study,will be of great significance to other industrial combustion processes to minimise or control ash deposition,slagging,and equipment erosion problems by either blending the density-separated fractions of coals or coals from different mines based on the chemical and mineralogical properties to prepare suitable feed coals.Furthermore,this unique alternative approach can be followed to further evaluate other feed coals in the global power stations during combustion.

Composition and mode of occurrence of minerals in Late Permian coals from Zhenxiong County,northeastern Yunnan,China

Minerals in the Late Permian coals from the Niuchang-Yigu mining area,Zhenxiong County,northeastern Yunnan,China,were investigated using optical microscopy and low temperature ashing plus X-ray diffraction(LTA?XRD).The results showed that minerals in the coal LTAs are mainly quartz,kaolinite,chamosite,mixed-layer illite/smectite(I/S),pyrite,and calcite,with trace amounts of marcasite,dolomite,and bassanite.The authigenic quartz generally occurs in collodetrinite or as a filling in cleats or cell cavities.This silica was mainly derived from aqueous solutions produced by the weathering of basaltic rocks in the Kangdian Upland and from hydrothermal fluids.The presence of b-quartz paramorph grains in collodetrinite probably indicates that these grains were detrital and came from a volcanic ash.Clay minerals are generally embedded in collodetrinite and occur as cell-fillings.Pyrite occurs as framboidal,anhedral,and euhedral grains and a cell-filling.The coals are high in pyrite and the high pyrite content probably results from seawater invading during the stage of peat accumulation.Calcite generally occurs as vein-fillings,indicating an epigenetic origin.

Bioleaching of vanadium from barren stone coal and its effect on the transition of vanadium speciation and mineral phase

This study determined the optimal conditions required to obtain maximum vanadium extraction and examined the transition of mineral phases and vanadium speciation during the bioleaching process. Parameters including the initial p H value, initial Fe^(2+) concentration, solid load, and inoculum quantity were examined. The results revealed that 48.92 wt% of the vanadium was extracted through bioleaching under optimal conditions. Comparatively, the chemical leaching yield(H_2SO_4, pH 2.0) showed a slower and milder increase in vanadium yield. The vanadium bioleaching yield was 35.11 wt% greater than the chemical leaching yield. The Community Bureau of Reference(BCR) sequential extraction results revealed that 88.62 wt% of vanadium existed in the residual fraction. The bacteria substantially changed the distribution of the vanadium speciation during the leaching process, and the residual fraction decreased to 48.44 wt%. The X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) results provided evidence that the crystal lattice structure of muscovite was destroyed by the bacteria.

煤矸石精确产酸潜力评价方法对比研究

为有效避免重大酸性水污染事故,需提高矿山岩石产酸潜力评价的精度。通过全面阐述矸石中常见含硫矿物的产酸潜力计算方法,采用三步连续提取法测定了多个矿石和煤矸石中产酸矿物的硫含量,对比分析了精确产酸潜力和最大产酸潜力。结果表明:煤矸石的产酸潜力值取决于各产酸硫的质量分数和单位硫产酸值;对大部分样品,用产酸硫含量计算的产酸潜力值不同程度地低于用全硫预测的产酸潜力值;样品SC中的硫成分主要为砷黄铁矿硫,相比黄铁矿的单位硫产酸值更高,导致SC样品计算的精确产酸潜力相比全硫预测的产酸潜力更高;三步连续提取法适用于以铁和铜的硫化物为主要含硫矿物的煤矸石;当矿石中其他硫化物成分增多和空白样品混合不均匀都会对结果产生一定干扰。研究结果为准确评价矿区煤矸石精确产酸潜力提供了依据。

三元矿物掺和料胶砂试件性能研究

为解决煤矸石及钢渣作为单一掺和料强度不足的问题,以煤矸石、钢渣和矿粉为原材料制备复合掺和料水泥砂浆。研究不同配合比下掺和料对水泥砂浆抗压强度的影响,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段分析不同体系试块的水化机理和微观结构。结果表明,单掺煤矸石、钢渣均表现出较低的活性,而矿粉具有良好的反应活性;三元掺和料中煤矸石-矿粉-钢渣复掺比例为1∶7∶2时,试块的抗压强度最高,28 d抗压强度可以达55.26 MPa。在三元掺和料体系中,煤矸石、矿粉和钢渣可以相互促进水化,增多水化产物,加深水化程度,三者具有一定的耦合作用,具有制备三元矿物掺和料的潜力。

煤系中关键金属元素的成矿作用研究进展与展望

煤系中关键金属元素的赋存状态、分布规律、成矿机制以及有效提取和综合利用的研究是近10年来煤地质学等相关领域的研究前沿和热点问题,国内外学者在煤系中关键金属矿床的发现,关键金属元素赋存状态,成矿物质来源、迁移、富集和保存,开发利用潜力评价,精细勘查技术研发,关键元素的分离提取等方面取得了重要研究进展,为煤系关键金属矿产资源的开发利用奠定了坚实的理论和技术基础,同时在揭示与煤系关键金属相关重大地球科学问题方面取得了长足进展。本文结合国内外近些年来的进展,对煤系中关键金属元素(主要是锗、镓、锂、铌、锆等)的成矿作用进行了总结和凝练,指出了存在的问题及其解决方案和思路。

黄河流域煤炭开发区地下水污染成因分析及防治建议

[研究目的]黄河流域内由于煤炭资源开发导致地下水污染严重,从整体角度对流域内重点煤炭开发区地下水进行归纳总结,为其可持续健康发展和地下水资源改善提供防治建议。[研究方法]从黄河流域战略地位出发,对地下水污染成因和污染模式进行归纳总结。采用改进后的综合水质指数法对流域内九大煤炭基地的地下水进行水质评价。选用主成分分析法赋权指标,并引入改进的内梅罗污染指数法,按照WPI分级法进行评价。[研究结果]通过对黄河流域各重点断面水质评价,得到目前流域内煤炭基地水质结果中Ⅲ、Ⅳ类占比较多,水质较差。分析成因当前流域内存在高矿化度矿井水、酸性矿井水和含特殊组分矿井水污染,同时阐述污染地下水形成的浅层和深层两种污染模式。[结论]对3种矿井水采用相应防治方法,并提出膏体充填技术和微生物修复技术2种防治技术建议,通过应用实际矿山为例,印证污染防治技术能够改善由煤炭开采引发的流域内地下水污染严重的问题,以期研究结果能够对成功推动中国绿色矿山的快速发展具有参考意义。

浅埋巨厚富镓煤层的非均质性与反射波响应特征

华北石炭系—二叠系部分煤层富含战略性金属镓。为了探讨利用反射波响应解译浅埋巨厚煤中镓元素含量的可能性,以研究程度较深的准格尔煤田黑岱沟矿6号煤为例,综合样品实测、地震岩石物理建模、主成分分析等方法,表征煤层中物质组成、镓元素含量及载体矿物、弹性参数的纵向非均质性;综合煤层反射波响应正演模拟、地震属性分析和AVO分析等方法,表征煤层反射波运动学、动力学和AVO响应与煤层矿物富集类型间的相关关系。研究结果表明,按煤质可以将6号煤划分为三个层段,每个层段的矿物富集类型有明显区别;中上层段煤层巨厚,煤中镓元素的主要载体矿物为勃姆石,勃姆石与镓元素含量强线性正相关,纵波阻抗等弹性参数与勃姆石、镓元素含量正相关;当煤层流体饱和状态已知时,煤层顶底板反射波的双程旅行时差与振幅交会图可以有效区分煤层的矿物富集类型;煤层顶底板反射波的AVO截距与梯度交会图,可以有效区分煤层的流体饱和状态和矿物富集类型,是解译煤中镓元素含量的一种有效方法。本次研究成果不仅能够直接应用于浅埋巨厚煤中镓资源勘探,还能为煤中其他战略性金属的勘探研究提供方法借鉴。

“三软”厚煤层回采巷道掘锚一体机工艺优化及应用

“三软”厚煤层回采巷道围岩整体强度低,且岩层结构组合普遍变化较大,造成掘进工作面悬露顶板稳定性差异明显,部分顶板稳定性较差区域无法直接采用掘锚一体机及配套施工工艺,造成掘进工作面频繁停工,整体掘进效率下降。针对此类问题,以沙吉海煤矿“三软”厚煤层回采巷道为工程背景,采用现场调研、理论分析、数值模拟等综合研究方法,阐明了掘进工作面悬露顶板漏冒、掘锚一体机陷入底板或跑偏、煤壁片帮是制约掘锚一体机在“三软”厚煤层回采巷道中应用的关键制约因素;考虑悬露顶板厚度、扰动影响系数、顶板各岩层强度及各岩层完整性等参量的影响,建立和推导了掘进工作面悬露顶板极限跨距计算公式;形成了以掘进工作面悬露顶板极限跨距计算为主导的巷道围岩稳定性分级方法,将“三软”厚煤层回采巷道围岩划分为极稳定、稳定、中等稳定、不稳定、极不稳定5个级别;提出了不同稳定性级别围岩条件下掘锚一体机装备及施工工艺分类优化方案,并从截割滚筒位态调整、底板接地处理、巷帮作业平台增设等方面给出了困难作业环境下掘锚一体机应用对策。研究成果在沙吉海煤矿B1003W05工作面巷道进行了工程应用,其分类优化方案可有效保障掘锚一体机在“三软”厚煤层中的正常运行,相比邻近巷道采用悬臂式掘进机综掘工艺,掘进速度提升了1.0~1.8倍。

基于CIA-ISM-BN煤矿瓦斯爆炸事故分析

为识别动态情景下煤矿瓦斯爆炸事故的影响因素,推断因素之间的因果关系,采用CIA(Cross Impact Analysis)、ISM(Interpretive Structural Model)和BN(Bayesian Network)结合的情景建模方法来构建煤矿井下瓦斯爆炸事故风险评价模型。利用CIA-ISM组合生成不同影响级别下瓦斯爆炸事故影响因素的因果层次网络,并进行情景推断和分析。将层次网络映射到BN模型中,通过概率推理量化复杂依赖关系的层次网络,确定瓦斯爆炸的主要致因和造成的损害。结果表明:(1)重视监管机制、违规生产、管理技术、员工安全教育培训、违章作业和通风环境之间的微循环,可以有效阻断事故演化路径;(2)瓦斯爆炸事故发生下,造成人员伤亡、经济损失和社会影响以及有毒有害等次灾害的概率分别为94.7%,95.0%,24.0%;(3)不健全的监管机制是导致瓦斯爆炸事故发生的根本原因。

基于SNA的煤矿工人安全信息认知影响因素研究

大多数煤矿事故是由人的不安全行为导致的,而人的不安全行为是煤矿工人安全信息认知水平力低下造成的。为预防和控制煤矿工人在安全信息认知失效下引发的煤矿安全事故,通过分析我国近年典型的煤矿事故案例,确定影响煤矿工人安全信息认知的3个一级指标和15个二级指标,并利用社会网络分析法构建煤矿工人安全信息认知网络;通过对安全信息认知因素进行整体网络密度、个体网络密度、节点的度数中心度、节点的中间中心度、关键影响因素和重要影响路径,得出辨识理解能力、安全知识等5个关键影响因子,并识别出关键影响路径。

矿化煤矸石混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能

为研究微生物菌液浓度、尿素浓度、钙离子浓度、煤矸石取代率对矿化煤矸石混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的影响,开展4因素3水平正交试验。结果表明:微生物矿化技术可显著提升煤矸石混凝土力学性能,煤矸石混凝土强度影响排序为煤矸石取代率>菌液浓度>钙离子浓度>尿素浓度,微生物矿化煤矸石混凝土力学性能和抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的最优配比为:菌液浓度4×10^(8) cells/mL、尿素浓度0.9 mol/L、钙离子浓度0.2 mol/L、煤矸石取代率30%;硫酸盐与水化产物反应生成钙矾石是硫酸盐干湿循环前期质量和抗压强度提升的主要原因,也是后期表观形态盐化、体积膨胀、鼓包掉落、强度降低的主要原因。研究成果可为微生物矿化煤矸石混凝土力学和耐久性提供试验依据。

矿用喷涂堵漏风自修复材料性能研究及工程应用

喷涂堵漏风是防止煤自燃的有效手段之一。针对传统水泥基喷涂堵漏风材料脆性大、易开裂、堵漏风效果差的弊端,提出以微生物及结晶矿物为自愈合剂,研制出生物胶囊和矿物胶囊以及一种生物–矿物–纤维协同自修复材料。研究了不同养护湿度和养护时间对材料裂缝自修复能力的影响。结果表明:当养护湿度为100%相对湿度、养护时间为35 d时,研制的生物胶囊和矿物胶囊可以将裂缝完全修复,裂缝最大修复宽度为1260μm。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能谱仪(EDS)探究了自修复材料裂缝区域修复产物的晶型及元素组成,发现裂缝处的修复产物为球碳镁石、花瓣状的水菱镁矿以及大量由细菌矿化产生的球形方解石,这些修复产物在一定程度上起到了密闭裂缝的作用;EDS能谱分析证实了修复产物为MgCO_(3)和CaCO_(3)。当养护湿度为100%时,材料具有最高的堵漏风率(97.15%),比同养护条件的对照组试样高出73.62%。最后将自修复材料用于沿空煤柱喷涂堵漏风,结果显示该材料在6个月内未发现明显裂隙,与传统水泥砂浆相比,该材料具有更长的使用寿命和更好的预防效果。

内在矿物质对褐煤加氢热解过程中氮迁移的影响

阐明内在矿物质对褐煤加氢热解过程中氮迁移的影响对建立褐煤梯级利用过程中含氮物质污染控制方法,实现褐煤的清洁高效利用具有十分重要的指导意义。研究采用固定床反应器进行胜利褐煤加氢热解试验,考察0.1~3 MPa下内在矿物质对煤中氮向热解产物NH_(3)、HCN、N_(2)、焦油氮和半焦氮中迁移的影响以及半焦中氮官能团生成的影响。分别采用紫外分光光度计、气相色谱仪和元素分析仪分析气相中的NH_(3)、HCN、N_(2)以及焦油氮和半焦氮,采用X光电子能谱仪(XPS)表征半焦中的氮官能团。结果表明:胜利褐煤加氢热解过程中,内在矿物质催化煤中氮向NH_(3)和N_(2)迁移;内在矿物质对煤中氮向HCN迁移的影响受热解压力影响,压力为0.1 MPa时,内在矿物质明显阻碍煤中氮向HCN迁移,而压力为1~3 MPa时,内在矿物质基本不影响煤中氮向HCN迁移;内在矿物质阻碍煤中氮向半焦氮和焦油氮迁移;这是由于加氢热解过程中,内在矿物质降低煤热解反应的活化能,致使更多的自由基攻击煤中的含氮杂环,使较多的含氮杂环分解转化为了NH_(3)、N_(2)和HCN;热解反应活化能的降低促进了挥发分生成的增加,延长了挥发分从反应器中析出的时间,加强了挥发分的二次反应,进而促使挥发分中HCN和焦油氮发生二次反应生成NH_(3)。半焦中存在的内在矿物质提高了新生半焦的反应性,加速了半焦与吸附在半焦上的H的反应,促进新生半焦二次反应生成NH_(3)和N_(2)。内在矿物质促进热解半焦中吡啶型氮的生成而抑制半焦中季氮的生成。内在矿物质对褐煤加氢热解过程中氮迁移影响的研究结果将为褐煤的清洁高效利用技术的发展提供基础数据和技术支撑。

煤矿工人职业健康研究进展的知识图谱分析

为研究煤矿工人职业健康的发展趋势,促进煤炭企业实施职业健康防护工作,基于知识图谱分析方法,采用CiteSpace软件分析中国知网(CNKI)和Web of Science(WoS)核心数据库中收录的近20年煤矿工人职业健康文献的关键词聚类及突现。研究结果表明:煤矿工人职业健康研究可分为职业健康危害因素、职业病及职业相关疾病三维度。职业相关疾病主要体现在行为和身心疾病、心脑血管疾病与代谢性疾病及慢性非特异性呼吸系统疾病3个层面;与职业病相比,职业相关疾病多呈现为“多因一果”特征,确诊难度更大;基于高频词突现特征,尘肺、听力损失、心理压力、高血压等是煤矿工人健康的主要威胁,此类健康问题与职业暴露有关,风险评价与管控是应对危害的重要措施;新兴研究热点为职业相关疾病的成因与防范,及职业健康与脑科学、智能化等领域的交叉研究。