Spatial evolution of coal transportation at coastal ports in China

Coal is a basic resource and its use guarantees the development of national economies and human society. Thus, coal transportation is an important part of China's overall transportation system. In this system, ports are the vital transit nodes. This study considered coastal ports in China and analysed the evolution of coal transportation from 1973 to 2013. We focused on the spatial pattern of coal loading and unloading, and summarized the main characteristics and development of the processes. Then, we examined the volumes of coal transported and regional changes in these amounts using mathematical models and indicators. Finally, we analysed the specialized function and spatial differentiation of the ports involved in coal transportation to reveal their spatial relationship and temporal evolution. We found that the spatial pattern of coal transportation changed from "south input and north output" to "all input and north output". However, the prominent ports used for coal unloading are still concentrated in areas south of the Yangtze River. Coal loading is concentrated on the west bank of Bohai Bay. In addition, some ports around Bohai Bay, such as Dandong, Dalian, Yantai, and Qingdao, changed from traditional coal loading ports to unloading ports. This study further developed the theory of transport geography, and improved our understanding of China's coal transportation system.

A comparison of the energy consumption and carbon emissions for different modes of transportation in open-cut coal mines

Transportation accounts for 80% of open-cut coal mine carbon emissions. With regard to the energy con- sumption and carbon emissions of transportation within an open-cut mine, this paper systematically compared the work and energy consumption of a truck and belt conveyor on a theoretical basis, and con- structed a model to calculate the energy consumption of open-cut mine transportation. Life cycle carbon emission factors and power consumption calculation model were established through a Process Analysis- Life Cycle Analysis （PA-LCA）. The following results were obtained： （1） the energy consumption of truck transportation was four to twelve times higher than that of the belt conveyor; （2） the C02 emissions from truck transportation were three to ten times higher than those of the belt conveyor; （3） with the increase in the slope angle for transportation, the ratio of truck to belt conveyor for both energy consumption and carbon emissions gradually decreased; （4） based on 2013 prices in China, the energy cost of transportation using a belt conveyor in open-cut coal mines could save 0.6-2.4 Yuan/（t kin） compared to truck transportation.

Power Coal Transportation and Storage:A Programming Analysis of Road and Rail Options

In this study, the transportation and storage problems for regional power coal allocation planning are formulated as transportation and storage problems to realize the minimization of the regional transportation and storage cost. An effective optimiza- tion model is proposed to solve transportation and storage prob- lems for regional power coal allocation planning, which has inter- active effect on multiple participants, such as regional power plants, coal transportation companies, logistics centers, and coal storage centers. A case study illustrates that the model and algo- rithm are more reasonable compared with the classic transporta- tion model, and the sensitivity analysis improves transportation and storage strategies for regional power coal allocation planning. Results demonstrate that this model can not only satisfy more of the actual requirements of the integral system but also offer more information to the decision-makers （DMs） for reference in favor of exalting decision-making quality.

Research on management of coal bed methane warehousing and transportation based on GIS

At present Coal Bed Methane （CBM） has become the important part of clean energy in China. and will optimize the energy structure in China unceasingly. However, warehousing and transportation of CBM become one of the core factors that restrain its exploitation and utilization at present, due to the space-time character of natural deposit and modem utilization of CBM. In this paper, according to the character of CBM and the expanding trend of its utilization, the necessity of constructing the CBM＇s warehousing and transportation management system demonstrated. Index system that influence CBM＇s warehousing and transportation is established. And CBM＇s warehousing and transportation model is established by Voronoi diagram. In light of above research, CBM＇s warehousing and transportation management system based on Geography Information System （GIS） is designed, Using this system, CBM＇s warehousing and allocation center in one mining area is optimized. Research shows that to reinforce CBM＇s warehousing and transportation management is one of the key factors for coordinating the development of its development and utilization, thereby ensuring its sustainable development and utilization.

基于SCI-XDNet-CFF轻量化网络的井下运煤皮带异物识别

矿井煤炭开采面与地面距离较长,需要通过运煤皮带进行长距离运输,在运输过程中,存在大块矸石、锚杆等异物损坏皮带、堵塞落煤口的问题,易引发安全问题,因此,运煤皮带运输异物分类具有重要意义。为克服井下环境光照强度弱、识别精度低、模型参数量大的问题,提出一种结合低光照图像增强的XDNet-CFF轻量化网络。首先,采用预训练的自校准光照图像增强模型对井下运煤皮带图像进行低光照图像增强,有效提高图像质量;其次,设计一种基于Xcpetion-DenseNet121和跨层特征融合的深度网络,在提高特征提取能力的同时,将底层细节特征与上层语义特征相结合,减少信息丢失,丰富特征表示;然后,通过全连接层和softmax完成运煤皮带异物识别;最后,为实现移动端部署和识别预警,应用剪枝方法对模型进行压缩,大幅减少模型参数量,降低开销。结果表明,所提模型在运煤皮带异物数据集上准确率、精度、召回率、F1分数分别达到0.9467、0.9512、0.9416、0.9464,均优于主流模型,同时,参数量仅8.98 M,满足实际生产部署需求。

Research of the underground coal bunker clearing robot

With the long-term use of coal bunker, a certain amount of sticking objects will beformed on its wall, and coal mine clearing robot can replace man in clearing the bunker wall.Also, since it equip with an explosion-proof camera, the worker can determine the operationby observing the well-head monitor.Moreover, it cannot work unless it is placed in positionand supported stably, and it has three degrees of freedom: rotating, stretching, and shovelcoal.It is driven by the hydraulic and controlled by PLC.The underground coal mine clearingrobot changs the traditional clearing methods, man does not have to enter the bunker toclear it, which ensures the production safety of coal transportation.

Design and analysis of an electric-locomotive turning system for coal mines

We describe a system for turning the accumulator electric locomotives used in coal mines. This improves transport efficiency and decreases mine construction and production costs. The operating requirements, principles, working features and transmission system are discussed. This system has a simple structure and can be manufactured, transported and assembled easily. It, therefore, can handle accumulator locomotives of middle and small size.

煤柱(Coal Log)在水力输送管道内的流动性状

煤柱水力输送管道（CoalLogPipeline）是目前正在美国进行研究和开发的一种最新型的管道输煤技术．本文就这种管道输煤技术的水力学原理，即压制成圆柱形的煤柱在管道中的流动性状进行分析讨论．这些流动性状包括管道煤柱流的区域划分，煤柱的起动速度和悬浮机理，以及沿管道的压力损失．通过分析导出的有关的水力学计算公式简单易行，可为煤柱水力输送管道的设计提供基本的设计参数．

基于语义分割的带式输送机煤料运输区域检测算法

针对煤炭运输过程中,经常无法保持煤炭在带式输送机上的运量均匀,使得带式输送机长时间全速运转而造成电能浪费和设备无效磨损的问题,提出一种基于语义分割的带式输送机煤料运输区域检测算法。该算法在DeeplabV3+的基础上,根据特征通道之间的相互依赖关系,引入注意力机制,使用不同扩张率的卷积核获得多种尺度的语义信息,来精确分割出煤炭在带式输送机的运输区域。实验结果表明,该算法平均交并比(Mean Intersection over Union,MIoU)相比于DeeplabV3+算法提高1.24百分点,能够有效精准地分割出煤料的运输区域,为煤量估计工作提供有效的保障。

西北干旱露天煤矿排土场土壤重构与水盐运移机制

矿山排土场生态修复是煤矿露天开采面临的重大环境问题,是制约建设绿色露天煤矿的重要因素。土壤重构是排土场生态修复的重要步骤,以新疆为代表的西北煤炭基地,水资源短缺,盐碱化突出,土壤水盐运移是决定土壤重构是否成功的关键指标。目前研究集中在表层土壤重构改善土壤养分促进植物生长,针对保水控盐的功能化土壤重构的研究甚少,对不同土壤重构方式下的水盐运移机制尚不明晰。研究立足新疆煤炭资源禀赋特征,从煤炭循环经济的角度出发,采用能源化工副产物煤气化渣(CGS)作为重构材料,通过毛细水上升-蒸发试验,分析CGS重构后水盐垂向运移和水分供给能力,通过Van Genuchten模型拟合土壤水分特征曲线,分析CGS重构后土壤持水能力,研究CGS作为含水层重构材料的可行性。采用煤矿开采伴生岩石矿物红泥岩作为重构材料,通过土柱入渗蒸发试验,分析红泥岩重构后不同土壤深度的水盐变化情况,研究泥岩作为隔水层重构材料的可行性。结果表明,CGS重构改善土壤质地,优化孔隙结构,促进了土壤水盐运移,毛细作用增强,促进了下层水分向上供给,同时也增加了盐分表聚,重构改变土水特征曲线参数,增加了饱和含水量θ_(s),降低了参数a和n,改善了土壤持水性能。CGS添加量越高,细渣质量分数越大,效果越明显。CGS作为重构含水层材料具有可行性。红泥岩黏粒和次生矿物含量高,孔隙结构丰富,物理吸附性良好,重构后0~24 cm深度下土壤含水率高于对照组,蒸发后的盐分在20~24 cm达最高值,红泥岩有效阻隔了盐分上移。红泥岩作为重构隔水层材料具有可行性。研究以期探索出一条适合西部煤炭基地排土场土壤重构模式。

关于打通铁路网运输能力堵点对策探究

国铁企业落实党中央部署要求并加快推进铁路货运市场化改革,采取有效措施尽快打通铁路网运输能力堵点,有效降低物流成本。通过分析路网总体规模、旅客运输供给能力、货物运输保障能力等铁路网运输能力现状,剖析铁路网运输能力堵点及成因。在此基础上,提出加强铁路网运输能力经验借鉴,探析打通铁路网运输能力堵点对策,即:畅通普速干线通道,加强煤运通道能力保障,强化中欧班列通道能力,完善港口铁路通过能力,增强西部陆海新通道线路能力,完善枢纽点线配套能力,强化铁路货运设施设备卸车能力等方面,在助力降低全社会物流成本中发挥“火车头”的重要作用。

双重治理下煤炭运输企业的碳减排演化博弈研究

传统的煤炭运输方式产生了大量碳排放,受利润最大化驱使,煤炭运输企业的碳减排行为需要地方、中央政府的双重治理。运用演化博弈理论和数值仿真法,构建了中央政府、地方政府和煤炭运输企业三方演化博弈模型,借助MATLAB仿真分析软件进行情景仿真。结果表明:中央及地方政府碳减排成本过大会导致政府不能很好地履行职责;地方政府的初始意愿会影响煤炭运输企业的策略选择;企业的碳减排成本过大会影响碳减排意愿;碳减排罚金与政府、企业的策略选择呈正相关,奖金对被监督主体策略选择呈正相关,但对监督主体策略则呈负相关,因此罚金、奖金的设置非常关键。基于此提出促进煤炭运输企业碳减排的建议。

Spatial Structure Adjustment Strategies of the Coal Resource-Based Cities during the Mature Period: A Case Study of Pingdingshan

Coal cities are the main part of the resource-based cities in China, and the benign development of coal cities' spatial structure has a direct impact on these cities' future economic and social development, as well as the urban residents' welfare. Land use fragmentation is the most typical morphological characteristic of the coal city's spatial structure development. In this paper, Pingdingshan City of Henan Province in China is taken as an example. Through empirical analysis, the urban spatial structure development processes of a typical coal resource-based city in its mature period are illustrated, and the formation reasons and potential mechanism behind coal city land use fragmentation are explored, and the measurement method of land use fragmentation degree of the coal city is put forward. On the above basis, the appropriate adjustment strategies and methods aimed at the coal city spatial structure are found out and given. This study is a good guideline and reference for the spatial structure planning and land use planning of the coal city during the mature and declining period, which is of great help to the sustainable development and industrial structure transformation of the coal city. It also has certain reference significance for the coal city in the growth period.

提升神东采掘运设备价值最大化的措施

通过调研和分析神东公司采掘运大型机电设备目前的使用和管理现状,从神东集团13个矿井的生产、机电设备结构配置、机电设备成本、机电设备管理等方面入手,深入分析影响采掘运大型机电设备价值最大化的原因,并给出后期发挥采掘运大型机电设备最大使用价值的努力方向,对降低机电设备成本的投入以及安全、高效生产具有现实意义,对其他煤炭企业采掘运设备的高效、精细、精益、价值最大化管理亦有重要的借鉴作用。

小保当一号煤矿特大型智能主运输系统设计

针对小保当煤矿主运输系统大运量、高带速、高带强的特点,进行了技术方案的分析研究并对各部带式输送机均采用了最佳配置设计。文章介绍了采用多项国内外先进技术对主运输系统的各个具体环节进行的优化设计,包括:采用智能化设计技术,实现主运输系统的远程集中控制、协同运行和无人值守;采用特大型装备设计技术,对系统关键位置及重要部件进行分析研究,确保安全;采用井下煤水分离技术,对原煤进行脱水处理,避免“水煤”隐患;采用动力学分析技术,对多种不利工况下的输送带张力特性进行模拟,优化设备布置。最终实现了国内井下总运输距离最长、装机总容量最大的煤炭主运输系统的智能化、无人化长期连续平稳运行,为国内特大型矿井的煤炭主运输系统设计起到了引领示范作用。

融合麻雀搜索与长短时记忆的疆煤铁路外运量预测

为准确预测新疆煤炭铁路外运量,本文提出一种融合麻雀搜索算法与长短时记忆网络的(SSA-LSTM)预测模型,模型引入麻雀搜索算法对长短时记忆网络(Long Short-Term Memory,LSTM)模型的超参数进行优化,以提高模型预测性能。以2015—2022年新疆煤炭铁路外运量数据为基础,综合考虑经济、运输等多种因素,对各影响因素的灰色关联度进行计算,验证所选因素与预测指标具有较强的关联度。对影响因素中的GDP数据进行消费者价格指数(Consumer Price Index, CPI)处理,并将处理后的数据输入模型进行预测,最后应用该模型对未来新疆煤炭初、近、远期铁路外运量进行预测。研究结果表明,SSA-LSTM模型的预测效果显著优于BP(Back Propagation)神经网络和传统LSTM模型,平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)为0.88%,均方根误差(RMSE)为49.9。同时,与未经CPI处理的预测相比,经过CPI处理后预测误差更小,MAPE和RMSE分别降低了75.8%和56.2%。本文为新疆煤炭铁路外运量预测提供了一种有效方法,为疆煤外运通道设计提供了重要数据支撑。

基于LEAP模型的煤炭综合运输能耗与碳排放研究

为全面掌握大型煤炭运输企业碳排放现状及发展趋势,识别高能耗排放重点环节,基于传统LEAP方法,构建了企业层面的能源需求与环境影响发展模型,以模拟不同减排方案的减排效果。模型包含运输环节、运输内部作业、能源类型、温室气体种类4层结构,以运输工作量为推动因子,同时考虑运输企业经营范围内的辅助生产排放与电力、热力隐含排放。采用情景分析法,设置了新能源交通两网融合、新能源装备、能效提升、排放控制以及负碳生态情景共5个技术政策情景,通过与基准情景对比,对比分析不同技术政策影响下煤炭铁水联运企业的能源消费与碳减排效果。研究发现,其中4个情景可以实现2030年碳达峰,而单一技术政策情景均不能如期实现碳中和,需采取综合措施。

煤矿运输复合降尘剂的制备与降尘性能研究

为了降低煤炭资源运输过程中粉尘的污染程度,以烷基糖苷、3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵和助剂A为主要原料,制备了一种适合煤矿运输用的新型复合降尘剂JCS-1,以除尘效率为评价指标对其制备条件进行了优化,并考察了不同质量分数复合降尘剂JCS-1的表面活性、润湿性能和降尘性能。实验结果表明:在反应温度为85℃、反应时间为5 h、助剂A的质量分数为5%的条件下制备的复合降尘剂JCS-1的除尘效率最高;随着复合降尘剂JCS-1质量分数的不断增大,溶液表面张力和其在煤薄片表面的接触角均呈现出逐渐降低的趋势,而除尘效率则呈现出先增大后减小的趋势;当复合降尘剂JCS-1的质量分数为0.05%时,除尘效率可以达到最大(96.6%),降尘效果较好,能够满足煤矿运输过程中降尘作业的需求。

新型自动化插爪制动牵引车的设计

为解决无极绳牵引车断绳制动不可靠的问题,自主研制了新型自动化插爪制动牵引车,该牵引车主要是由车体框架、插爪制动装置、弹簧滑轮组件等部分组成,当钢丝绳松绳量达到1000 mm时,插爪自动插住枕木实现断绳自动制动的功能,解决了无极绳牵引车在变坡点瞬时超速於绳而产生的插爪误动作以及跑车时插爪不动作的技术问题。同时,设计了新型自动化插爪制动牵引车的放车试验方案,试验结果表明:车身制动平稳,插爪安全可靠,达到了设计预期。新型插爪制动牵引车的研制拓宽了无极绳牵引车的使用范围,为无极绳卡轨车的安全运行提供了保障。

采面刮板输送机与采煤机协同控制技术研究

通过实时监测采煤机牵引速度、负载及刮板输送机负载等实现刮板输送机与采煤机协同控制,具体采煤机牵引速度快时且刮板输送机负载呈增加趋势时适当增大刮板输送机运行速度,反之则适当降低运行速度。对协同控制使用的硬件设备结构及控制方式等进行分析。现场应用后,刮板输送机运行速度可随采煤机牵引速度改变而改变,在一定程度提高了刮板输送机运行效率。