Ash Detection of Coal Slime Flotation Tailings Based on Chromatographic Filter Paper Sampling and Multi-Scale Residual Network

The detection of ash content in coal slime flotation tailings using deep learning can be hindered by various factors such as foam,impurities,and changing lighting conditions that disrupt the collection of tailings images.To address this challenge,we present a method for ash content detection in coal slime flotation tailings.This method utilizes chromatographic filter paper sampling and a multi-scale residual network,which we refer to as MRCN.Initially,tailings are sampled using chromatographic filter paper to obtain static tailings images,effectively isolating interference factors at the flotation site.Subsequently,the MRCN,consisting of a multi-scale residual network,is employed to extract image features and compute ash content.Within the MRCN structure,tailings images undergo convolution operations through two parallel branches that utilize convolution kernels of different sizes,enabling the extraction of image features at various scales and capturing a more comprehensive representation of the ash content information.Furthermore,a channel attention mechanism is integrated to enhance the performance of the model.The combination of the multi-scale residual structure and the channel attention mechanism within MRCN results in robust capabilities for image feature extraction and ash content detection.Comparative experiments demonstrate that this proposed approach,based on chromatographic filter paper sampling and the multi-scale residual network,exhibits significantly superior performance in the detection of ash content in coal slime flotation tailings.

Mechanical Property and Microstructure of Alkali-activated Yellow River Sediment-Coal Slime Ash Composites

This work focuses on the production of a new composite material using Yellow River sediment and coal slime ash via alkali-activating method. XRD, FTIR and SEM/EDS were used to characterize the alkali-activated products and microstructure of the composite material. Compressive strength was tested to characterize the mechanical property of the composite material. It is found that the compressive strength of the Yellow River sediment-coal slime ash composites increases as the added Ca（OH）_2 content grows. The compressive strength increases fast in the early stage but slowly after 28 days. The strength of the composites can be significantly improved via the addition of small amount of Na OH and gypsum. The products（C-S-H, ettringite and CaCO_3）, especially C-S-H, make much contribution to the enhancement of strength. The highest strength of the composites can reach 14.4 MPa after 90 days curing with 5% Ca（OH）_2, 0.2% NaOH and 7.5% gypsum. The improved properties of the composites show great potential of utilizing Yellow River sediment for inexpensive construction materials.

Effect of Moisture on Combustion Characteristics of High⁃Moisture⁃Content Coal Slime

The effects of moisture content on the combustion characteristics and pore structure change of coal slime are studied in this paper.The effect of moisture content on the bed temperature change,combustion efficiency,and NO_(x)and SO_(2)emission were obtained in a bench⁃scale fluidized bed reactor,revealing that the lowest bed temperature decreases with the increase in moisture content,but the effect on the highest bed temperature is not the same.Moreover,with the increase in moisture content,the observed degree of blackening of the flue gas increased,and more CO was produced,which in turn leads to a lower combustion efficiency of the coal slime.However,the presence of moisture plays a positive role in the reduction of NO_(x)and SO_(2).With the increase in moisture content,the amount of NO_(x)and SO_(2)produced tends to decrease.The effect of water on the combustion process of slime is mostly the impact of the severe vaporization process in the early stage to form a large water vapor channel,which is beneficial to the evaporation and loss of water,conducive to the reaction of water and coal combustion products,such as the formation of CO,reduction of NO_(x),SO_(2),etc.The large holes formed by the impact of water vapor decreased with the decrease of moisture content,and the nanoscale pores are mostly caused by the combustion process of volatilization and coke formation after the end of vaporization,and increase with the decrease of moisture content.

Extended DLVO theory applied to coal slime-water suspensions

Coal slimes are mainly composed of coal and clay particles.The interaction energies among these particles were calculated using extended DLVO(DERJAGUIN-LANDAU-VERWEY-OVERBEEK)theory and the aggregation mechanisms were analyzed based on the settling experiments for coal-kaolinite and coal-montmorillonite suspensions,respectively,under different conditions of water hardness.The results indicate that for coal-kaolinite suspensions,as the water hardness reaches 10.0mol/L,the coal particles aggregate with each other easily,and then,the coal particles may aggregate with kaolinite particles.However,no aggregation occurs between kaolinite particles.A clay platelet network is formed in coal-montmorillonite suspensions by montmorillonite particles and coal particles are captured into the network.Coal and montmorillonite particles settle completely.

Rheological behaviors of coal slime produced by filter-pressing

It is an effective way to use coal slime as fuel for circulating fluidized bed boilers, which will not only solve its pollution to the environment, but also turn waste to treasure. In order to provide basic technical information for transportation of coal slime from the coal preparation plant to the boiler, this paper experimentally studied the rheological behaviors of coal slime produced by filter-pressing. By using a rotational viscometer, the influences of water content, temperature, and shear time on the rheological behaviors of coal slime were investigated. Experimental results show that the coal slime will behave like Bingham plastics with low water content and like Bingham pseudo-plastics with 37.5% water content,while like pseudo-plastics with 40% water content. This indicates that the water content of coal slime must be controlled in consideration of both transportation resistance and combustion efficiency. Study results also show that, the apparent viscosity of coal slime at 5℃ is about 1.5–1.7 times of that at 40℃ for water contents 32%–37.5%, while the influence of temperature can be neglected when the water content is 40%. With increasing of water content, the influences of shear time on the apparent viscosity of coal slime becomes less. When the water content is more than 30%, the effect of shear time is negligible. It indicates that water content has the most important influence on the rheological behaviors of coal slime. There must be an optimal water content in considering conveying resistance and combustion efficiency. The environmental temperature must also be considered in coal slime transportation.

Insights in active pulsing air separation technology for coarse coal slime by DEM-CFD approach

To research a novel technology for dry coarse coal slime beneficiation and extend its application, active pulsing air separation technology was investigated by DEM-CFD coupling simulation approach. The results show that the ash content of feed is reduced by 10% 15% and the organic efficiency is up to 91.78% by using the active pulsing air separation technology. The gas solid flow in the active pulsing air classifier was simulated. Meanwhile, the characteristics of particle motion and the separation process of different particles were analyzed, and the mechanical structure of the classifier was also modified to achieve high separation efficiency. Therefore, a novel high-efficiency dry beneficiation technique was advanced for coarse coal slime.

Influence of Limestone Addition on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Coal Slime in the 75 t/h CFB Boiler with Post-Combustion Chamber

Coal slime can be disposed in quantity and fully utilized in a well-designed circulating fluidized bed(CFB)boiler,but the nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))and sulphur dioxide(SO_(2))emissions generated in the combustion of coal slime have contributed to serious atmospheric pollution.High Temperature&Post-combustion Technology,a novel and high-efficient way to reduce the NO_(x)emission in the process of combustion,is applied to a 75 t/h CFB boiler burning exclusively coal slime,which will succeed to meet the ultra-low NO_(x)emission standard.To further explore an appropriate method to reduce the SO_(2)emission under the condition of new technology,the experiments were conducted on a 75 t/h CFB boiler with post-combustion chamber to study the influence of limestone addition on the combustion and emission characteristics of coal slime.The experimental results showed that High Temperature&Post-combustion Technology combined with the sorbent injection in the furnace is a very promising technology to control the NO_(x)and SO_(2)emissions simultaneously.Limestone addition can cause the slight decrease in combustion temperature.Limestone addition will lead to the increase in NO_(x)emission in the combustion of coal slime.In 75 t/h coal slime CFB boiler,the desulfurization efficiency of limestone injection in furnace is close to 98%,achieving the ultra-low SO_(2)emission.To meet the standard of ultra-low NO_(x)and SO_(2)emission,the two technologies for simultaneous removal of NO_(x)and SO_(2)emissions are economical and feasible currently:Removal of SO_(2)under ultra-low NO_(x)emission and Removal of NO_(x)under ultra-low SO_(2)emission.

Combustion and NO_(x)Emission Characteristics of Coal Slime Solid Waste at Different Feeding Positions

The NO_(x)emission of coal slime burned in circulating fluidized bed(CFB)boilers could hardly meet the increasingly strict standards in China.Feeding coal slime from the top of furnace led to uneven combustion in furnace and cyclones,short residence time and overheated tail heating surface.The effects of feeding positions on the combustion uniformity and pollutant emission characteristics of coal slime were studied.The experimental results showed that the coal slime combustion was more uniform when feeding from the front wall and longer residence time was conducive to the control of NO_(x)emission.When the boiler temperature and excess air ratio were almost identical,the initial NO_(x)emissions were 45.0 mg·m^(−3)and 70.7 mg·m^(−3)when feeding from the front wall and the top of furnace,respectively;the NO_(x)emission was cut down 36.35%when feeding from the front wall,successfully meeting the ultra-low NO_(x)emission standard of China.The adoption of feeding from the front wall greatly reduced the original emission of NO_(x);the operation costs in the practical applications were saved to a large extent.

Combustion Characteristics and NO Emissions during Co-Combustion of Coal Gangue and Coal Slime in O_(2)/CO_(2) Atmospheres

Coal slime has low ash content,and adding coal slime during coal gangue combustion may have influence on combustion character;and at this process,NO will emit,and lead to environmental pollution.O_(2)/CO_(2)atmosphere is conducive to NO emission reduction.Thus combustion characteristics and NO emissions during co-combustion of coal gangue and coal slime in O_(2)/CO_(2)atmospheres were studied.The results showed the addition of coal slime increased the combustion activity of the mixed fuels in both air and O_(2)/CO_(2)atmospheres.During co-combustion,there are synergistic effects between them at the fixed carbon combustion stage,and higher blending ratio of coal slime leads to stronger synergistic effect.Furthermore,this study also showed that with the increasing of coal slime blending ratio,the emission concentration of NO increases gradually;with the increase of temperature and O_(2)concentration,the NO emission concentration also gradually increases,and higher O_(2)concentration leads to shorter time required for the complete release of NO.Besides that,the results also demonstrate that the proportion of pyrrole and nitrogen oxide in the ashes increases with the increase of combustion temperature,and pyridine and quaternary nitrogen gradually disappear,while the total nitrogen content in ash decreases with the increase of temperature.The results will contribute to a better understanding of the co-combustion process of coal gangue and coal slime in O_(2)/CO_(2)atmosphere,and provide basic data for the practical industrial application of coal gangue and slime.

Experiment Study on the High-Temperature Thermal Treatment and Ultra-Low NOx Control of Solid Waste Coal Slime in Circulating Fluidized Bed

Coal slime is a kind of solid waste and inferior fuel, which is urgently needed to utilize. In this paper, a high-temperature thermal treatment of coal slime in a circulating fluidized bed(CFB) was attempted to achieve resource utilization. In the experiment, the combustion characteristics of dried coal slime during high-temperature thermal treatment were investigated in a 0.5 MW pilot-scale CFB. The stable fluidized combustion of dried coal slime was realized. When the excess air ratio was closer to 1.0, the furnace temperatures would be uniform. The ignition method of dried coal slime was changed correspondingly while the feeding position changed. However, feeding coal slime to the loop seal was instrumental in decreasing NO_(x) emissions. Moreover, the NO_(x) emissions were tried to further control by the post-combustion technology. Post-combustion technology could significantly reduce NO_(x) emissions below 50 mg·Nm^(-3) while ensuring combustion efficiency. Besides, it was found that there was an optimum excess air ratio in CFB of about 0.9 resulting in minimum NO_(x) emissions of coal slime. The experiment results could well guide the industrial-scale high temperature thermal treatment of coal slime.

Experimental study on conversion path of sulfur in coal slime preheating combustion

In this study,coal slime was mainly utilized to conduct experiments on a 30 kW preheating combustion test rig to analyze the conversion pathway of sulfur during the experiment,aiming at reducing slime pollution,controlling sulfur emission reasonably,and providing theoretical support for the preheating combustion technology.The results showed that after the coal slime was preheated,a large number of elements were released.The maximum release rates for H and S were 94.0%and 73.3%,respectively.The released S was converted into the sulfur-containing gases like H_(2)S,COS,CS_(2),and the rest existed in the solid in the five forms of mercaptan,thiophene,sulfoxide,sulfone,and sulfate.Besides,during the combustion process,the gas was oxidized continuously and finally converted into SO2,leaving only the sulfate in the fly ash.In the preheating combustion process,26.7%of the S was released from the coal,73.3%of the S was retained in the semi-coke,and the final SO2 emission concentration of combustion was 959 ppm.

吕家坨选煤厂粗煤泥分选回收工艺改造

阐述了吕家坨选煤厂为解决原有粗煤泥分选与回收系统分选效果差、回收效率低的问题,采用超级煤泥重介质旋流器+两段弧形筛+煤泥离心机回收工艺,对原有粗煤泥分选系统进行技术改造。改造后超级煤泥重介质旋流器对0.25~0.10 mm粒级分选可能偏差E pm低至0.087 kg/L,分选下限低至0.10 mm,两段精煤泥弧形筛筛分效率高达80.55%,增加精煤产率约0.6%,每年可给选煤厂增加税前利润3600万元。

粗糙度对贫瘦煤表面润湿性的影响

表面粗糙度对煤的可浮性起着重要作用。为了研究捕收剂和粗糙度协同作用对煤表面润湿性的影响,采用四种不同目数的砂纸对煤表面进行粗糙化处理,并使用粗糙度测量仪表征其表面特性。采用接触角与相互作用测量仪分析表面粗糙度对煤天然润湿性和油酸钠改性后润湿性的影响。结果表明,随着天然煤表面粗糙度的增加,接触角减小。由于接触线的增加,水滴与煤表面之间的扩散力增大。当粗糙度分别为0.32、1.02、1.82、2.38μm时,水与煤表面之间的扩散力分别为159.00、177.82、200.99、209.60μN。而经低浓度(120 mg/L)油酸钠改性后,随着粗糙度的增加,煤表面的接触角增大,扩散力减小,扩散力分别为149.11、146.40、134.06、124.27μN。但当油酸钠浓度达到320 mg/L时,随着粗糙度的增加,接触角反而迅速减小,扩散力迅速增大,扩散力分别为174.21、211.05、244.37、288.51μN。粗糙度的增大会增加天然煤表面的润湿性,低浓度的油酸钠改性和表面粗糙化可提高煤表面疏水性,然而,过量的药剂会增强煤表面的润湿性。

超声处理对煤泥组分沉降速度的影响

这是一篇矿业工程领域的论文。高岭石与蒙脱石是煤泥中存在的主要黏土矿物,而黏土矿物是影响煤泥沉降的主要因素。本文以精煤、高岭石和蒙脱石作为研究对象,首先探索了超声强度、作用时间、超声脉冲间隔三类超声条件对其沉降效果以及絮团直径的影响,实验结果表明:当超声密度为0.4 W/cm^(3),超声作用时间为2 min时,高岭石和蒙脱石的沉降速度都得到了改善,选择合适的超声脉冲间隔时间对样品进行间断超声可以进一步提高其的沉降效果,但是超声处理反而不利于精煤沉降。将精煤、高岭石和蒙脱石试样按2∶1∶1的比例混合制样,改变超声脉冲间隔时间对其进行超声处理,结果表明:对于混合试样,未经超声处理时沉降速度为2.67 cm/min,在超声密度为0.2 W/cm^(3),超声脉冲间隔时间为4 s时作用2 min,沉降速度提高到5.41 cm/min。图像分析与电位表征显示,适当的超声脉冲间隔时间使药剂作用发挥更充分,进而双电层得到最大程度压缩,最终提高了颗粒凝聚和絮团生长效果。

预热空气当量比对循环流化床掺混煤泥预热燃烧的影响

煤泥灰含量大、颗粒细、热值低,煤泥的高效清洁燃烧是固废资源化利用的重要方式之一。采用煤粉流态化预热耦合循环流化床燃烧技术,在30 kW预热燃烧综合评价试验台上,控制煤泥掺混比、给料量、还原区当量比、二/三次风比例及过剩空气系数等参数不变,并借助煤气分析仪和烟气分析仪等测量仪器,开展了循环流化床烟煤掺混煤泥的预热燃烧试验。结果表明,循环流化床预热燃烧系统运行稳定可靠,预热温度800℃以上,预热燃料可持续稳定输送到循环流化床中;烟煤掺混高灰分的煤泥,循环灰量增加,循环流化床燃烧室温差小,温度均匀;预热空气当量比由0.36增至0.51时,预热器内温度增加,预热煤气中CO_(2)、HCN体积分数增加,CO、H_(2)、CH_(4)及NH_(3)体积分数降低,煤气热值由2.02 MJ/m^(3)降至1.49 MJ/m^(3);且随着预热空气当量比的增加,循环流化床燃烧室沿程NO体积分数增加,CO体积分数底部高、上部低,NO_(x)排放量由172 mg/m^(3)增至242 mg/m^(3)(6%O_(2)),可见,较低预热当量比有利于烟煤掺混煤泥的高效清洁燃烧。研究结果可为煤泥的高效燃烧利用提供新型技术路线和数据支持。

旋流微泡浮选柱处理难浮煤泥的研究现状

旋流微泡浮选柱气泡尺寸小、泡沫二次富集作用强,在微细煤泥浮选时比传统浮选设备具有更好的分选效果。但对于其他难浮煤泥,如固体浓度高、粒度组成宽的浮选入料,尤其是很多配煤入选的选煤厂出现煤质波动时,旋流微泡浮选柱的浮选效果并不理想,这些问题限制了旋流微泡浮选柱的应用。因此,综述了旋流微泡浮选柱结构改进方面的研究进展,分析了不同结构的旋流微泡浮选柱针对三种难浮煤泥(微细煤泥、高浓度煤泥和宽粒级煤泥)的分选效果,并针对不同难浮煤泥提出了结构优化措施,以指导旋流微泡浮选柱有效分选多变的浮选入料。

金属离子对蒙脱石颗粒水化作用影响及机理

这是一篇矿业工程领域的论文。蒙脱石是对煤泥水沉降影响显著的黏土矿物,其表面带电和易发生水化作用等特性阻碍颗粒间的聚团,使悬浮液保持分散性,恶化煤泥水沉降。基于沉降实验,考查了煤泥水中常见金属离子Na^(+)、K^(+)、Mg^(2+)、Ca^(2+)及Al^(3+)对蒙脱石沉降特性的影响,并采用微量热仪、Zeta电位分析仪及红外光谱仪等表征手段揭示金属离子对蒙脱石水化作用及沉降行为的影响机理。结果表明,与Na^(+)、K^(+)、Mg^(2+)相比,蒙脱石悬浮液或含蒙脱石煤泥水在加入Al^(3+)、Ca^(2+)后,可获得较小的沉降压缩层体积和上清液浊度,沉降效果较好。机理分析表明,加入金属离子可压缩蒙脱石表面双电层厚度,抑制蒙脱石水化作用,有利于蒙脱石聚团沉降。研究结果对处理含蒙脱石煤泥水具有一定指导意义。

SHMP与PAM协同强化低阶煤泥浮选研究

为改善低阶煤泥的浮选效果,采用六偏磷酸钠(SHMP)和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)来协同强化低阶煤泥的浮选,探究了SHMP、PAM及SHPM+PAM对低阶煤泥浮选效果的影响。基于接触角和Zeta电位测试分析了改善低阶煤泥浮选效果的机理。研究结果表明,在SHPM用量为600 g/t、CPAM用量为80 g/t时,精煤产率和可燃体回收率分别为60.83%和93.27%,相比于单一SHPM或CPAM,精煤产率分别提高了6.82个百分点和1.88个百分点;可燃体回收率分别提高了9.63个百分点和12.89个百分点。经SHPM+CPAM作用后,煤粒表面的接触角提高了31°,Zeta电位的绝对值提高了17.22 mV。

煤泥微观结构及燃烧特性实验研究

为了掌握煤泥微观结构和燃烧特性,采用扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱测试及热重分析的实验方法,研究了彬长矿区煤泥的表观特征、官能团种类及燃烧特性。采用动力学分析方法,得到了不同升温速率的动力学参数变化规律。结果表明:煤炭在洗选过程中分离出的矿物杂质以堆积或与煤互相渗透为一体的形式赋存于煤泥结构中,隔绝了煤泥与空气接触,影响了其表面性质;煤泥中存在大量矿物质基团,这是煤泥难以利用的重要原因之一;煤泥在不同升温速率下的氧化过程呈分阶段特性,且随着升温速率的增加,TG-DTG-DSC曲线均呈现滞后现象。高升温速率延长了煤泥热解燃烧的反应过程,使得煤泥的特征温度、着火特性指数Ci和燃烧特性指数S随升温速率的增加呈现增大趋势。煤泥的活化能E和指前因子A与升温速率呈负相关,但效果并不明显。研究结果对煤泥资源化利用具有重要意义。