Prediction Model-based Multi-objective Optimization for Mix-ratio Design of Recycled Aggregate Concrete

The prediction model for mechanical properties of RAC was established through the Bayesian optimization-based Gaussian process regression(BO-GPR)method,where the input variables in BO-GPR model depend on the mix ratio of concrete.Then the compressive strength prediction model,the material cost,and environmental factors were simultaneously considered as objectives,while a multi-objective gray wolf optimization algorithm was developed for finding the optimal mix ratio.A total of 730 RAC datasets were used for training and testing the predication model,while the optimal design method for mix ratio was verified through RAC experiments.The experimental results show that the predicted,testing,and expected compressive strengths are nearly consistent,illustrating the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Improved designed method of pervious concrete based on optimal volume ratio of paste to aggregate

An improved design method of pervious concrete was proposed to lower the deviation between the designed and actual porosity and maintain both mechanical property and permeability of pervious concrete. The improved design method is mainly based on the optimal volume ratio of paste to aggregate(VRPA), which was determined by testing the average thickness of cement paste coating aggregate. The performances of pervious concrete designed by the traditional method and the improved one were compared. The results show that with the increase of designed porosity, the reduction of compressive strength and flexural strength of pervious concrete designed by the improved method is significantly smaller than those designed by the traditional one. The maximum deviation between the designed and actual porosity of the pervious concrete by the improved method is only 1.54%, which is far less than 8.7% obtained by the traditional one. Micro-structural analysis shows that the porous distribution of pervious concrete designed by improved method exhibits better uniformity.

Research on Flexural Behavior of Coral Aggregate Reinforced Concrete Beams

Through the flexural behavior test of coral aggregate reinforced concrete beams(CARCB) and ordinary Portland reinforced concrete beams(OPRCB), and based on the parameters of concrete types, concrete strength grades and reinforcement ratios, the crack development, failure mode, midspan deflection and flexural capacity were studied, the relationships of bending moment-midspan deflection, load-longitudinal tensile reinforcement strain, load-maximum crack width were established, and a calculation model for the flexural capacity of CARCB was suggested. The results showed that with the increase in the reinforcement ratio and concrete strength grade, the crack bending moment(Mcr)and ultimate bending moment(Mu) of CARCB gradually increased. The characteristics of CARCB and OPRCB are basically the same. Furthermore, through increasing the concrete strength grade and reinforcement ratio, Mcr/Mu could be increased to delay the cracking of CARCB. As the load increased, crack width(w) would also increase. At the beginning of the loading, w increased slowly. And then it increased rapidly when the load reached to the ultimate load, which then led to beam failure. Meanwhile, with a comprehensive consideration of the effects of steel corrosion on the loss of steel section and the decrease of steel yield strength, a more reasonable calculation model for the flexural capacity of CARCB was proposed.

Simulation research on monomer agglomeration of nonmetallic inclusions in steel with a diffusion limited aggregation model

The monomer agglomeration of nonmetallic inclusions was simulated with a diffusion limited aggregation （DLA） model of the fractal theory. The simulation study with a random two-dimensional diffusion was carried out. The results indicate that the DLA model can be used for the simulation of agglomeration behavior of the cluster-type inclusions. The morphology of clusters was observed with SEM and compared with the simulated agglomerates. The modelling procedure of the DLA model is applicable for the agglomeration process. The uncertainty of agglomeration process and the persuasive average agglomerative ratio was analyzed. The factors about the agglomerative ratio with the collision path distance and the size of particles or seed were discussed. The adherence of the nonmetallic inclusions on the dam, the weir and the walls of a tundish, and the absorption of inclusions by stopper or nozzle were also discussed.

Effects of the combined application of organic and chemical nitrogen fertilizer on soil aggregate carbon and nitrogen:A 30-year study

To understand the long-term effects of combined organic and chemical nitrogen fertilization on soil organic C(SOC) and total N(TN), we conducted a 30-year field experiment with a wheat–maize rotation system on the Huang-HuaiHai Plain during 1990–2019. The experimental treatments consisted of five fertilizer regimes: no fertilizer(control), chemical fertilizer only(NPK), chemical fertilizer with straw(NPKS), chemical fertilizer with manure(NPKM), and 1.5 times the rate of NPKM(1.5NPKM). The NPK, NPKS, and NPKM treatments had equal N inputs. The crop yields were measured over the whole experimental duration. Soil samples were collected from the topsoil(0–10 and 10–20 cm) and subsoil(20–40 cm) layers for assessing soil aggregates and taking SOC and TN measurements. Compared with the NPK treatment, the SOC and TN contents increased significantly in both the topsoil(24.1–44.4% for SOC and 22.8–47.7% for TN) and subsoil layers(22.0–47.9% for SOC and 19.8–41.8% for TN) for the organically amended treatments(NPKS, NPKM and 1.5NPKM) after 30 years, while no significant differences were found for the average annual crop yields over the 30 years of the experiment. The 0–10 cm layer of the NPKS treatment and the 20–40 cm layer of the NPKM treatment had significantly higher macroaggregate fraction mass proportions(19.8 and 27.0%) than the NPK treatment. However, the 0–10 and 20–40 cm layers of the 1.5NPKM treatment had significantly lower macroaggregate fraction mass proportions(–19.2 and –29.1%) than the control. The analysis showed that the higher SOC and TN in the soil of organically amended treatments compared to the NPK treatment were related to the increases in SOC and TN protected in the stable fractions(i.e., free microaggregates and microaggregates within macroaggregates), in which the contributions of the stable fractions were 81.1–91.7% of the increase in SOC and 83.3–94.0% of the increase in TN, respectively. The relationships between average C inputs and both stable SOC and TN stocks were significantly positive with R2 values of 0.74 and 0.72(P<0.01) for the whole 40 cm soil profile, which indicates the importance of N for soil C storage. The results of our study provide key evidence that long-term combined organic and chemical nitrogen fertilization, while maintaining reasonable total N inputs, benefited soil C and N storage in both the topsoil and subsoil layers.

Effect of Curing Age on Chloride Diffusion Coefficient of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Subjected to Compressive Stresses

The effect of curing age on chloride diffusion coefficient of recycled aggregate concrete subjected to different compressive stresses was investigated.A compression loading setup was both designed and fabricated.The chloride diffusion coefficients of recycled aggregate concrete under compressive stresses were measured by the rapid chloride ion migration(RCM)method.The experimental results show that the chloride diffusion coefficients of recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)under different compressive stress ratios generally decrease with the increase of curing age.For RAC subjected to the same compressive stress ratios,the chloride diffusion coefficients approximately have power functions with curing ages and the relationship models are proposed.Moreover,the influence of curing age on chloride diffusion coefficient firstly decreases and then increases as the compressive stress ratio increases.

Concrete Containing Marginal Aggregates for Use in Concrete Pavement

The study presented an analysis accessing the feasibility of using concrete containing marginal aggregates in concrete pavement slabs. The physical properties of aggregates were first determined and concrete was produced from them. Marginal aggregates were found to have higher fines, absorption, soundness loss, micro-Deval abrasion loss, LA （Los Angeles） abrasion loss and lower specific gravity and unit weight when compared with standard aggregates. Workability of concrete containing marginal aggregate was found to be similar to concrete containing normal aggregates when Shilstone mix design method was used to optimize the concrete mixes. The compressive strength, splitting tensile, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of concrete containing marginal aggregates were determined and found to be generally lower than concrete containing standard aggregates. A typical concrete pavement in Florida was modeled in FEACONSIV （finite element analysis of concrete slab） software developed at the University of Florida. Laboratory determined mechanical and thermal properties of concrete were inputted in FEACONS IV and analyzed for maximum induced stresses. Critical stress to strength ratios, i.e., ratio between maximum computed stresses obtained from FEACONS IV to modulus of rupture （strength） of concrete, was used as evaluation criterion for different concrete pavement mixes. It was found that, in general, concrete containing marginal aggregates have higher stress to strength ratios as compared with concrete containing standard aggregates.

粗骨料粒径与骨胶比对透水混凝土耐磨性能的影响研究

为研究粗骨料粒径和骨胶比对透水混凝土耐磨性能的影响,通过物理性能、力学性能和耐磨性能试验,分析了透水混凝土的密度、孔隙率、拉压强度和磨损率之间的关系。研究发现,粗骨料粒径与骨胶比的增加,会导致透水混凝土的密度降低、孔隙率增加和强度下降;粗骨料粒径10~15 mm的透水混凝土力学性能较差,28 d抗压强度仅占粗骨料粒径5~10 mm的67.2%;骨胶比和粗骨料粒径越大,透水混凝土磨损率越高,基于抗压强度建立的耐磨性指标,能够准确预测透水混凝土的耐磨性能;粗骨料粒径与骨胶比对透水混凝土各项性能均具有显著影响,相比之下,骨胶比的贡献率更高,达到了70.71%~85.17%。因此,在透水混凝土的设计和施工中,需要合理选择粗骨料粒径和骨胶比,以满足透水混凝土在实际工程中的性能需求。

高品质再生粗骨料混凝土配合比优化

对高品质再生粗骨料混凝土(RCAC)的配合比优化进行深入研究,通过调整配合比设计,提高RCAC的力学性能和耐久性,以满足现代建筑对环保材料的高性能要求。研究过程中,采用实验室试验与数据分析相结合的方法,探讨了水灰比、骨料替代率、掺和料种类和掺量等关键参数对RCAC性能的影响。通过多组配合比试验,确定了RCAC的最优配合比。结果表明:优化后的RCAC在强度、抗裂性和耐久性等方面均表现出色,具有较高的综合性能。

GFRP筋再生混凝土梁受弯承载力研究

为研究GFRP筋再生混凝土梁(GFRP-RAC)的受弯承载力,完成了5根配GFRP筋、1根配BFRP筋和1根配钢筋的再生混凝土梁抗弯试验,分析了不同再生骨料取代率、纵筋类型以及纵筋配筋率等因素对各试验梁开裂荷载和极限承载力的影响。结果表明:再生骨料取代率对开裂荷载的影响较大,而纵筋类型及纵筋配筋率对其影响不明显;当再生骨料取代率由0增加至50%和100%时,试验梁开裂荷载分别减小了7.9%和17.3%;极限承载力受再生骨料取代率影响较小而受纵筋配筋率影响较大,当GFRP-RAC梁纵筋配筋率由0.38%提高至0.6%和1.17%时,极限荷载分别提升了17.9%和52.5%。另外,结合国内外规范对GFRP-RAC梁的受弯承载力进行对比分析,并基于试验数据和相关试验结果的回归分析,得到开裂荷载修正系数αcr,开裂荷载修正后的计算值与试验值吻合较好。

ADAFT:SDN大规模流表的适应性深度聚合存储架构

为解决软件定义网络(SDN)数据平面中的三态内容可寻址存储器(TCAM)资源紧张问题,提出了一种基于内容表项树的SDN流表深度聚合方法,进而构建一种SDN大规模流表的适应性深度聚合存储架构ADAFT。该架构放宽了聚合表项之间的汉明距离要求,构建内容表项树聚合动作集不同的流表项,显著提高了流表聚合程度。设计了一种TCAM装载率感知的内容表项树动态限高机制,以降低流表查找开销。同时,提出了一种TCAM装载率感知的表项聚合适应性选择策略,以均衡流表聚合程度和查找开销。实验结果表明,ADAFT架构的流表压缩率明显高于现有方法,最高可达65.74%。

低强度再生混凝土微观形态与力学性能的相关性研究

建筑垃圾来源复杂,为提高再生混凝土的资源利用,并满足基本工程应用要求,在仅考虑再生骨料密度、吸水和含水率、压碎指标的条件下,采用再生粗骨料混凝土配合比设计法配置低强度再生混凝土,结合切片法和SEM扫描电镜对再生混凝土的孔隙结构变化与微观形貌进行观察,分析水胶比、减水剂、粉煤灰对低强度再生混凝土内部结构的影响,发现当水胶比降低时,再生混凝土内部结构的密实度提升,絮状C-S-H之间更为密实,多害孔的比例降低,抗压和劈裂强度提高;当减水剂掺量提升时,钙钒石(AFt)的含量增加,内部结构更为致密;粉煤灰对再生混凝土的抗压和劈裂强度呈负面影响,降低C-S-H与再生骨料之间的粘结性,内部孔隙率变大,坍落度升高,可降低经济成本。

透水混凝土力学性能影响因素的研究进展与分析

为保证工程建设的安全性和有效性,充分了解不同因素对透水混凝土力学性能的影响机理,总结了近年来国内外关于水灰比、砂率、掺合料种类及掺量、骨料粒径等因素对透水混凝土力学性能影响的研究成果,分析了现有研究中存在的不足和尚未解决的问题,并基于透水混凝土细观损伤机理和力学行为,指出了未来进一步研究方向。

轻质高强混凝土制备与性能分析

基于轻质高强混凝土竞赛,文中对我国企业和高校制备轻质高强混凝土的能力进行了调研和分析,对46家企业、19家高校制备的轻质高强混凝土配合比、抗压强度、劈裂强度、粗骨料含量进行汇总、测试和分析,探究了原材料品质、配合比参数对混凝土力学性能和结构效率系数(强度容重比)的影响。分析结果表明,基于对轻质高强混凝土微观结构与宏观性能关系的理解,通过原材料选择、配合比设计和粗骨料优化等措施,在容重不大于1500 kg/m^(3)的控制条件下,轻质高强混凝土的抗压强度可达120 MPa,结构效率系数世界领先,达83.2 kPa/(kg·m^(-3))。文中所展示的轻质高强混凝土制备方法和材料性能,对轻质高强混凝土制备和建筑行业发展有促进作用。

不同粗骨料取代率下粉煤灰再生混凝土的力学性能研究

为探讨不同再生粗骨料取代率下粉煤灰对再生混凝土力学性能的影响,以及再生混凝土抗折强度与再生粗骨料取代率、水胶比之间的关系,以RC30设计强度等级为基础设计了16组配合比,制作了96块再生混凝土试块,主要进行了再生混凝土的抗压强度试验和抗折强度试验。得出如下结论:随粉煤灰掺量的增加,不同再生粗骨料取代率,抗压强度变化规律有所不同;再生粗骨料取代率为0、30%和40%时,抗压强度随粉煤灰掺量的增加整体呈下降趋势;而当再生粗骨料取代率为50%时,随粉煤灰掺量的增加,抗压强度先减小后增大。粉煤灰掺量大于20%时,天然骨料混凝土的抗压强度急剧下降,而再生骨料混凝土的抗压强度降低幅度均较小,大掺量粉煤灰在再生混凝土中或将有更大的应用空间。通过观察抗折强度试件破坏断面,分析再生混凝土变形破坏特征。粉煤灰的掺入提高了天然骨料混凝土的抗折强度,且掺量为20%强度最高。再生粗骨料取代率为30%时,随粉煤灰掺量变化抗折强度整体呈下降趋势,但下降幅度很小;再生粗骨料取代率为40%和50%时,呈先减后增再减的趋势。天然骨料混凝土的折压比随粉煤灰掺量的增加而提高;再生混凝土折压比随粉煤灰掺量的变化趋势与抗折强度一致,但变化幅度略小。粉煤灰对再生混凝土抗折强度的影响大于抗压强度;再生粗骨料取代率为30%,粉煤灰掺量为10%为较优掺量。提出再生混凝土抗折强度预测式。

新型活性矿物海水海砂珊瑚混凝土制备与性能研究

目的选择以海砂和珊瑚作为骨料,海水作为拌合水,采用先预湿珊瑚,再与水泥砂浆拌合的方法,制备一种新型活性矿物海水海砂珊瑚混凝土(Mineral Sea Rock Concrete,MSRC),解决建筑工程中砂石短缺等问题。方法通过坍落度和抗压强度试验,分别分析净水灰比、骨料含水率和砂率对MSRC的和易性与抗压强度的影响。结果砂率在45%~58%内,坍落度随着砂率的增大而增大;砂率在58%~60%内,坍落度随着砂率的增大而减小;骨料含水率为12%时,混凝土拌合物和易性最优,立方体抗压强度最高;净水灰比为0.43、砂率为47%,骨料含水率12%的立方体抗压强度比骨料含水率9%和15%分别高3.9%和10.6%;强度等级相同时,随着砂率的增大,立方体抗压强度先增大后减小;对于强度等级为MSRC20、MSRC25和MSRC30的混凝土配合比,净水灰比分别为0.43、0.41和0.30时,立方体抗压强度取得最大值;MSRC前期抗压强度发展较快,超过15d时,抗压强度增长速度逐渐缓慢;基于试验结果,提出了立方体抗压强度计算公式,通过试验结果及公式计算结果对比可得,提出的计算公式与试验结果吻合良好。结论笔者制备的MSRC具有良好的和易性与力学性能,研究成果可以为MSRC的配合比设计和工程应用提供重要依据。

基于声发射技术的高强全珊瑚钢筋混凝土板破坏特性研究

为了探究全珊瑚钢筋混凝土板破坏特性,设计了3种不同配筋率(0.85%、1.13%和1.41%)的高强全珊瑚钢筋混凝土板构件.结合声发射技术,开展了全珊瑚混凝土板构件四点弯曲加载试验,揭示了配筋率对高强全珊瑚钢筋混凝土板力学性能的影响.基于声发射参数速率过程理论,建立了损伤定量评估模型,并进一步提出了可用于工程实践的损伤评估准则.结果表明:随配筋率增大,高强全珊瑚混凝土板构件起裂荷载、起裂时间与峰值荷载均增大,但中心挠度降低了11.29%;单位时间声发射参数变化均存在2个峰值区,可作为板构件的起裂评判和破坏预兆;根据声发射参数累计值变化可将高强全珊瑚混凝土板构件破坏过程划分为轻度(<0.35)、中度(0.35~0.66)、高度(0.66~0.84)和重度(>0.84)损伤4个程度.所建立模型适用于不同配筋率的全珊瑚混凝土板构件损伤评估.

再生骨料透水混凝土力学和透水性能研究

文中制作不同水灰比和再生骨料添加量的再生骨料透水混凝土试件,经标准养护28 d后,对试件进行立方体抗压强度和透水性能测定。结果表明,随着水灰比的增加,透水混凝土试件的抗压强度和透水率均为先增加后减小;随着再生骨料添加量的增加,抗压强度不断减小而透水性能变化不大。最终确定水灰比为0.25、再生骨料添加量为15%、骨胶比为1?4、添加1.5%减水剂和6%硅粉为再生骨料透水混凝土的最佳配比,该结论为再生骨料透水混凝土的应用提供了技术支持。

圆钢管砖骨料地聚物再生混凝土柱滞回性能试验研究

为探究废弃黏土砖再利用的可行性,对6根圆钢管砖骨料地聚物再生混凝土柱的滞回性能进行了系列试验研究。以不同钢管厚度(4、6 mm)、砖骨料取代率(0%、50%、100%)、轴压比(0.05、0.25、0.50)为参数,得到了试件在往复荷载作下的失效模态、骨架曲线和滞回曲线,并对构件的刚度退化、滞回性能、峰值承载力、延性、承载力退化和耗能能力等抗震性能指标的变化规律分析。结果表明:试件的失效模式表现为底部发生鼓曲、开裂,出现塑性铰的区域核心混凝土破碎,与普通钢管混凝土相似;砖骨料取代率和轴压比的增加会降低试件的承载力,钢管厚度的增加会提高试件的承载力。试件的滞回曲线饱满,表现出不明显的捏缩,表明耗能能力较好;轴压比的增加导致试件的变形能力降低,加快了刚度和承载力的退化速度,增长钢管厚度可以提高试件的变形能力;砖骨料取代率对试件刚度退化、延性、承载能力和耗能能力的影响有限。

方钢管砖混再生骨料混凝土短柱轴压性能有限元研究

目的 研究方钢管砖混再生骨料混凝土短柱的力学性能,推动建筑固废资源化利用。方法 利用ABAQUS软件建立方钢管砖混再生骨料混凝土短柱模型,将模拟结果与试验结果进行对比,验证了模型的正确性。然后分析砖混骨料取代率、倒角率、钢管屈服强度及厚度对短柱轴压力学性能的影响。结果 砖混骨料取代率小于50%时,极限承载力降低幅度在10%以内;当倒角率提高至0.16时,极限承载力有小幅度提升;试件的极限承载力随着钢管的厚度及屈服强度的增大而提高。结论 砖混骨料取代率较小时对试件承载能力影响较小,外包钢管的强度与厚度对试件承载能力有较大影响。对于方柱,适当提高倒角率可以使钢管更好约束混凝土,提高试件承载能力,但倒角率过大时截面面积有较大削弱,承载能力降低。