^(226)Ra and ^(228)Ra tracer study on nutrient transport in east coastal waters of Hainan Island,China

Material fluxes （e.g., nutrients） from coastal waters to offshore areas play an important role in controlling the water quality of the adjacent sea areas not only by increasing nutrient concentration hut also by changing nutrient structures. In this study, naturally occurring isotopes, ^226Ra and ^228Ra, were measured with the alpha spectrometry in the Wenjiao-Wenchang and Wanquan estuaries and adjacent sea areas along the east coast of Hainan Island. The excess ^226Ra and ^228Ra activities were observed by comparison with the values derived from the conservative mixing of freshwater and seawater end-members in both estuaries. Using a one-dimensional diffusion model, the horizontal eddy diffusion coefficient of 3.1 6 × 10^5 cm^2/s, for nutrients diffusing from their sources, was derived from 228Ra activities. Consequently, the corresponding nutrient fluxes flowing into the coastal waters were assessed. The results can provide useful information for the study of the mixing and exchange processes of coastal waters as well as dissoluble pollutant transport in this sea area.

Reconstructing Environmental Changes of a Coastal Lagoon with Coral Reefs in Southeastern Hainan Island

Coastal lagoons with small catchment basins are highly sensitive to natural processes and anthropogenic activities. To figure out the environmental changes of a coastal lagoon and its contribution to carbon burial, two sediment cores were collected in Xincun Lagoon, southeastern Hainan Island and (210) ~Pb activities, grain size parameters, total organic carbon(TOC), total nitrogen(TN), total inorganic carbon(TIC) and stable carbon isotopes(δ^(13)C) were measured. The results show that in 1770–1815, the decreasing water exchange capacity with outer open water, probably caused by the shifting and narrowing of the tidal inlet, not only diminished the currents and fined the sediments in the lagoon, but also reduced the organic matter of marine sources. From 1815 to 1950, the sedimentary environment of Xincun Lagoon was frequently influenced by storm events. These extreme events resulted in the high fluctuation of sediment grain size and sorting, as well as the great variation in contributions of terrestrial(higher plants, soils) and marine sources(phytoplankton, algae, seagrass). The extremely high content of TIC, compared to TOC before 1950 could be attributed to the large-scale coverage of coral reefs. However, with the boost of seawater aquaculture activities after 1970, the health growth of coral species was severely threatened, and corresponding production and inorganic carbon burial flux reduced. The apparent enhanced inorganic carbon burial rate after 1990 might result from the concomitant carbonate debris produced by seawater aquaculture. This result is important for local government long-term coastal management and environmental planning.

SOTER-Based Soil Water Erosion Simulation in Hainan Island

The actual and potential water erosion rates of soils with different landcovers in Hainan Island, China, were estimated based on the universal soil loss equation (USLE) anda 1:200000 Soils and Terrain Digital Database (SOTER) database, from which soil water erosionfactors could be extracted. 92.8% of the whole island had a current erosion rate of lower than 500 tkm^(-2) a^(-1). Soil erosion risk was considered to be high because of its abundant rainfall.Without vegetation cover, the potential soil erosion rate would be extremely high and 90.8% of theisland would have a soil erosion rate higher than 2500 t km^(-2) a^(-1). Relative erosionvulnerability of different soil zones, landform types, and lithological regions of the island wascompared by introducing a relative erosion hazard parameter a. Cambosols developed from siltstoneand mudstone in low hill regions were pinpointed as soils with the highest erosion risk in theisland.

Diversity and distribution of bacterioplankton in the coastal upwelling waters off Hainan Island,China

The diversity,community composition and 16 S rRNA gene abundance of bacterioplankton along a transect across an upwelling area off the eastern coast of Hainan Island(the Qiongdong upwelling)were investigated in August of 2016 using high throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR assay of 16 S rRNA genes.Compared with the offshore stations,the inner-shelf stations had higher bacterial gene abundance(up to 3 fold)and operational taxonomic unit richness,a result of the influence of upwelled and fresher waters.Overall,a majority of the reads were affiliated with Gammaproteobacteria(11%-74%)and Alphaproteobacteria(14%-43%).The structure of the bacterial community was significantly affected by salinity,dissolved oxygen,NO_(3)^(-) and NH_(4)^(+),which also defined the physicochemical features of the upwelled waters.Horizontally,the relative abundances and gene abundances of Rhodobacteraceae,SAR86,Cyanobacteria and Bacteroidetes in eutrophic zone decreased from the inner to outer shelves and slope,whereas Alteromonas,Vibrio and Oceanospirillaceae exhibited an opposite trend.This study stresses the riverine influence on the oceanographic condition and spatial variability of bacterioplankton diversity and distribution in the Qiongdong upwelling.

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON PISIONIDS (ANNELIDA:POLYCHAETA PISIONIDAE) FROM HAINAN ISLAND COASTAL WATERS,SOUTH CHINA SEA

the four species of Pisione Grube (1856) collected from the coastal watersof Hainan Island , the South China Sea , and described in this paper, Pisione hainanensis n. sp.is new to science , Pisione oerstedii Grube , 1857; Pisione complexa Alikunhi , 1947 , and Pisione levisetosa Zhao, Westheide & Wu, 1991 are reported for the first time from this area.

A wind tunnel simulation of the dynamic processes involved in sand dune formation on the western coast of Hainan Island

The western coast of Hainan Island exhibits a savanna landscape. Many types of sand dunes, including transverse dune ridges, longitudinal dune ridges, elliptical dunes, coppice dunes, and climbing dunes, are widely distributed in the coastal zone. In winter, high-frequency and high-energy NE winds （dominant winds） are prevalent, with a resultant drift direction （RDD） of S35.6°W. In spring, low-frequency and low-energy SW secondary winds prevail, with a RDD of N25.1°E. Wind tunnel simulations revealed that the airflow over the dune surface is the main factor controlling the erosion and deposition patterns of dune surfaces and the morphological development of dunes. In the region＇s bidirectional wind environment, with two seasonally distinct energy levels, the airflow over the surface of elliptical dunes, barchan dunes, and transverse dune ridges will exhibit a transverse pattern, whereas the airflow over longitudinal dunes ridges exhibits a lateral pattern and that over climbing dunes exhibits a climbing-circumfluent pattern. These patterns represent different dynamic processes. The coastal dunes on the western coast of Hainan Island are influenced by factors such as onshore winds, sand sources, coastal slopes, rivers, and forest shelter belts. The source of the sand that supplements these dunes particularly influences the development pattern： when there is more sand, the pattern shows positive equilibrium deposition between dune ridges and dunes; otherwise, it shows negative equilibrium deposition. The presence or absence of forest shelter belts also influences deposition and dune development patterns and transformation of dune forms. Coastal dunes and inland desert dunes experience similar dynamic processes, but the former have more diversified shapes and more complex formation mechanisms.

Geomorphology of the Boao coastal system and potential effects of human activities-Hainan Island,South China

The Boao coastal system along the eastern coast of Hainan Island is a dynamic delta-tidal inlet-barrier formed during the late Holocene. The delta developed inside a shallow lagoon barred by a sandy barrier with a narrow, shallow tidal inlet opening. Two major distributary channels separated by small islands characterize the delta. The lagoon is silting up receiving and trapping sediments from both the river and, in minor measure during storms, through the tidal inlet opening and barrier washovers. The barrier at the tidal inlet is highly dynamic and changes its form, accreting (migrating spit) against the inlet during fair-weather conditions and being eroded during storms and river floods. The delta has almost completely filled the lagoon and major concerns exist on the effect that ongoing large development plans may have on the environment. These concerns include the effect on floods and rate of siltation once banks of the islands have been stabilized and floodwater and sediment load are impeded from spreading over the lowlands, and the effect of increasing pollutant loads from the new facilities on the ecosystems of the increasingly restricting lagoon water and on the seashores.

浅析海南岛海岸带的有效保护与合理利用

海岸带的有效保护与合理利用已经成为沿海地区可持续发展的重要途径。文章在回顾海南岛海岸带保护利用研究的基础上,梳理取得的成效和存在的问题,阐释海岸带有效保护与合理利用的重要意义;基于海岸地质和海岸动力对海岸线的控制机理,深刻剖析海南岛海岸带独特而脆弱的生态特征、人类活动影响以及丰富的旅游资源,揭示海岸动力过程和海岸带的重要性以及大气、海洋、陆地如何相互作用;提出海南岛海岸带有效保护与合理利用的新概念,构建海南岛海岸带有效保护与合理利用的顶端战略模型。为促进海南岛海岸带的有效保护与合理利用,必须以生态平衡为本,加强对海岸动力过程的调查研究,科学评估旅游地的承载能力,适时开展资源数据挖掘与监测预警,启动海南岛海洋类世界自然遗产申报及建设工作,探索以“立法先行、统筹规划、宏观调控、科学支撑、财力保障、统一管理、公众参与”为核心的“海南模式”。

海南岛峨蔓五彩湾内海蚀平台对海蚀崖侵蚀的影响研究

全球海洋变化所引起的极端波浪海洋灾害趋强,势必会加剧海南岛的海蚀崖侵蚀地质灾害危险。海蚀平台能够有效衰减波浪能量,从而降低极端波浪对海蚀崖的侵蚀破坏。海南岛西北部的火山岩基岩海岸地区,存在大量海蚀平台地貌,是研究海蚀平台对海蚀崖侵蚀影响的理想地区。文章以海南岛儋州市峨蔓镇的五彩湾基岩海岸为研究对象,利用海洋遥感影像刻画了五彩湾海蚀崖近十年的平均侵蚀速率达0.26m·a^(−1),通过物理海洋分析方法预测了研究区未来100年回归周期可能遭受的最大波高达7.8m,进一步基于海岸地貌研究方法调查了五彩湾倾斜型海蚀平台的地貌特征,及其后部海蚀崖岩石的抗侵蚀强度,从而通过数值计算证明了海蚀平台可以使得未来极端波浪对五彩湾海蚀崖的侵蚀强度平均减缓80%以上。此外,文章进一步探讨了五彩湾海蚀崖底部沉积沙滩、崖底植被和海蚀崖滑塌堆积物的天然护岸作用。

海南岛西部近岸海域碎屑锆石U-Pb同位素年代学物源示踪及其地质意义

海南岛西部近岸海域海砂资源丰富、经济价值巨大,对其物质来源却缺乏系统研究。为解决这一科学问题,为该区域海砂资源的开发利用提供科学依据,对海南岛西部近岸海域和昌化江入海口1 471粒碎屑锆石开展了U-Pb同位素年代学和微区元素地球化学研究。海南岛西部近岸海域年龄范围在3.45 Ga~82 Ma,具有99、241、252 Ma 3个主要年龄峰值,以及113、155、325、357 Ma 4个次要年龄峰值;昌化江入海口具有2.3 Ga~96 Ma的年龄范围,存在101、244、254 Ma 3个主要年龄峰值,以及122、266、281、307、342 Ma 4个次要年龄峰值。结果表明:海南岛西部近岸海域沉积物以具有~99 Ma的显著年龄峰,并缺乏晋宁期、加里东期和喜山期年龄峰为识别标志,海南岛应是其主要物源区,区内丰富的海砂资源来源于海南岛内岩浆岩和沉积岩的风化剥蚀和搬运沉积;海南岛西部近岸海域与昌化江沉积物年龄峰值的差异,指示海南岛西部近岸海域沉积物并非单纯来源于近源昌化江输入,也在北部湾逆时针环流的作用下接受琼西南部河流的物源贡献;更新昌化江入海口的碎屑锆石年龄组成,新识别出的380~310 Ma年龄群,可作为昌化江流域物源的识别标志;本次碎屑锆石年龄频谱特征与海南岛经历的多次重要地质事件相吻合,有助于了解海南岛复杂的地质演化历史。

Submerged Geosynthetic Reef as Shore Protection Measure for Islands

The Sagar Island,located north of the Bay of Bengal,intercepts the flow in the Hoogly estuary that comprises a network of several estuarine distributaries and creeks,which is considered to be one of the largest estuarine systems in the world.The Hooghly River experiences a tidal range in the order of about 4 m,due to which the tide-generated currents drive the sediments which are continuously set in motion.The temple,Kapil Muni(21°38'15.35"N,88°4'30.56"E)is located on the south-western side of Sagar Island,where an annual religious festival and rituals with about a million pilgrims is conducted.The pertinent erosion problem at a rate of about 5 m/year is prevalent at the site has considerably reduced the beach width,thereby,resulting in reduced space for religious as well as recreational activities along the coast.A novel cross-section for the proposed submerged reef using geosynthetic materials is designed considering the different sitespecific,environmental,and socio-economic conditions.The submerged reef can effectively be devised to redistribute the current circulation pattern and trap the sediment for beach restoration.The performance of such a structure depends on its geometrical and structural characteristics,the location of the reef(i.e.)the water depth at the toe,distance from the coastline,wave-structure interaction,sediment transport and local morpho dynamics.The aforesaid criteria were optimized using a numerical model which predicted the average residual velocity in the site to be in the order of about 1 m/s.Owing to logistical constraints geosynthetic materials had to be employed.The detailed design of such a system arrived through numerical modelling and field measurements are presented and discussed in this paper.

应用RUSLE模型和多源数据海南岛水土流失风险空间分析

为了全面评估海南岛水土流失风险,使用遥感和GIS技术,整合多源异构空间数据集,结合RUSLE模型,评价其水土流失强度等级及流失量特征。结果表明,海南岛土壤侵蚀模数为3.16t/hm^(2)·a,整体属微度等级,总水土流失量为4.66×10^(6)t/a;各风险等级所占面积依次为轻度(91.47%)>中度(6.06%)>剧烈(1.52%)>强度(0.72%)>极强(0.23%),相应地产生的流失量占比依次为剧烈(2.08%)<极强(4.54%)<强度(5.53%)<中度(12.60%)<轻度(75.24%)。海南岛水土流失风险呈破碎化分布,高侵蚀模数主要分布于环岛25~60km地带的丘陵、山地地带。

基于碳储存变化的海岸带生态系统修复策略——以海南岛东南海岸带为例

碳达峰碳中和、国土空间生态修复、海域海岛可持续管理均是国家重大发展战略的重要内容。海南东南海岸带近年来因自然因素、人为干扰和全球气候变化的影响,生态系统破坏严重,碳汇功能明显下降。其生态质量的下降与海南自由贸易港和国家生态文明建设试验区的定位要求明显不符,基于碳储存的生态系统修复工作亟需开展。文章以海南岛东南海岸带为例,基于InVEST模型的碳储存模块,结合研究区2000、2010、2020年土地利用数据,估算研究区碳储量,划分“碳汇、碳源区”,评价其碳储存功能,识别近20年来研究区碳损失状况,明晰碳损失严重区域,划分生态修复功能区。结果表明:2000—2020年,研究区建设用地扩张明显,林草地面积削减;生态系统受到不同程度的破坏,碳储量持续下降,20年降低了0.11 Gt;碳储量低的区域沿着海岸带环线向内陆延伸,万宁市区域单位栅格碳密度值最低,三亚市区域单位栅格碳密度降低最多;碳源区面积始终大于碳汇区面积,碳储存功能为差和极差的区域面积分别为39.84和27.31 km^(2),主要分布于北部万宁市和乐镇、南部蜈支洲岛上方、西南部三亚市右侧等区域;基于碳损失和生态系统服务价值等级细分了自然修复区、人工辅助区、重建修复区和适度开发区,并针对性、差异化地提出包括退养还湿、岸线修复、湿地重建、加强监管等修复策略。

海南岛生态系统土壤保持空间分布特征及生态经济价值评估

在地理信息系统的支持下 ,采用通用土壤流失方程 ( USLE)及其修改式估算了海南岛现实土壤侵蚀量和潜在土壤侵蚀量 ,得到了海南岛生态系统土壤保持的空间分布特征 ,研究表明 :中部山区的生态系统的土壤保持能力较其它地区大 ,全岛年土壤保持总量为 1 .58× 1 0 7t,并利用市场价值法 ,机会成本法和影子工程法评价了各类型生态系统的土壤保持价值。海南岛年土壤保持总价值为 74 92 .4 1万元 ,其中减少土地废弃价值为 4 9.37万元 ,保护土壤肥力价值为 72 74 .2 2万元 ,减轻泥沙淤积价值为 1 68.

海南岛南渡江三角洲的废弃与侵蚀

讨论了海南岛南渡江三角洲由发展到废弃的演化过程，分析了不同废弃阶段的河口平面形态由东向西变化等特征，对比活动三角洲与废弃三角洲的显著地貌差异．此外还讨论了活动三角洲前缘潮流在岸外较深水区的侵蚀作用和泥沙的向东搬运，以及波浪在近岸较浅水区的侵蚀作用和泥沙的向西和向岸的搬运．

GIS支持下的海南岛土壤侵蚀空间分布特征

在地理信息系统的支持下,采用通用土壤流失方程(USLE) 及其修改式估算了海南岛现实土壤侵蚀量和潜在土壤侵蚀量,分析了土壤侵蚀因子R,K,LS在海南岛的表现,得到了海南岛现实土壤侵蚀量和潜在土壤侵蚀量的空间分布特征。研究结果表明:中部山区的现实土壤侵蚀量和潜在土壤侵蚀量均较其它地区大。

海南岛东南部海湾350年古风暴事件沉积与历史文献记录对比

本项研究试图从沉积记录中分析古风暴事件的时间序列。以海南岛东南部黎安潟湖和新村潟湖钻孔沉积物为研究对象,选取沉积物粒度、有机质和碳酸盐含量等参数建立台风事件的鉴别指标,同时利用放射性核素210Pb计年确定沉积物柱状样的年代序列,对海南岛东南部的古风暴活动进行了分析。结果显示,柱状岩心的粒度指标、有机质和碳酸盐含量清晰地记录了海南省东南部过去350年期间的35次特大风暴潮事件,与历史文献资料对比良好。基于历史文献和沉积记录的风暴潮事件恢复了近350年来的风暴活动历史,发现海南省东南部特大风暴事件频数与厄尔尼诺强度有显著关系,同时还可能受到太平洋涛动和太阳黑子活动等多种因素的综合影响。恢复海岸带地区长时间尺度高分辨率的古风暴记录,为探讨全新世以来古风暴活动的气候响应机制提供了有效信息。

海南岛近岸海域鱼类群落结构研究

根据2006—2007年在海南岛近岸区进行了4个航次的底拖网调查资料,分析了海南岛近岸区的鱼类种类组成和群落特征。结果显示,海南岛近岸区鱼类丰富,共捕获283种,隶属于21目100科170属,暖水性种占83.4%,暖温性种类16.6%;与大西洋、印度洋和太平洋的共有种分别为12种、173种、283种,与黄渤海、东海、日本、菲律宾和印度尼西亚的共种分别为75种、217种、186种、131种和151种;相对资源量指数与相对资源密度指数的季节变化趋势相一致,最高值在夏季,最低值在冬季;优势种(IRI≥500)为发光鲷(Acropoma japonicum)、斑鳍天竺鱼(Apogonichthys carinatus)、黄斑鲾(Leiognathus bindus)、皮氏叫姑鱼(Johnius belengeri)、大头白姑鱼(Argyrosomus macrocephalus)、鯻(Therapon thraps)、棕斑腹刺魨(Gastrophysus spadiceus)和麦氏犀鳕(Bregmaceros macclellandi)。

海南岛东北部海滩侵蚀与恢复对连续台风的复杂响应

在连续台风作用下海滩的侵蚀与恢复是一个复杂的过程。基于海南岛东北部木兰-抱虎湾海滩的现场调查,对比分析台风"威马逊"和"海鸥"登陆前后海滩剖面和后滨沉积物的动态响应。结果表明,超强台风"威马逊"引起海滩的严重侵蚀和强烈的泥沙输移,在木兰湾海滩主要表现出由北向南沿岸海滩的差异性变化,在抱虎湾各海滩变化较为相近;后继登陆台风"海鸥"引起海滩显著堆积,对海滩主要起恢复作用,木兰湾海滩恢复效果明显,海滩后滨沉积物趋于恢复至台风前的状态,由于抱虎湾水下珊瑚礁及近岸岩礁地貌减缓了台风对该处海滩的侵蚀和堆积作用,抱虎湾海滩表现出与台风前较大差异性。两处海湾海滩的不同走向及台风的风向变化也是造成海滩不同响应的重要原因。研究将有助于更好地理解海滩对连续台风作用的复杂响应。

海南文昌滨海台地不同森林林下灌草多样性及其与土壤因子关联分析

采用典型抽样法,选取海南岛滨海台地3种典型热带森林类型(椰子林、人促更新次生林、次生林),对林下物种多样性及其土壤理化性质进行调查研究,并探讨物种多样性与土壤因子的相关性。结果表明:灌木层中东风桔(Atalantia buxifolia)、琼崖海棠(Calophyllum inophyllum)是3种森林类型的共有物种,其中在椰子林和人促更新次生林林型下占有较大优势;草本层中牛膝(Achyranthes bidentata)和地桃花(Urena lobata)是3种森林类型共有草本植物,但并非是优势种。次生林和人促更新次生林林下灌木层的多样性指数与均匀度指数都较高,林下物种组成相对复杂,共有树种有11种,相似系数高达45%。次生林林下植物多样性与土壤全氮、全磷、有效磷、速效钾及铵态氮之间达极显著正相关关系;人促更新次生林植物多样性与土壤全钾、全氮、速效钾、无机氮及铵态氮之间达极显著正相关;椰子林林下植物多样性与土壤各养分含量之间的相关性不明显。经多元逐步回归分析证实:滨海台地热带林土壤p H、全磷、全钾、速效钾、有效磷、铵态氮及无机氮共7个土壤因子对林下植物多样性具有显著影响。