Distribution of Dissolved Inorganic Arsenic and Its Seasonal Variations in the Coastal Area of the East China Sea

Water samples were collected in the coastal area of the Changjiang Estuary on four cruises from August 2002 to May 2003. The seasonal variations of dissolved inorganic arsenic （DIAs） distributions were analyzed. The results showed that the distributions of DIAs were mainly influenced by Water （KSSW）. The concentration of the total dissolved the terrestrial input and the intrusion of the Kuroshio Subsurface inorganic arsenic （TDIAs） decreased consecutively from winter to summer, while it increased in autumn. The distributions of TDIAs showed some relationships with salinity and suspended particulate matter （SPM）. The relationships between DIAs speciation （including arsenite [ As（ Ⅲ ） ] and arsenate [ As（ Ⅴ ） ]）, biological activity and the availabilities of the phosphate were investigated in the study area for the cruise August 2002. The ratio of As （Ⅲ）/TDIAs increased with the decrease of phosphate concentrations. In the bottom water, the As（ Ⅲ ）/TDIAs ratio decreased with the increasing of N/P. The concentration of TDIAs decreased 28.7% approximately after the occurrence of harmful algal blooms （HAB） because of the uptake of arsenate by algae. Further study is needed about the arsenic source/sink relationships in their vertical or horizontal profiles and the uptake mechanism during the occurrence of harmful algal blooms.

RELATIVE SEA LEVEL RISE AND ITS EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES IN CHINAS COASTAL AREAS

Due to global climate warming and natural and man-made land subsidence etc., relative sea level rise in the coastal plains of China will exceed 2-3 times over the golbal mean value during the first half part of the 21st century. It will result in a series of adverse impacts on evolution of natural environment and socioeconomic development of the coastal area. This paper analyses environmental and resource effects induced by relative sea level rise in China's coastal areas on the basis of rough estimate of future relative sea level rise. These effects include inundating tidal flat and wetlands and increase in inundated risk of coastal habitable land,exacerbating storm surge. coastal erosion, flooding and salt water intrusion hazards.as well as endangering land. water. tourism and living resources and their utilization.

The difference analysis of physical-mechanical properties of sediments in the central South Yellow Sea and Zhe-Min coastal area in China

The difference analysis of physical-mechanical properties of muddy sediments is made in the central South Yellow Sea and the Zhe-Min（Zhejiang Province to Fujian Province of China） coastal area. The results show that sediments in the two regions are both dominated by mud. There are perfect negative power function correlations between the water content and the density, the compression coefficient and the compression modulus; a good positive power function correlation between the liquid limit and the plastic limit, a perfect positive linear correlation between the water content and the void ratio, and a perfect polynomial function correlation between the miniature vane shear strength and the pocket penetration resistance. In general, compared with sediments in the Zhe-Min coastal area, sediments in the central South Yellow Sea possess high water content, high void ratio,low density, high plasticity, high compressibility, low shear strength. The causes of the differences between physical-mechanical properties of sediments are analyzed from the topographic features, material sources,hydrodynamic conditions, deposition rate, and material composition. Compared with the Zhe-Min coastal area,the central South Yellow Sea is far from the Mainland and low-lying; has poor hydrodynamic condition; the materials diffused to the area are less and dominated by fine clay, have the high content of smectite and organic matters. These factors lead to sediments of the central South Yellow Sea has the higher water content, the higher plasticity, the lower density, and the lower strength than sediments in the Zhe-Min coastal area.

The sea/land breeze in the northern coastal area of Shandong Peninsula

In this paper the seasonal variation and structural characteristics of the sea/ land breeze in the northern coastal area of' Shandong Peninsula are studied in two ways: one is the analysis of the observed wind data, and the other is numerical simulation and experiments. Firstly, the hour to hour wind data through the year 1984 at Longkou Meteorological Station and Yantai Oceanographic Station are analysed through energy spectra and hodograph. It is revealed from the analysed results that the effects of the sea/ land breeze in the area are notable in spring, summer and fall, especially in May. However, in winter the effects of sea / land breeze are not obvious. because the cold noitherly is prevailing. Secondly, a two-dimensional non- linear model of primitive equations is used to study the sea / land breeze circulation in May in the area. The results of numerical simulation consist basically with the analysed results of the observed sea / land breeze. A reasonable theoretical structure of the sea / land breeze circulation is displayed, and a new undeerslanding of the developmental mechanism of land breeze circulation in that area is obtained. Lastly, numerical experiments about the effects of large scale wind and temperature fields upon the sea / land breeze circulation are performed.

Modern sea level changes of the Eastern China Seas and their influences on coastal areas

The statistics of tidal gauging records showed that the mean sea level of the China Seas has risen for 14 cm in past 100 years. The annual mean sea levels of the Eastern China Seas have been rising at a speed of about 0.21 -0.23 cm/a since 1960. The annual mean sea levels of the Eastern China Seas in 1989 were 1.45 cm higher than that in 1988 on average.The sea level rise may cause the damage of the dynamical balance of the natural environments in the coastal area? and form or strengthen many coastal disasters, such as storm-tide catastrophic events, sea water invasion landward, soil salinization in coastal lowland and plains, and beach erosion retreat.

Impacts of Sea Level Rise on the Coastal Areas to the West of the Bohai Bay

Based on the assumption of global sea level rising between 30 and 100 cm in the future 100 years by IPCC (1990) in addition to the effect of local ground subsidence, the coastline will retrograde for 50-70 km whose altitudes will be 2.6-3 .3m above MSL of Huanghai Sea in the western coastal area of the Bohai bay in 2100. The transgrassive area is about 10,000-11 ,500 km. If the effect of set-up of storm surge is considered, the transgressive area will reach 16,000 km. Sea level rise which is a serious coastal disaster not only inundates a lot of coastal lowland, but also increases the frequency and intensity of storm tides, and results in the salinization of soils. In vies of this situation we recommend a trinity comprehensive measure of treatment, namely, "building seawall to prevent tides-diverting the Hunaghe River to settle its sediment loads -raising the constructional base".

Distribution and Characteristics of Hazardous Geological Features in the Marine Coastal and Offshore Areas of Zhejiang Province, East China Sea

Newly acquired high-resolution shallow seismic profiles(7069 km in length) in the coastal and offshore areas of Zhejiang Province, East China Sea, China, have revealed eight marine hazardous geological features: shallow gas, sand ridges, erosion ditches, scarps, irregular bedrock features, underwater shoals, buried paleo-channels, and submarine deltas. Based on the seismic profiles, we have constructed a marine geological map of these hazardous features. Shallow gas accumulations are common and occur mainly in two separate nearshore regions that cover 4613 and 3382 km^2 respectively. There are also scattered shallow gas accumulations in the offshore area, typically accompanied by paleo-channels that occur mainly in the middle of the study area. Sand ridges, erosion ditches, scarps, and irregular bedrock features are found mainly in the northeast of the study area in association with each other. In the southeastern part of the study area, the sand ridges have a linear form and trend NW–SE, representing the western part of the linear sand ridges in the East China Sea. The maximum slope gradient is 1?, which suggests that this area is prone to landslides. These hazardous marine geological features are important to marine and engineering activities in this region.

Preliminary Analysis of Sea Use Planning Strategies in Coastal Cities:A Case Study of Binhai New Area in Tianjin City

Through investigating current sea use in coastal cities of China,and exploring foreign and domestic researches on sea use,this paper took Binhai New Area of Tianjin City for example to analyze major problems of its sea use in ecological security,planar form,land use layout,specialized planning,management and regulatory mechanism,then proposed strategies from 4 perspectives,namely ecological conservation and restoration,optimization of planning planar form,optimization of planning land use layout,and planning management,in order to provide references and instructions for the sea use planning of Chinese coastal cities.

浙闽海域冬季悬沙锋的次中尺度现象

次中尺度运动是海洋中重要的动力过程,但是目前对浙闽海域悬沙锋的次中尺度现象及其动力特征的关注较少。本文基于高时空分辨率的GOCI卫星遥感影像、实测表层悬沙浓度数据以及海表涡流数据等,研究了悬沙锋时空分布特征及其次中尺度过程。研究结果表明,浙闽近岸的悬沙锋在冬季普遍发育,主要分布在浙闽海域20~25m等深线附近,但在浙江北部约29°N海域和台湾岛北部26~27°N海域锋面向海突出,指示了近海高浓度悬浮泥沙的向海输运;浙闽悬沙锋次中尺度现象显著,多表现相对涡度的气旋性涡旋;悬沙锋位置逐步向南移动,主要与冬季偏北风产生的西南向沿岸流有关;冬季大风事件有利于锋面次中尺度过程发育。

蔡康海疆开发思想探析——以东沙岛开发思想为例

清朝末年,在海洋主权意识受到刺激和社会经济环境的孕育之下,蔡康形成了较为全面系统的海疆开发思想。蔡康提出了3种开发模式,而尤其重视招商承办,认为其最具可行性。在招商问题上,他主张宽商惠商,坚持民族资本主导开发,这对后来海疆治理极具指导意义。探讨蔡康的思想,既是总结历史,也可以为我国当今的海疆开发建设提供借鉴。

ERA5资料在天津沿海海陆风特征分析中的适用性评估

使用2018年3月—2021年2月欧洲中期天气预报中心ERA5资料和站点逐小时风向、风速等资料,采用常规方法筛选天津沿海海陆风事件,比较分析不同资料呈现出的海陆风起讫时间、持续时间、强度等指标表征的海陆风特征的年均和季节差异,以评估ERA5资料的适用性。结果表明:(1)2套资料四季分布对应较好,均能显示夏季海陆风日数最多这一基本特征;海风持续时间较陆风持续时间更长,年均强度高于陆风,最强均出现在春季。(2)年均差异主要表现为,站点资料显示的海风开始和结束时间呈弱双峰结构,陆风开始和结束时间均早于ERA5资料,平均海风和陆风持续时间短于ERA5资料。(3)季节差异主要表现为,ERA5资料显示陆风强度极小值出现在夏季,海风最长持续时间主要出现在秋季;站点资料显示陆风强度极小值在秋季,海风最长持续时间出现在春、夏两季。评估结果显示,较长时间序列ERA5资料与站点资料的相关性较高,适用于天津沿海海陆风特征研究。

上海沿海海浪警报发布标准研究

应用GB/T 41165-2021《海洋预报结果准确性检验评估方法》,对上海沿海2007—2020年发布的海浪警报作全面的准确性检验评估,详细分析空报与漏报的发生原因,并应用历史长期风浪资料,统计分析上海沿海各个测波点所在海域的波浪特征,评估2 m以上波浪过程的分布状况,结合警报的检验结果,合理与科学地给出上海沿海4个海域的海浪警报发布标准。

基于证据链理论的海疆历史档案证据性产品开发实证研究

我国拥有丰富的海疆历史档案,依托证据链理论,开发其证据性产品,有助于从文化宣示主权的视角,维护我国领海主权完整与安全。论文借助证据链理论,从开发主体、开发对象、开发环节、开发服务四个要素维度,构建海疆历史档案证据性产品开发模式,并以国务院新闻办公室发布的《钓鱼岛是中国的固有领土》白皮书为例,开展实证研究。

陆海统筹视角下滨海地区国土空间生态修复路径与实践

由于滨海地区地理区位和生态系统的特殊性、复杂性,以及陆海空间策略的差异性,其传统的生态修复无法完全适配《省级国土空间生态修复规划编制指南》(试行)等文件的工作思路,应系统性总结滨海地区生态系统的特点,创新性探索陆海统筹视角下滨海地区国土空间生态修复规划路径,并以深圳市大鹏新区为例,探讨在我国生态文明建设背景下,滨海地区面向多目标、系统化的生态保护修复重点,同时将工程项目细化到绩效指标层面,加强规划的传导性和对项目实施的指导性,旨在为滨海地区提供以陆海统筹为引领、以“格局—策略—单元—工程”为主线的国土空间生态修复规划新思路。

基于GIS的宋元宁波海域海商聚落分布特征及影响因素研究

受海洋贸易影响,宋元宁波海域催生出大量的海商聚落,构成了我国传统海洋聚落的重要代表,对理解历史时期海洋与人群互动关系具有重要意义。但学界长期以来仅关注宁波海域内宁波、舟山等个案,忽视了整体海商聚落对于海洋贸易运作系统的重要性。文章借助GIS工具,以宋元宁波海域海商聚落为研究基础,采用线、核密度分析等方法,分析海商聚落区段、纵深、关联等分布特征。结果发现,海商聚落的生长取决于岸线曲折与水面深浅,而区域网络化的海洋贸易则是其生存的基础。

浙江沿海基于浮标的有效波高分析和数值预报订正

基于2010年10月―2022年12月浙江沿海5个浮标站观测资料和2020—2022年欧洲中期天气预报中心细网格模式海浪和海面10 m风预报资料,对浮标站的风、浪相关性进行分析,对有效波高预报进行评估和订正方法研究。0~240 h预报偏差和均方根误差表明:模式对远岸浮标的预报比实况稍偏大,对近岸浮标预报则略偏小,预报不稳定性随预报时效的延长而增大。远离海岸的浮标站24 h预报与实况的相关性高于近岸站,两者的相关系数分别约为0.94和0.85。有效波高预报存在一定系统偏差,且是预报误差的主要来源。近岸浮标有效波高预报值小于观测值,远岸浮标的预报值偏差则随着有效波高的增大由正转负,负偏差的绝对值逐渐增大。对于远岸浮标,仅针对有效波高进行预报和实况的一元一次回归就有很好的订正效果,但近岸浮标受地形影响大,海浪预报的误差更大,同时引入有效波高和10 m风速作为预报因子,进行二元一次回归的订正效果更好。订正方程应用到同类型的周边海区浮标站仍然有很好的订正效果,可推广到浙江沿海同类型海区。

汉魏之际“附于海”地治策及相关问题探析——以青、徐近海政区沿革为中心

建安三年(198),曹操委“青徐豪霸”以“青、徐二州附于海”,并调整了“附于海”地的政区格局。此举旨在稳定“郡滨山海”的“附于海”地,其地“群贼”众多,活动轨迹多变,颇具现实威胁。“东莱贼”和“海贼”同气连枝,是近海“群贼”的代表。经此调整,“附于海”地政区格局在汉魏之际出现了从简入繁再入简的波动,“青徐豪霸”和“群贼”异构同源,在曹操“厚纳待”下“执义征暴,清定海岱”。南北近海政权围绕“附于海”地积极开展海上事业,“追求从陆到海”之新海洋意识在汉魏之际的“附于海”地得到了具体呈现。

基于陆海统筹的海岸带地区详细规划编制探索——以深圳海洋新城为例

陆海统筹理念是一种全方位系统思维,从根本上转变了以陆看海、以陆定海的传统思维,强调统筹海域和陆域两个系统在经济、社会、文化、生态等方面协调发展。海岸带地区作为包含海域和陆域的独特空间单元,是陆海统筹最直接的空间载体。本研究基于陆海统筹理念和深圳海洋新城的规划实践,梳理海岸带地区详细规划的研究进展以及识别管控关键议题,从陆海生态保育、陆海韧性安全、陆海功能协同三个角度探索海岸带地区详细规划编制的重点内容并提出建议,为沿海城市海岸带地区详细规划编制思路和技术重点提供参考。

海南三亚湾海域水质状况评价

本文根据 1 998年 1 0月至 1 999年 8月海南三亚湾海域水质监测结果 ,分析了各水质参数的周年变化 ,在对各水质参数进行污染指数计算的基础上 ,应用水质综合评价模式 ,对该海域进行水质评价 .结果表明 :(1 )受河口和港口高含量测值的影响 ,三亚湾海域水质呈现轻度污染状态 ,河口水质已接近严重污染 ;(2 )除重金属Pb外 ,该海域其它水质参数均未超出一类海水水质标准 .(3)降雨和径流为三亚湾海域水质参数变化的控制因子 .