Design and high-power testing of offline conditioning cavity for CiADS RFQ high-power coupler

To validate the design rationality of the power coupler for the RFQ cavity and minimize cavity contamination,we designed a low-loss offline conditioning cavity and conducted high-power testing.This offline cavity features two coupling ports and two tuners,operating at a frequency of 162.5 MHz with a tuning range of 3.2 MHz.Adjusting the installation angle of the coupling ring and the insertion depth of the tuner helps minimize cavity losses.We performed electromagnetic structural and multiphysics simulations,revealing a minimal theoretical power loss of 4.3%.However,when the cavity frequency varied by110 kHz,theoretical power losses increased to10%,necessitating constant tuner adjustments during conditioning.Multiphysics simulations indicated that increased cavity temperature did not affect frequency variation.Upon completion of the offline high-power conditioning platform,we measured the transmission performance,revealing a power loss of 6.3%,exceeding the theoretical calculation.Conditioning utilized efficient automatic range scanning and standing wave resonant methods.To fully condition the power coupler,a 15°phase difference between two standing wave points in the condition-ing system was necessary.Notably,the maximum continuous wave power surpassed 20 kW,exceeding the expected target.

MoM Analysis and Design of a Compact Coaxial-to-Microstrip Directional Coupler

In order to overcome the main drawbacks of coaxial, waveguide, and stripline couplers, the analysis and the design of a compact coaxial-to-microstrip directional coupler convenient for power and antenna control application, are presented using the method of moments (MoM) in two dimensions. This technique is adapted to study the complex configuration of the line’s system, which does not have a simple analytical solution. The modeling of this structure consists in analyzing the primary inductive and capacitive matrices ([L] and [C]). When these matrices are determined, it is possible to calculate the inductive and capacitive coupling coefficients (kL and kC) and estimate the resulting scattering parameters of the coupler using an adapted numerical model. The coupler can be integrated into a printed circuit board (PCB) and operates over 17 to 35 dB coupling coefficients and is always compensated. The compensation is achieved by the proper displacement of a tuning ground plane with respect to the edge of the PCB from 0.1 to 3.3 mm. As an application, we present the design of a compact coupler with 7.5 × 4.8 × 25.8 mm of size and having approximately 20 dB of coupling coefficient at 2 GHz and a minimum directivity of 23.3 dB in the frequency range [0.1 - 4] GHz. In order to check our numerical calculations by the MoM we made simulations in 3D by using CST MICROWAVE STUDIO software for the same geometrical and physical parameters of our designed coupler. The results obtained by the two numerical models (MoM and CST) show a good agreement of the frequency responses of the coaxial-to-microstrip directional coupler. The studied structure represents a great improvement for high power measurement systems, since it has broad-band, good directivity, and can be easily designed and fabricated.

Influence of quick release valve on braking performance and coupler force of heavy haul train

We establish a simulation model based on the theory of air flow to analyze the accelerated release effect of the quick release valve inside the air brake control valve.In addition, the combined simulation system of train air brake system and longitudinal train dynamics is used to analyze how the parameters of the quick release valve in the 120/120–1 brake control valve affect the propagation characteristics of the train brake pipe pressure wave, the release action range of the accelerated brake, and the longitudinal coupler force for a 20,000-ton heavy haul train on the section of the Datong–Qinhuangdao Railway. The results show that the quick release valve can effectively accelerate the rising speed of the train brake pipe pressure during the initial release, as the accelerated release effect is evident before the train brake pipe pressure reaches582 k Pa. The quick release valve can effectively accelerate the release of the rear cars, reducing the longitudinal coupler force impact due to time delay of the release process. The quick release valve can effectively reduce the tensile coupler force in the train by as much as 20% in certain cases.

The influence of AAR coupler features on estimation of in-train forces

Inadequate management of large in-train forces transferred through coupler systems of a railway train leads to running and structural failures of vehicles.Understanding these phenomena and their mitigation requires accurate estimation of relative motions and in-train forces between vehicle bodies.Previous numerical studies have ignored inertia of coupling elements and the impacts between couplers.Thus,existing models underestimate the additional dynamic variations in in-train forces.Detailed multi-body dynamic models of two AAR(Association of American Railroads)coupler systems used in passenger and freight trains are developed,incorporating coupler inertia and various slacks.Due to the modeling and simulation com-plexities involved in a full train model,with such details of coupler system,actual longitudinal train dynamics is not studied.A system comprising only two coupling units,inter-connecting two consecutive vehicles,is modeled.Considered system has been fixed at one end and an excitation force is applied at the other end,to mimic a relative force transmission through combined coupler system.Simulation results obtained from this representative system show that,noticeable influence in in-train forces are expected due to the combined effect of inertia of couplers and intermittent impacts between couplers in the slack regime.Maximum amplitude of longitudinal reaction force,transferred from draft gear housing to vehicle body,is expected to be significantly higher than that predicted using existing models of coupler system.It is also observed that the couplers and knuckles are subjected to significant longitudinal and lateral contact forces,due to the intermittent impacts between couplers.Thus,accurate estimation of draft gear reaction force and impact forces between couplers are essential to design vehicle and coupler components,respectively.

A phenomenological model of the fundamental power coupler for a superconducting resonator

In this study,a phenomenological model of the radio frequency(RF)behavior of a superconducting cavity fundamental power coupler is proposed by analyzing the simulation results of a transient beam-loading process in an extremely overcoupled superconducting cavity.Using this phenomenological model,the calculation of the transient reflected power from a superconducting cavity under beam loading can be mathematically simplified to algebraic operations without solving the differential equation governing the transient beam-loading process,while maintaining the calculation accuracy.Moreover,this phenomenological model can facilitate an intuitive understanding of the significant surge in the time evolution of reflected power from a superconducting cavity in certain beam-loading processes.The validity of this phenomenological model was carefully examined in various beam-loading processes and cavity conditions,and the method based on this phenomenological model was utilized in the transient RF analysis of the superconducting cavity system of the CAFe Linac,achieving satisfactory results.

Fast and perfect state transfer in superconducting circuit with tunable coupler

In quantum computation and quantum information processing, the manipulation and engineering of quantum systems to suit certain purposes are an ongoing task. One such example is quantum state transfer(QST), an essential requirement for both quantum communication and large-scale quantum computation. Here we engineer a chain of four superconducting qubits with tunable couplers to realize the perfect state transfer(PST) protocol originally proposed in quantum spin networks and successfully demonstrate the efficient transfer of an arbitrary single-qubit state from one end of the chain to the other,achieving a high fidelity of 0.986 in just 25 ns. This demonstrated QST is readily to extend to larger chain and multi-node configurations, thus serving as a desirable tool for scalable quantum information processing.

A rigid-flexible coupling finite element model of coupler for analyzing train instability behavior during collision

Rail vehicles generate huge longitudinal impact loads in collisions.If unreasonable matching exists between the compressive strength of the intermediate coupler and the structural strength of the car body,the risk of car body structure damage and train derailment will increase.Herein,a four-stage rigid-flexible coupling finite element model of the coupler is established considering the coupler buckling load.The influence of the coupler buckling load on the train longitudinal-vertical-hori-zontal buckling behavior was studied,and the mechanism of the train horizontal buckling instability in train collisions was revealed.Analysis results show that an intermediate coupler should be designed to ensure that the actual buckling load is less than the compressive load when the car body structure begins to deform plastically.The actual buckling load of the coupler and the asymmetry of the structural strength of the car body in the lateral direction are two important influencing factors for the lateral buckling of a train collision.If the strength of the two sides of the car body structure in the lateral direction is asymmetrical,the deformation on the weaker side will be larger,and the end of the car body will begin to deflect under the action of the coupler force,which in turn causes the train to undergo sawtooth buckling.

Design Optimization of Permanent Magnet Eddy Current Coupler Based on an Intelligence Algorithm

The permanent magnet eddy current coupler(PMEC)solves the problem of flexible connection and speed regulation between the motor and the load and is widely used in electrical transmission systems.It provides torque to the load and generates heat and losses,reducing its energy transfer efficiency.This issue has become an obstacle for PMEC to develop toward a higher power.This paper aims to improve the overall performance of PMEC through multi-objective optimization methods.Firstly,a PMEC modeling method based on the Levenberg-Marquardt back propagation(LMBP)neural network is proposed,aiming at the characteristics of the complex input-output relationship and the strong nonlinearity of PMEC.Then,a novel competition mechanism-based multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm(NCMOPSO)is proposed to find the optimal structural parameters of PMEC.Chaotic search and mutation strategies are used to improve the original algorithm,which improves the shortcomings of multi-objective particle swarm optimization(MOPSO),which is too fast to converge into a global optimum,and balances the convergence and diversity of the algorithm.In order to verify the superiority and applicability of the proposed algorithm,it is compared with several popular multi-objective optimization algorithms.Applying them to the optimization model of PMEC,the results show that the proposed algorithm has better comprehensive performance.Finally,a finite element simulation model is established using the optimal structural parameters obtained by the proposed algorithm to verify the optimization results.Compared with the prototype,the optimized PMEC has reduced eddy current losses by 1.7812 kW,increased output torque by 658.5 N·m,and decreased costs by 13%,improving energy transfer efficiency.

Coupler Loss Analysis of Magnetically Coupled Resonant Wireless Power Transfer System

The demand for electric vehicles has increased over the past few years.Wireless power transfer for electric vehicles provides more flexibility than traditional plug-in charging technology.Charging couplers are critical components in wireless power transfer systems.The thermal effect produced by the magnetic coupler in work will cause the temperature of the device to rise rapidly,affecting the work efficiency,transfer power,operation reliability,and service life.This paper modeled and analyzed each component's temperature distribution characteristics and thermal behavior.Firstly,the magnetic coupler's mutual inductance and magnetic circuit model are established,and the thermal model of the magnetic coupler analyzes the heat generation process.The thermal models of the coupler under three different magnetic core distributions are established,and the temperature rise of each component is obtained.The temperature rise of different parts of the coupler is verified by the temperature rise test structure of the experiment.

大气隙外笼型转子磁力耦合器设计及性能研究

采用Halbach单侧聚磁特性,设计出了一种大气隙外笼型转子磁力耦合器(Long Air Gap External-cage Rotor Magnetic Coupler,LAEMC),并分析了其运行特性、调速特性及散热特性,推导出LAEMC电磁转矩解析表达式,据此分析了结构参数对电磁转矩的影响,得出了不同磁化比的Halbach结构对LAEMC电磁转矩的影响规律;根据LAEMC的运行特性,分析了其在离心式负载、恒功率负载及恒转矩负载的调速特性,表明其仅适合离心式负载调速并具有良好的节能效果;在离心式负载转差率为33%处的最大功率损耗点对LAEMC进行热仿真计算,得到永磁体工作温度约为60℃,而通过气隙与之相隔的笼条温度约为360℃,两者温度差达300℃以上,表明所提出的大气隙外笼型转子磁力耦合器———LAEMC在离心式负载上既具有良好的运行特性也具有良好的隔热效果。

不同初始姿态下城际列车车钩碰撞特性及脱轨风险分析

列车碰撞时车钩缓冲装置经常存在初始姿态偏置,影响列车运动姿态,增加脱轨风险。本文以某城际列车全自动车钩为研究对象,建立车钩非线性有限元模型,并与台车冲击试验进行对比验证,在此基础上建立城际列车头车对撞模型,研究初始位移偏置和角度偏转对车钩的碰撞特性及列车脱轨风险的影响。研究结果表明:随着初始偏置及偏转程度的增加,车钩点头角及摇头角稳定值逐渐增大,且不同初始姿态对车钩转角的影响程度不同,点头角对初始垂向偏置和点头偏转较为敏感,摇头角对初始横向偏置和摇头偏转较为敏感。此外,初始姿态对主动车的轮对抬升有重要影响,当车钩点头角随偏置及偏转增大而明显增大时,车体所受垂向力增加,转向架轮对抬升量变大,列车更易出现脱轨现象。

机车充风能力对重载列车缓解性能及车钩力影响研究

机车充气与排气性能是列车制动系统重要指标,目前机车制动系统验收指标仅对排气性能有明确要求,对充气性能无要求。机车供风能力不仅影响重载列车缓解特性和车钩力,而且严重制约重载列车在循环制动中的操纵方法。了解机车充气能力对缓解特性和车钩力的影响规律,以及重载列车安全运行和制动系统设计具有重要意义。通过建立列车空气制动系统仿真模型,分析机车充风能力对重载列车缓解特性和车钩力的影响。分析发现,机车充风能力对列车再充风时间、缓解波传播和车钩力都有明显影响;充风能力越弱,则缓解波传递越慢,车钩力越大。在本文研究范围内,合适的充气能力将比弱充风能力首尾车缓解时间差缩短3 s,最大车钩力降低16.2%。建议机车验收时增加机车充风能力检测,并给出了建议检测标准。针对重载列车充风能力,建议多部门联合系统性开展实验与仿真研究,制订重载列车制动系统检测标准与方法。

开槽盘式磁力耦合器电磁转矩理论分析

对于开槽盘式磁力耦合器输出转矩的求解,提出了一种能够考虑磁路中各支路差异性以及相互作用的等效磁路法。导体转子采用的开槽形式,使得磁路中永磁体对应的气隙、导体和齿槽组成的支路并不相同,各支路的具体形式和内外转子相对位置有关;所提方法考虑各永磁体块所对应不同支路对电磁转矩的影响,并把整个磁路作为一个整体进行求解,考虑了各支路间的相互作用,提高了开槽盘式磁力耦合器输出转矩的计算精度。最后,利用所提方法对磁力耦合器不同滑差率、不同极弧系数和不同开槽比下的输出转矩进行了预测,并通过三维有限元分析和实验进行理论验证。经验证,所提方法能够满足工程应用的准确性要求。

连杆曲线导引的织机开口机构设计

传统连杆开口机构难以使梭口保持停歇,无法适应高速、宽幅的现代新型织机的工艺要求。引入特殊连杆曲线导引的概念,利用带鲍尔点和带圆点连杆曲线能使从动件产生停歇的原理,设计了两种新型连杆开口机构。该机构由四连杆机构和综框导引组件组成,四连杆机构的曲柄、连杆、摇杆和机架杆杆长比分别为1∶2∶2∶2.76、1∶2∶2∶2.3,连杆点的位置角分别为62.49°、49.15°,其与摇杆相连的连接杆与连杆等长。综框运动规律显示:两种机构梭口满开时主轴的相对静止角分别为约150°,40°和200°;综框处于最高和最低位时速度和加速度均为0,表明综框运动平稳,无冲击。该机构突破了传统连杆开口机构的局限,为低成本新型织机的开发创造了条件。

耦合度可切换的太赫兹分支波导定向耦合器

提出了一种耦合度可切换的太赫兹分支波导定向耦合器,该耦合器的耦合度可在3和10 dB之间进行切换。通过控制前四条分支表面二氧化钒薄膜的电导率,实现耦合度的切换。仿真结果表明,在180~250 GHz的频率范围内,当二氧化钒电导率为2×10^(5)S/m时,耦合度为(3±0.6)dB,隔离度与回波损耗大于17 dB;当二氧化钒电导率为10 S/m时,耦合度为(10±0.7)dB,隔离度大于18 dB,回波损耗大于20 dB。耦合器在两种耦合状态下均表现出优异的性能,符合设计预期。

提升RC框架结构抗震韧性的冗余柱性能分析

本文提出了一种通过设置可更换冗余柱以增强钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震韧性的方法。通过冗余柱纵筋在钢筋机械套筒里的锚固长度以控制冗余柱与框架连接节点处的钢筋失效,节点的刚性连接转变为铰链连接。以钢筋直径和锚固长度为变量,对钢筋机械连接套筒试件进行了13组拉伸试验和6组高应力拉压试验,每组包含3个试件,一个试件包含两段钢筋和一个机械套筒。试验结果表明,适当设计机械连接套筒锚固长度,可实现可控成铰性能。将实测数据应用于冗余柱的截面和构件仿真分析中,证明可通过改变钢筋于套筒锚固长度控制当冗余柱极限变形达到设计值时柱端自动成铰,使冗余柱损坏后仍为关键结构柱提供竖向承载能力,同时保护关键柱在遭遇强震时不易发生严重破坏。

L波段硅基多层堆叠MEMS耦合器

基于射频传输理论设计并制备了一款Si基多层堆叠微电子机械系统(MEMS)耦合器。该耦合器以高阻硅作为衬底材料,采用高精度三维MEMS加工工艺制备而成。利用电磁仿真软件进行了建模仿真,并经过金属图形化、硅基通孔(TSV)、晶圆减薄、晶圆键合等MEMS工艺完成器件制备。采用三层硅片进行堆叠,信号传输时,通过上下两层金属的层间距离对耦合度进行调整,相比常规的平面耦合具有更小的横向尺寸。同时,为了减小信号传输过程中的辐射效应,在信号线周围设计了接地通孔,实现对耦合器的全屏蔽,使其免受外部电磁场的影响。所制备的硅基多层堆叠MEMS耦合器的频带范围为0.75~1.25 GHz,性能指标良好,尺寸仅为5.5 mm×6.0 mm×1 mm,相比常规的平面耦合结构缩小了50%,相比多层印制电路板(PCB)结构缩小了20%。

新型连杆式双料分装供送机构的设计及应用

为实现双物料缓急有度地输出并分装入容器,提出一种新型连杆式供送机构。由1个能生成对称、自切且带有鲍尔点的特殊连杆曲线的四连杆机构,驱动2个阀门推杆执行带停歇的直线往复运动,以控制2个阀门交替开启和闭合。四连杆机构中曲柄、连杆、摇杆及机架杆的杆长比为1:1.8371:1.8371:2,连接杆与连杆等长,夹角为109.47°。分装过程的仿真结果表明:锥形阀门在开启/闭合阶段,其运动位置对出料区域的控制可使落料量变化平稳;在1个运动周期内完成双物料的分装,提高装料的效率。研究为包装机械中的其他推送装置的设计提供新思路。

温度影响下的开槽盘式磁力耦合器调速特性

针对温度影响下盘式磁力耦合器调速问题,以一台6对极16槽的开槽盘式磁力耦合器为研究对象,基于矢量磁位法,结合修正三维端部效应的卡特系数并考虑温度对永磁体剩磁的影响,依据磁力耦合器轴向介质不同与导体盘轭铁和铜导体交替排列的结构,推导出其整体的电磁转矩公式。再分别建立恒转矩负载、二次方率负载和恒功率负载工况下的调速关系解析模型。通过有限元模拟分析,确定了不同温度、不同气隙下的开槽盘式磁力耦合器在3种不同负载工况下的调速范围与调速特性。最后,搭建试验平台进行调速性能试验,将不同负载工况下磁力耦合器电磁转矩与输出转速的理论、仿真、实验值三者进行对比,结果表明理论模型有较高的准确性,为开槽型磁力耦合器在调速系统中的智能调控提供了理论依据。

扣件钢管单面支撑体系设计与施工

随着我国城市建设土地减少,新建筑大多数都紧贴用地红线而建,而且很多新建筑地下室外墙厚度越来越厚,常规双面支模无法施工,因此越来越多的地下室外墙采用内侧单面支模的方法施工。虽然扣件钢管排架斜撑在单面支模施工中有一定的应用,但相关设计计算与施工经验不足。细致剖析单侧支模支撑形式多种类型及其特点,针对某具体工程的地下室外墙单侧支模工程,创新性地引入了一种优化后的扣件排架斜撑搭设策略。通过对该单侧支撑体系的研究,构建了精细的有限元模型,并进行了深入的应力、变形及稳定性评估,可为类似单侧支模支撑体系的设计与施工提供参考。