Ameliorative effects of glycine on cobalt chloride-induced hepato-renal toxicity in rats

Background:The important roles of liver and kidney in the elimination of injurious chemicals make them highly susceptible to the noxious activities of various toxicants including cobalt chloride(CoCl_(2)).This study was designed to investigate the role of glycine in the mitigation of hepato-renal toxicities associated with CoCl_(2)exposure.Methods:Forty-two(42)male rats were grouped as Control;(CoCl_(2);300 ppm);CoCl_(2)+Glycine(50 mg/kg);CoCl_(2)+Glycine(100 mg/kg);Glycine(50 mg/kg);and Glycine(100 mg/kg).The markers of hepatic and renal damage,oxidative stress,the antioxidant defense system,histopathology,and immunohistochemical localization of neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin(NGAL)and renal podocin were evaluated.Results:Glycine significantly reduced the markers of oxidative stress(malondialdehyde content and H_(2)O_(2) generation),liver function tests(ALT,AST,and ALP),markers of renal function(creatinine and BUN),and decreased the expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)and podocin compared with rats exposed to CoCl_(2)toxicity without glycine treatment.Histopathology lesions including patchy tubular epithelial necrosis,tubular epithelial degeneration and periglomerular inflammation in renal tissues,and severe portal hepatocellular necrosis,inflammation,and duct hyperplasia were observed in hepatic tissues of rats exposed to CoCl_(2)toxicity,but were mild to absent in glycine-treated rats.Conclusion:The results of this study clearly demonstrate protective effects of glycine against CoCl_(2)-induced tissue injuries and derangement of physiological activities of the hepatic and renal systems in rats.The protective effects are mediated via augmentation of total antioxidant capacity and upregulation of NGAL and podocin expression.

Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Cobalt(II) Chloride Complexes of 1,3-Bis(pyridyl-4-ylthio)propan-2-one

Reactions of 1,3-bis（pyridyl-4-ylthio）propan-2-one L and COCl2·6H2O under different conditions gave two new cobalt（Ⅱ）-chloride-L complexes with distinct structures. Complex [Co（L）2Cl2]·0.5CH3OH}n 1 prepared by solvothermal treatment is a 3D network, whereas complex {[Co3（L）2Cl6（DMF）4]·2CH3OH·H2O} 2 obtained in DMF-diethyl ether system is a discrete acyclic trimer. Crystal data for 1： space group lbca, a = 15.993（4）, b = 18.454（5）, c = 21.506（6）A, V= 6347（3） ,A^3, Z = 8, Dc = 1.462 g/cm^3,μ = 1.005 mm^-1, F（000） = 2864, C26.5H26Cl2CoN4O2.5S4, Mr = 698.58, the final R = 0.0499 and wR = 0.1024. Crystal data for 2： space group P1^-, a = 9.9177（6）, b = 11.0871 （4）, c = 15.5490（12） ,A, α = 83.1834（14）,β = 88.910（13）, γ = 71.096（ 11 ）°, V = 1605.8（2） A^3, Z = 1, Dc = 1.362 g/cm^3,μ= 1.194 mm^-1, F（000） = 677, C40H62Cl6Co3N8O9S4, Mr = 1316.71, the final R = 0.0666 and wR =0.1575.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Dinuclear Cobalt(II) Complex [Co_2(1H-benzimidazole)_4(1,4-bdoa)_2]

A novel dinuclear complex with an empirical formula [Co2(1H-benzimidazole)4(1, 4-bdoa)2] (1,4-bdoa2– = benzene-1,4-dioxyacetate dianion) has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 11.000(2), b = 19.385(4), c = 11.417(2) ?, β = 95.49(3)o, V = 2423.3(8) ?3, Z = 2, Mr = 1074.77, Dc = 1.473 g/cm3, μ = 0.760 mm–1, F(000) = 1108, the final R = 0.0645 and wR = 0.0714 for 3273 observed reflections (I > 2σ(I)). Two octahedrally coordinated Co(II) atoms are bridged by two 1,4-bdoa2– groups, generating a macrocyclic ring complex. The Co…Co separa- tion is 7.677(3) ?. An extended 3-D supramolecular network is formed through hydrogen bonds and weak π-π stacking interactions.

Deprotection of t-Butyldimethylsiloxy (TBDMS) Protecting Group with Catalytic Copper (II) Chloride Dihydrate

t-Butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) ether can be cleaved upon refluxing in acetone/H2O (95 : 5) in the presence of a catalytic amount of copper (II) chloride dihydrate (5 mmol %).

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Dichlorobis-(1-methylimidazoline-2(3H)-thione-S) Cobalt(II)

The reaction of anhydrous cobalt(II) dichloride with 1-methylimidazoline-2(3H)- thione in dichloromethane solution gave the title complex, [Co(C4H6N2S)2Cl2]. X-ray single-crystal analysis revealed that the complex crystallizes in a monoclinic system, space group P21/c, a = 13.9707(10), b = 10.0435(7), c = 10.3910(6) ?, β = 91.181(3)o, V = 1457.70(17) ?3, Z = 4, C8H12Cl2N4S2Co, Mr = 358.17, Dc = 1.632 g/cm3, μ = 1.813 mm–1, F(000) = 724, the final R = 0.0710 and wR = 0.1224 for 1549 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). The Co atom is coordinated by two S atoms from two 1-methylimidazoline-2(3H)-thione ligands and two chloride ions in a slightly distorted tetrahedral geometry. The intramolecular classical hydrogen-bonding interactions involving chloride ions and N–H groups of the heterocyclic thione ligands are observed. The offset π-π stacking interactions between the imidazole rings of adjacent molecules with a face-to-face dis- tance of 3.604 ? are found in the packing diagram.

Spectroscopic and molecular structure characterization of the bis(2-aminophenol)(5, 10, 15, 20-tetraphenylporphyrinato) cobalt(II) complex

The reaction of the cobalt(II) meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) starting material with an excess of 2-aminophenol (Hon) in organic solvents, yields the cobalt(II) porphyrin species [CoII(TPP)(Hon)2] (1). This compound has been characterized by UV-vis., IR, MSI MS and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The UV-vis data and especially the proton NMR results, for the isolated product, indicated that complex 1 is a Co(II) mesoporphyrin derivative.The X-ray molecular structure of the title compound bis(2-aminophenol) (tetraphenylporphyrinato) cobalt(II) has been determined. This structure is the first one reported of a metalloporphyrin with a 2-aminophenol axial ligand species. The central metal is hexacoordinated by the four nitrogen atoms of the pyrrole rings and the nitrogen atoms of the two Hon trans axial ligands.

Highly Efficient Cobalt (II) Catalyzed O-Acylation of Alcohols and Phenols under Solvent-Free Conditions

Solvent free, highly efficient method has been developed using ecofriendly, heterogeneous reusable cobalt chloride catalyst at ambient reaction conditions for the O-acylation of various alcohols and phenols with acetyl chloride in excellent yield in a short reaction time. The catalyst is recycled several times without loss of catalytic activity.

A Novel Mixed Ligand Dinuclear Complex of Cobalt (II): Synthesis, Characterization and Magnetic Studies

A novel dinuclear complex [Co2(atr)3(mal)2(H2O)2]·4H2O(1) (atr = 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole and mal = malonic acid) containing mixed N and O-donor atoms has been prepared and structurally characterized. The structure is made up of the symmetrically 1, 2, 4-triazole bridged [Co2(atr)3(mal)2(H2O)2] moiety and four lattice water molecules. The single crystal X-ray analysis reveals that the complex has a distorted octahedral structure. Magnetic susceptibility measurements reveals that antiferromagnetic interactions exists between the high spin Co(II) ions within the dinuclear unit.

SOLID-LIQUID PHASE TRANSFER AND COBALT OR PALLADIUM COMPLEX CATALYZED SYNTHESIS OF ANHYDRIDES FROM ACYL CHLORIDES

Acyl chloride can efficiently be converted into anhydride under solid liquid phase transfer catalysis by using bis(triphenylphosphine)cobalt dichloride or bis(triphenylphospine)palladium dichloride as the catalyst.

Synthesis, Characterization and Crystal Structure of Cobalt(II) Complex of a Schiff Base Derived from Isoniazid and Pyridine-4-Carboxaldehyde

A new hydrogen bonded Cobalt(II) Schiff base complex,?N’-(pyridine-4-carboxaldehyde) isonicotinoylhydrazone Cobalt(II), has been synthesized from isoniazid and pyridine-4-carboxaldehyde and characterized by IR spectroscopy, 1H-NMR, elemental analysis, TGA and single crystal X-ray structure determination. X-ray crystal structure analysis shows an octahedral complex with a metal centre coordinated to two ligand molecules through the pyridine nitrogen atoms and four water molecules and containing two nitrate groups as counter ions. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system and P2(1)/n space group. The unit cell dimensions are: a = 7.2108(4) Å, b = 16.6020(9) Å, c = 13.0389(6) Å,α = 90°, β = 103.972(4)°, γ = 90°. The molecule is symmetrical about the cobalt centre as observed from the 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR and confirmed by the single crystal X-ray structure of the complex. Thermogravimetric analysis shows two steps decomposition of the complex to leave a metal oxide residue. The title compound is expected to be biologically active as one of the precursors (isoniazid) is a therapeutic agent with well-established clinical applications.

Crystal Structure of Poly[(2,6-di(2’,4’-dicarboxylphenyl)pyridine-κ4 O:O′:O″:O′′′)-(μ2-1,4-bis(1-imidazolyl)benzene-κ2N:N’)cobalt(II)],C_(39)H_(24)Co_(2)N_(7)O_(8)

[Objective]The paper was to synthesize a new structure of metal organic framework,and to provide new materials for plant pathogens testing.[Method]A mixture of 2,6-di(2’,4’-di-carboxylphenyl)pyridine,1,4-bis(1-imidazolyl)benzene,Co(NO_(3))2·6H_(2)O were added to the solution of DMF:H2O=3:3 and heated at 433K for 4 d.[Result]Red crystals of the title compound were obtained(yield 76.3%,based on Co).[Conclusion]The crystal data were obtained as follows:C_(39)H_(24)Co_(2)N_(7)O_(8),monoclinic,P21/c,a=16.222(7)A,b=12.653(5)A,c=17.456(7)A,β=102.386(6)°,V=3500(2)A_(3),Z=4,Rgt(F)=0.0550,wRref(F2)=0.1509,T=293(2)K.

叔胺萃取分离钴(II)、铁(II)

研究了不必预先氧化二价铁,直接用叔胺从氯化物溶液中萃取分离钴(II)、铁(II)的新方法. 考察了不同改性剂对叔胺萃取钴(II)、铁(II)的影响以及各种因素对钴(II)、铁(II)萃取、洗涤及反萃的影响. 提出了用叔胺萃取分离钴(II)、铁(II)的最佳工艺参数.

羟基乙酸-钴(II)-1,10-邻菲咯啉配合物的合成、晶体结构及其DNA结合属性

以羟基乙酸(GA)和1,10-邻菲咯啉(phen)作为配体,合成了一种新型的三元单核钴(II)配合物,Co(GA)2(phen)·2H2O。通过傅里叶红外光谱和元素分析法对该配合物的结构进行了表征,并利用X射线单晶衍射测定了其晶体结构。晶体分析结果表明配合物属单斜晶系,C2/c空间群,晶胞参数:a=8.122(3)nm,b=24.214(7)nm,c=9.085(3)nm,α=105.290(14)°,β=109.843(5)°,γ=90.00°,晶胞体积:V=680.7(9)nm3,晶胞内结构分子数Z=4,最终的偏差因子:R1,wR2分别为0.0463,0.1294[I>2σ(I)]。中心钴离子分别与两个羟基乙酸及一个邻菲咯啉配体配位,形成一个畸变的八面体配位几何构型。采用电子吸收光谱、荧光光谱、粘度等分析方法研究了该配合物与DNA的相互作用,结果表明该配合物的通过经典的嵌插方式与DNA结合,二者的结合常数Kb为3.8×104L·mol-1。琼脂糖凝胶电泳实验进一步表明,在过氧化氢(H2O2)的存在条件下,配合物能对质粒体超螺旋DNA产生切割作用,具有化学核酸酶活性。

双(安息香)缩联苯胺合钴(II)的氧合反应和催化氧化性能研究

在不同温度下测定了双 (安息香 )缩联苯胺合钴 (II) (Co2 L2 )的饱和吸氧量 ,求得其氧加合常数和热力学参数 .合成了该钴 (II)配合物的双氧加合物 ,并用元素分析 ,红外光谱及热重分析得以确证 .将该配合物作为催化剂 ,催化空气中的分子氧氧化异丙苯 ,形成氢过氧化物异丙苯 (CHP) ,讨论了催化剂浓度。

固相配位化学反应研究（LXVII）──固－固相反应合成混配化合物

室温或近室温条件下，Ｃｏ（ａｃａｃ）＿２（Ｈ＿２Ｏ）＿２与第二配体２，２＇－联吡啶、１，１０－啡啰啉、８－羟基喹啉、水杨醛肟固相反应得到４个混配化合物，经ＸＲＤ、ＩＲ、ＵＶ及元素分析表征了这些产物。

Co(II)和Ni(II)2-乙酰吡啶乙醇胺配合物合成与结构

目的以Co(II),Ni(II)的氯化物和2-乙酰吡啶、乙醇胺为原料合成新型Schiff碱配合物,并对其结构进行测定。方法采用"一锅煮"法合成得到了两个新的配合物[C23H22N4OCoCl2].(CH3CH2OH)(1)和[C23H22N4ONiCl2].(CH3CH2OH)(2)。结果根据结构分析推测,2-乙酰吡啶、乙醇胺在金属离子模板作用下,发生复杂的反应,形成了新的Schiff碱配体。结论配合物的结构测定表明,新的N4配体与中心金属离子形成1:1的配合物,其中有3个N原子与金属配位,另有2个抗衡阴离子Cl-参与配位,配位单元呈畸变的三角双锥构型[MN3Cl2]。

以均苯四甲酸根为桥联配体的双核钴(II)配合物的合成与磁性(英文)

作者合成和表征了 3个通式为 [Co2 (PMTA)L4 ]的新双核钴 (II)配合物 ,其中 ,PMTA代表均苯四甲酸根四价阴离子 ,L分别为邻苯二胺 (obda)、2 二甲氨基乙胺 (Me2 en)和 3 二甲氨基丙胺 (Me2 pn) .根据元素分析、摩尔电导测定、红外和电子光谱等手段 ,已推定这些配合物具有均苯四甲酸根桥联的双核钴 (II)结构 ,其中 ,两个钴 (II)离子均处于畸变的八面体配位环境 .作者还测定并解析了配合物 [Co2 (PMTA) (Me2 pn) 4]的变温 (4～ 30 0K)磁化率 ,求得交换积分J =- 0 .2 8cm-1.根据实验结果作者认为 ,在双核钴 (II)配合物中的钴 (II)

细胞器应激反应与自噬及铁死亡参与氯化钴诱导的血管平滑肌细胞损伤

目的:综合采用生物信息学分析和体外细胞实验验证,研究化学性低氧诱导剂氯化钴(CoCl2)诱导血管平滑肌细胞损伤与细胞器应激反应及自噬性死亡(自噬)和铁死亡之间的关系。方法:从基因表达数据库(GEO)中获取CoCl2处理血管平滑肌细胞的基因芯片数据集GSE119226,采用R语言分析数据,探讨CoCl2处理与细胞器应激反应(高尔基体应激、内质网应激)及两种细胞死亡方式(铁死亡、自噬性死亡)间的关系。采用原代培养的大鼠血管平滑肌细胞(rVSMC)和CoCl2诱导的体外缺氧模型,CCK-8法检测细胞活力变化,DCFH-DA法检测细胞内活性氧水平,Western blot法检测缺氧关键分子HIF-1α、高尔基体应激标志物GM130与p115、内质网应激标志物GRP78与CHOP、自噬标志物LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ与Beclin1以及铁死亡标志物GPx4与xCT的表达水平,并观察给予相应的处理剂来诱导或抑制细胞器应激反应或细胞死亡对CoCl2诱导的细胞损伤作用的影响。结果:对GSE119226数据集进行差异表达基因筛选分析,结果显示CoCl2处理血管平滑肌细胞对细胞器功能与应激反应、自噬和铁死亡相关基因有明显影响,其中内质网应激、内质网蛋白加工、高尔基体对质膜蛋白转运的调控、自噬/自噬性死亡、铁离子调节与铁死亡等是主要富集的信号通路和生物学过程。体外实验结果显示,与培养的正常对照rVSMC相比,CoCl2处理后细胞活力明显降低,细胞内HIF-1α蛋白表达与活性氧水平升高。CoCl2处理后,rVSMC中反映高尔基体应激发生的高尔基体结构蛋白GM130与p115的表达水平降低,反映内质网应激发生的标志分子GRP78与CHOP升高;同时CoCl2也使细胞自噬标志物LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ与Beclin1水平降低,提示自噬水平降低,而铁死亡标志物GPx4与xCT的表达水平降低则提示细胞发生铁死亡。与CoCl2处理组相比,诱导高尔基体应激、内质网应激或铁死亡可使细胞活力进一步降低,而抑制上述过程可改善细胞活力;另一方面,升高自噬水平可改善CoCl2降低的细胞活力。结论:CoCl2诱导低氧可导致血管平滑肌细胞损伤,高尔基体应激、内质网应激和铁死亡发生以及自噬水平降低在其中起重要作用,抑制细胞器应激反应和铁死亡或升高自噬水平可改善CoCl2导致的血管平滑肌细胞缺氧损伤。

外向式杯[4]芳烃偶氮类新试剂的合成及其与钴(II)显色反应的研究

合成了一种外向式杯 [4 ]芳烃偶氮衍生物新试剂 ,试验了其性质 ,并研究了与钴 (II)的显色反应条件。在乳化剂OP存在下及pH9～ 10的缓冲介质中 ,形成稳定的红色络合物 ,其最大吸收波长为 5 10nm ,摩尔吸光系数为 1.60× 10 4 L·mol- 1 ·cm- 1 ,钴含量在 0～ 2 5 μg/ 2 5mL范围内符合比尔定律。本法灵敏度不太高 ,但选择性较好。

10-羟基喜树碱对非小细胞肺癌上皮-间质转化的影响

目的研究10-羟基喜树碱(hydroxycamptothecin,HCPT)对人非小细胞肺癌细胞(A549)上皮-间质转化(EMT)的影响,为后续的分子水平研究奠定基础。方法实验组分为常氧组和低氧组,其中低氧组以100μmol·L^(-1) CoCl 2溶液,低氧诱导24 h,使A549细胞产生上皮-间质转化。通过MTT细胞毒性实验、划痕实验、transwell实验、形态学显微观察HCPT对A549细胞的形态、迁移能力、侵袭能力的影响。结果通过MTT实验测得HCPT作用于A549细胞24 h后的IC 50=75.284μmol·L^(-1);HCPT能够显著抑制A549细胞的迁移能力和侵袭能力,并且细胞的间质形态特征得到显著抑制甚至是逆转。结论10-羟基喜树碱对人非小细胞肺癌细胞的上皮-间质转化起抑制作用。