Novel cobalt base superalloy and its high-temperature flow behavior

A novel cobalt base superalloy containing titanium and aluminum was investigated through metallography, tensile test, and high-temperature isothermal compression deformation. The results show that proper content of titanium and aluminum with can improve the strength and ductility of the cobalt base superalloy. The Co3（Ti,Al） compound with L12 structure precipitates when the novel superalloy is aged at 800℃ for 20 h. The e phase with hcp structure also precipitates when the superalloy is deformed by 28% and then aged at 650℃ for 4 h. The e phase can exist at 800℃. The superalloy has excellent high-temperature mechanical properties. Its maximum flow stress at 850℃ is in the range of 360-475 MPa when the strain rate is between 0.0021 and 2.1 s^-1. The flow stress of the superalloy during high-temperature deformation can be described by the Zener-Hollomon parameter with a hot deformation activation energy of 397 kJ.mol^-1.

Cobalt phthalocyanine-based conjugated polymer as efficient and exclusive electrocatalyst for CO_(2) reduction to ethanol

Electrocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to high value-added chemicals is a promising method for solving the energy crisis and global warming.Electrochemical active metal-containing conjugated polymers have been widely studied for heterogeneous carbon dioxide reduction.In the present contribution,we designed and synthesized a stable cobalt phthalocyanine-based conjugated polymer,named CoPPc-TFPPy-CP,and also explored its electro-catalytic application in carbon dioxide reduction to liquid products in an aqueous solution.In the catalyst,cobalt phthalocyanine acts as building blocks connected with 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(4-formyl phenyl)pyrenes via imine-linkages,leading to mesoporous formation polymers with the pore size centered at 4.1nm.And the central co-balt atoms shifted to a higher oxidation state after condensation.With these chemical and structural natures,the catalyst displayed a remarkable electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction performance with an ethanol Faradaic efficiency of 43.25%at-1.0V vs RHE.While at the same time,the electrochemical reduction process catalyzed by cobalt phthalocyanine produced only carbon monoxide and hydrogen.To the best of our knowledge,CoPPc-TFPPy-CP is the first example among organic polymers and metal-organic frameworks that produces ethanol from CO_(2) with a remarkable selectivity.

Nickel/cobalt based materials for supercapacitors

The electrode materials as the key component of supercapacitors have attracted considerable research interests, especially for nickel/cobalt based materials by virtue of their superior electrochemical performance with multiple oxidation states for richer redox reactions, abundant natural resources, lower prices and toxicity. There are many advanced electrodes based on the nickel/cobalt materials exploited for the application of supercapacitors, however, some controversial statements have induced some confusion. Herein, we refine the mechanism of energy storage for the nickel/cobalt based materials for supercapacitors and reclassify them into battery-type materials with the corresponding devices named as hybrid supercapacitors.

Recent advances and perspectives in cobalt‐based heterogeneous catalysts for photocatalytic water splitting,CO_(2) reduction,and N_(2) fixation

Solar‐driven conversion of carbon dioxide,water and nitrogen into high value‐added fuels(e.g.H_(2),CO,CH_(4),CH_(3)OH,NH_(3) and so on)is regarded as an environmental‐friendly and ideal route for relieving the greenhouse gas effect and countering energy crisis,which is an attractive and challenging topic.Hence,various types of photocatalysts have been developed successively to meet the requirements of these photocatalysis.Among them,cobalt‐based heterogeneous catalysts emerge as one of the most promising photocatalysts that open up alluring vistas in the field of solar‐to‐fuels conversion,which can effectively enhance photocatalytic efficiency by extending light absorption range,promoting charge separation,providing active sites,and lowering reaction barrier.In this review,we first present the working principles of cobalt‐based heterogeneous catalysts for photocatalytic water splitting,CO_(2) reduction,and N_(2) fixation.Second,five efficient strategies including surface modification,morphology modulation,crystallinity controlling,crystal engineering and doping,are discussed for improving the photocatalytic performance with different types cobalt‐based catalysts(cobalt nanoparticles and single atom,oxides,sulfides,phosphides,MOFs,COFs,LDHs,carbide,and nitrides).Third,we outline the applications for the state‐of‐the‐art photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction and water splitting,and nitrogen fixation over cobalt‐based heterogeneous catalysts.Finally,the central challenges and possible improvements of cobalt‐based photocatalysis in the future are presented.The purpose of this review is to summarize the past experience and lessons,and provide reference for the further development of cobalt‐based photocatalysis technology.

EFFECT OF REVERT RECYCLE TIMES ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND FATIGUE PROPERTIES IN COBALT-BASE SUPERALLOY K640S

Effect of revert cycles on microstructure and fatigue properties of cast cobalt base superalloy K640S has been investigated. The results show that: at 70 times of cool heat cycles, there were microcracks found in seven times revert and ten times revert. With the increasing of thermal fatigue cycles, the crack of revert grows a little faster than virgin. When the cycle time reaches 200, the crack length for both virgin and reverts have been as long as 2mm. The low cycle fatigue life has no remarkable change, with the increase of revert cycles at 815℃, 360MPa ,0 5Hz. With the times of cycles increasing, it is found that the content of impurity and gas in alloy change a little, and there is no obvious change for dendrite microstructure.

Effects of Y_2O_3 on the microstructure and wear resistance of cobalt-based alloy coatings deposited by plasma transferred arc process

Cobalt-based alloys with different Y2O3 contents were deposited on Q235A-carbon steel using plasma transferred arc （PTA） welding machine. The effect of Y2O3 on the microstructure and wear resistance properties of the cobait-based alloys were investigated using an optical microscope, a scanning electron microscope （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. It was found that a cobalt-based solid solution with a face-centered cubic crystal structure was presented accompanied by the secondary phase M7C3 with a hexagonal crystal structure in the Y2O3-free cobalt-based alloy coating. Several stacking faults exist in the cobalt-based solid solution. The addition of Y2O3 leads to the existence of the Y2O3 phase in the Y2O3-modified coatings. Though stacking fault exists in the Y2O3-modified coatings, its density increases. The addition of Y2O3 can refine the microstructure and can increase the wear resistance properties when its contents are less than or equal to 0.8 wt.%. However, further increase of its contents will lead to the agglomeration of undissolved Y2O3 particles at the γ-Co grain boundary, and will lead to a coarse microstructure and lower wear resistance properties.

MECHANISM OF SECONDARY M_(23)C_6 PRECIPITATION AROUND MC IN A COBALT-BASE SUPERALLOY

Secondary M23C6 precipitation around primary MC carbide in a directionally solidified cobalt-base saperalloy was investigated duriny aging at 850℃. The results show that it was closely related to the decomposition of the MC. Two mechanisms were suggested,i.e. the in situ reaction, MC+γ→M23C6+C, and the direct reaction, M+C→M23C6,in which MC acted as a carbon source.

Microstructure and Fractural Morphology of Cobalt-based Alloy Laser Cladding

The solidification features,micro segregation,and fracture characteristics of cobalt based alloy on the substrate of 20CrMo steel by laser cladding were studied by using electron microscopy.Experimental results show that the fine columnar grains and cellular dendrite grains are obtained which are perpendicular to the coating/substrate interface;the primary arms are straight while the side branches are degenerated;the microstructure consists of primary face centered cubic (fcc) Co dendrites and a network of Cr enriched eutectic M23C6 (M=Cr,W,Fe) carbides;the micro segregation is severe for the rapid heating and cooling of laser cladding;the typical brittle intergranular fracture occurs in cobalt based laser cladding layer.

Influences of the microstructure on the wear resistance of cobalt-based alloy coatings obtained by plasma transferred arc process

The microstructure, substructure, and wear characteristic of cobalt-basedalloy coatings obtained by plasma transferred arc (PTA) process were investigated using opticalmetallurgical microscope, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmissionelectron microscope (TEM), and dry sand abrasion tester (DSAT). The aging effect on the structureand wear resistance of the cobalt-based PTA coating was also studied. The results show that theas-welded coating consists of cobalt-based solid solution with face-centered cubic structure andhexagonal (Cr,Fe)_7C_3. There are a lot of stacking faults existing in the cobalt-based solidsolution. After aging at 600 deg C for 60 h, the microstructure becomes coarse, and another carbide(Cr,Fe)_(23)C_6 precipitates. As a result, the wear mass loss of the aged sample is higher than thatof the as-welded sample.

Fatigue crack propagation behavior of K40S cobalt-base superalloy at elevated temperature

Fatigue crack propagation behavior of K40S cobalt-base superalloy under ambient atmosphere at 700 ℃ and 900 ℃ was investigated. The detailed fatigue crack propagation and fracture mechanism under the alternating loads were studied. The results show that, there is a defined threshold for K40S alloy at elevated temperatures. The fatigue threshold is 23.9 MPa·m 1/2 at 700 ℃ and 12 MPa·m 1/2 at 900 ℃. The significant decrease of the threshold with increasing temperature is associated with the oxidation induced embrittlement at crack tip. Observation on the fatigue fracture surfaces indicates a ductile fracture mechanism related to the fatigue crack growth.

Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis over Alumina- Supported Cobalt-Based Catalysts: Effect of Support Variables

Different kinds of aluminum precursors were obtained from precipitating ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, and saturated ammonium bicarbonate, then, boehmite (AlO(OH)), ammonium alumina carbonate hydroxide (AACH) and their mixture were obtained, and then, different kinds of alumina were obtained after calcination. Three catalysts supported on the different alumina were obtained via impregnating cobalt and ruthenium by incipient wetness. The effects of different precipitants on composition of precursors were?studied by XRD, FTIR, and TGA. The property and structure of alumina were studied by XRD and BET. The supported catalysts were studied by characterizations of XRD and H2-TPR, and the catalytic performance for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) were evaluated at a fix-bed reactor. The relations among the composition of precursors, the property of alumina and the catalytic performance of supported catalysts were researched thoroughly.

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Electrochemistry Properties of a Cobalt(Ⅱ) Complex Based on Asymmetry Schiff Base Ligand

A new cobalt（II） complex [Co（NO2-salen）2]·1.5H2O containing mono acetalization Schiff base ligand（NO2-salen = N-5-nitro-salicylideneamino ethanato） has been prepared through one-pot template condensation, and has been structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra and X-ray diffraction. It is formulated as C18H23CoN6O7.5, crystallizes in the hexagonal system, space group of R-3c with α = 25.895（18）, b = 25.895（18）, c = 35.075（6）, γ = 120o, V = 20368（3） and Z = 36. The ligand of 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde-ethylene-diamine takes unusual mono asymmetry mode. The Co（II） ion exhibits a coordination number of six, and assumes a distorted octahedral geometry with a N2O4 donor set. The neutral monomeric units of [Co（NO2-salen）2]·1.5H2O are linked into a one-dimensional（1D） structure via the intermolecular hydrogen bonds and weak π-π stacking interactions. Cyclic-voltammetry measurement reveals the oxidation and reduction processes for the complex are irreversible in nature.

Studies on Transition Metal Complexes of Schiff Base( Ⅰ )——Oxygen-carrying Properties of Cobalt( Ⅱ )Schiff Base Complexes

Introduction The compounds that can take up and release molecular oxygen reversibly is of significance because they can be used as model compounds for the study of the reversible oxygenation mechanisms involved in the very complex natural oxygen carriers, e.g., the hemoglobins and hemocyanins, and as the means of separating molecular oxygen from the air. The dioxygen carriers extensively studied are the Cobalt

有机硅烷对介孔Y型分子筛理化特性及费托性能影响研究

为了合成对汽油段、柴油段产物有高选择性的催化剂载体,以多种有机硅烷为模板剂原位合成了高结晶度介孔Y型分子筛,考察了硅烷剂浓度以及有机硅烷剂中的取代基对Y型分子筛性能的影响,并以合成的介孔分子筛为载体通过浸渍法负载钴制备了催化剂,考察了催化剂的费托反应性能;采用X射线衍射、比表面积测试、扫描电子显微镜等测试手段分析了介孔分子筛及催化剂的物性特征,分别使用气相色谱质谱联用仪、气相色谱对反应产物进行了定性和定量分析。结果表明:有机硅烷剂中的硅与硅凝胶中的硅摩尔比为1∶30时达到饱和,继续提高硅烷剂浓度将导致分子筛结晶度下降,且大量的微孔损失,粒径明显减小。通过改变有机硅烷剂的取代基链长,分子筛的平均介孔尺寸可在4.9~9.0 nm进行调控。极性有机硅烷剂更有利于合成高结晶度与大比表面积的介孔分子筛,其中最大比表面积达到683.7 m^(2)/g,且相较于相同链长的非极性有机硅烷剂合成的分子筛其微孔孔容增加了约30%,而介孔孔容几乎相同。在以合成气为原料气的费托合成实验中,极性有机硅烷剂合成的分子筛催化剂对柴油段C_(10-20)产物具有较高选择性,最高达31.1%;非极性有机硅烷剂合成的分子筛催化剂对汽油段C_(5-12)产物具有较高选择性,最高达39.7%。

钴基助催化剂在光催化产氢中的应用研究进展

通过光催化分解水产生的氢气可以用于驱动燃料电池或其他能源转换设备,这有助于减少对化石燃料的依赖,减少温室气体排放。但是实验发现,很多光催化剂存在可见光利用率低和光生电子-空穴易复合的问题。为了抑制光生电子-空穴的复合,提高光催化剂产氢效率,研究者们尝试了多种催化剂改性方式,加入助催化剂是其中最有效的方式之一。传统的贵金属助催化剂虽然有良好的效果,但是价格高,不利于大量生产应用。钴(Co)是一种廉价易得的过渡金属,作为助催化剂其效果有时可与铂(Pt)等贵金属相当。本文总结了不同Co基助催化剂,如Co的硫化物、氧化物、氢氧化物以及磷化物等助催化剂在光解水产氢方面的研究进展,希望对该领域的研究提供一些有价值的参考。

Co-MOFs衍生的钴基化合物催化氧化典型VOCs研究进展

基于催化氧化技术在挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)末端治理方面有极高的效率,以及近年来金属有机骨架(MOFs)衍生的钴基化合物在催化氧化VOCs中的优异表现,文章总结了4种典型的钴基MOFs(ZIF-67,ZSA-1,Co-MOF-71和Co-MOF-74)及其衍生的钴基催化剂的组成与制备方法,并综述了其衍生物催化氧化几种典型VOCs(甲苯、邻二甲苯、甲醛和丙酮)的研究进展。最后归纳了反应过程中空速和湿度等因素对钴基化合物催化氧化VOCs的影响,探讨了MOFs衍生的钴基催化剂的反应机理,并对MOFs衍生的钴基催化剂在VOCs氧化中的研究进行了展望。

Synthesis, Characterization and Crystal Structure of Cobalt(II) Complex of a Schiff Base Derived from Isoniazid and Pyridine-4-Carboxaldehyde

A new hydrogen bonded Cobalt(II) Schiff base complex,?N’-(pyridine-4-carboxaldehyde) isonicotinoylhydrazone Cobalt(II), has been synthesized from isoniazid and pyridine-4-carboxaldehyde and characterized by IR spectroscopy, 1H-NMR, elemental analysis, TGA and single crystal X-ray structure determination. X-ray crystal structure analysis shows an octahedral complex with a metal centre coordinated to two ligand molecules through the pyridine nitrogen atoms and four water molecules and containing two nitrate groups as counter ions. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system and P2(1)/n space group. The unit cell dimensions are: a = 7.2108(4) Å, b = 16.6020(9) Å, c = 13.0389(6) Å,α = 90°, β = 103.972(4)°, γ = 90°. The molecule is symmetrical about the cobalt centre as observed from the 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR and confirmed by the single crystal X-ray structure of the complex. Thermogravimetric analysis shows two steps decomposition of the complex to leave a metal oxide residue. The title compound is expected to be biologically active as one of the precursors (isoniazid) is a therapeutic agent with well-established clinical applications.

Co-MOF衍生钴基催化剂制备及其NaBH_(4)水解制氢性能

采用钴基MOF为前驱体,通过惰性气氛碳化法制备了系列衍生钴基催化剂,探讨了不同催化剂在NaBH_(4)水解制氢中的催化性能.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD),透射电子显微镜(TEM),X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS),热重分析(TGA)等深度分析了不同碳化条件对Co-MOF衍生钴基催化剂的晶相结构、微观形貌、元素价态等的影响.研究结果表明:在不同碳化温度下,Co-MOF衍生钴基催化剂展示了不同的微观形貌、晶相结构和元素价态,随着惰性碳化温度升高节点钴逐步从离子钴向单质钴转化.NaBH4水解制氢实验表明不同碳化温度可以显著影响催化剂的水解制氢催化活性和稳定性,其中以钴离子转化的Co-MOF(300)催化剂展示了最佳催化活性,明显高于高温碳化的钴基催化剂.

碱处理HY分子筛负载Co基催化剂对费-托合成反应的催化性能

以不同季铵碱处理后的HY分子筛为载体,通过熔融法制备了Co/HY-X系列催化剂,并用于费-托合成反应,考察不同季铵碱处理对Co/HY催化剂性能的影响。采用N_(2)吸附-脱附、X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱和氨程序升温脱附等手段对催化剂进行表征,并在高压固定床反应器上对催化剂的费-托合成催化性能进行测试。结果表明,与未经过季铵碱处理的Co/HY相比,在季铵碱处理的Co基催化剂作用下的CO转化率都有所提高,其中经过四甲基氢氧化铵处理的Co/HY催化剂性能最好,CO转化率提高了约30百分点。