Physico-Chemical Properties of Compost Based Waste-Recycling of Grape Fruit as Nursery Growing Medium

The present study reports the physico-chemical properties of four compost based squeezed grape fruit wastes (SGFW) consisting of 60% SGFW + 40% chicken manure (including sawdust) (CMS) (v/v), 80% SGFW + 20% bean hay (BH) (v/v), 80% SGFW + 20% chicken manure (including wheat hay) (CMH) (v/v) and 100% SGFW. Results showed that 100% SGFW compost had a suitable pH and EC with 7.82 and 1.68 dSm-1, respectively. Also, 80% SGFW + 20% BH compost was very rich in organic matter similar to coco peat, but 80%SGFW + 20% CMH compost had the lowest C/N ratio (5.2). The N, P and K concentrations in SGFW composts were higher than the coco peat or vermiculite. The soluble cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+) and anions (CO23, HCO-3 ) in 60% SGFW+ 40% CMS compost were the highest among substrates. The concentrations of trace elements and heavy metals in SGFW composts were far lower than the range of phytotoxicity. On the other hand, total phenols in SGFW composts were higher than coco peat.

有机发酵液对不同基质栽培番茄的生育和品质的影响

[目的]为了研究有机发酵液灌溉下的不同基质栽培对番茄生育和品质影响,筛选出较好番茄生长的基质类型。[方法]以岩棉基质、复合基质(草炭:珍珠岩的体积比1∶1)及椰糠基质为处理,通过测定番茄的株高、茎粗、叶片数,叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD)和气孔导度,及果实品质和产量等,分析了有机发酵液灌溉下3种不同栽培基质对番茄生长、品质和产量的影响。[结果]有机发酵液灌溉下,不同基质栽培番茄的生长、品质和产量存在差异。其中,椰糠栽培下番茄的株高、茎粗、叶片数均高于岩棉栽培和复合基质栽培;复合基质栽培的番茄新生叶片扩展速率较快,并且形成功能叶片(完全展开叶片)面积最大;3种基质栽培的番茄叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD)、叶片气孔导度及果实品质差异不明显。以椰糠为栽培基质番茄的产量显著高于岩棉栽培和复合基质栽培,其产量达80 262.00kg·hm^(-2),比岩棉栽培和复合型基质栽培提高了9.26%和12.35%。[结论]灌溉有机发酵液进行番茄无土栽培的,椰糠作为栽培基质相比岩棉和复合型基质更有利于番茄生长和产量形成。

Yield Compounds and Nutrient Elements of Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) under Different Growing Media

Production of cut flowers is very prevalent in Iran. Carnation is most famous for its use as a cut flower. This study was carried out in the research greenhouse of Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, to explore the effect of different growing media on some vegetative and reproductive traits of carnation. The experimental design was randomized complete, using 50% perlite and different growing media including: mineral soil and coco peat in 6 proportions (50% coco peat, 10% soil + 40% coco peat, 20% soil + 30% coco peat, 30% soil + 20% coco peat, 40% soil + 10% coco peat, 50% soil). During growth period, irrigation rate, humidity and temperature were similar. The growth characteristics of carnation were determined at the end of growth period. The results indicated that although there were no significant differences between studied growing substrates in chlorophyll a, b. Statistical analysis showed fresh weight of flower was far greater in coco peat 10% + soil 40% and soil 50% compared to other growing media. Fresh and dry weight of root and shoot in soil 50% were higher than other growing media. The results showed that highest concentration of Fe and Zn was observed in coco peat 40% + soil 10%. The concentration of Mn in coco peat 10% + soil 40% was higher than other growing media. The results showed that the highest Ca concentration was observed in soil 50% and the lowest concentration of this element was obtained in coco peat 50%. According to the obtained results, mineral soil can be used as a suitable alternative to cocopeat for cultivation and growth of carnation in greenhouse.

草炭椰糠复合基质对‘紫油菜’生长和品质的影响

试验以‘紫油菜’为材料,研究草炭和椰糠4种不同配比复合基质对‘紫油菜’生长及品质的影响。结果表明,就理化性质而言,试验所用的椰糠复合基质较适合‘紫油菜’的栽培,但不同比例椰糠显著影响‘紫油菜’的生长,其株高、叶片数、叶长、叶宽和叶面积等指标随椰糠比例增加而降低;其中在T4(草炭∶椰糠=0∶6)处理下‘紫油菜’生长最差;T1(草炭∶椰糠=2∶1)和T2(草炭∶椰糠=1∶1)处理下‘紫油菜’的生物量和根冠比优于其他处理和对照;并以T1处理下‘紫油菜’的含水量、花青素含量、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白含量等指标最高。试验结果综合表明,草炭∶椰糠体积比为2∶1的基质配比最适合‘紫油菜’的栽培,综合品质最优。

椰糠基质有效氮近红外检测仪设计与试验

为了实现椰糠基质有效氮含量的快速实时检测,基于漫反射光谱设计了椰糠基质有效氮近红外检测仪。该检测仪的硬件系统主要由前处理装置、气力输送装置、重力式沉降样品室、近红外光谱检测装置、样品回收装置和空气压缩机等组成。制备了不同有效氮含量的椰糠基质样本135个,采用研制的检测仪获取了样本原始光谱数据,并建立了椰糠基质有效氮含量的最优偏最小二乘回归预测模型,其校正集相关系数和验证集相关系数分别为0.973和0.965,校正集均方根误差和验证集均方根误差分别为14.025 mg/(100 g)和15.757 mg/(100 g),残差预测偏差为3.72。基于MFC开发工具,采用C/C++语言开发了检测仪硬件控制及实时检测分析软件界面,将建立的最优有效氮光谱预测模型移植到软件程序中,实现了椰糠基质有效氮近红外检测仪功能硬件控制及有效氮检测的一键式操作。试验验证结果表明,所研制仪器预测值与国标测量值相关系数为0.883,测试集均方根误差为18.605 mg/(100 g)。该检测仪实现了椰糠基质有效氮含量的快速实时检测,并且预测性能较好,可以满足快速评价椰糠基质养分的实际需求。

椰纤维植被混凝土性能研究

本文采用椰土作为腐殖质配制椰纤维植被混凝土,并在保水性能、植生性能及强度性能方面,与用泥炭土、蛭石配制的植被混凝土进行对比研究,试验结果显示,泥炭土配制的植被混凝土强度极低,蛭石配制的植被混凝土保水性不好,椰纤维植被混凝土综合性能最佳,是一种良好的植生基材。另外,本文还提出了关于植被混凝土性能测试的三种试验方法,供相关研究人员参考。