Coconut Palm Bay——An Ideal Holiday-Making Place

One early morning in the earlyspring,greeting the rising sun,we set off by car from Haikou,capitalof Hainan Province and drove about90km to reach Qinglan Port andthen bumped along a dirt road towardsthe secluded Coconut Palm Bay.

Effects of Incorporating Coconut Cake or Palm Kernel Cake in Piglet Fattening

In C&#244te d’Ivoire, coconut and palm cultivation are very developed. Industrial utilization of these crops fruits is generated some under products that can be used in breeding. The aim of this study was to test the potentialities in the breeding of cattle-cake of coconut and cattle-cake of palm kernel when they are incorporated in diets of piglet fattening. 18 piglets teamed up into three homogenous groups (three males castrate and three females) were used. The control group was fed a diet made with 55% of maize + 10% of bran maize + 25% fish powder + 4% of ash + 3% of salt. The test 1 group called diet ESSAI 1 was fed a mixture of 70% of the control diet and 30% of cattle-cake of coconut. The test 2 group called diet ESSAI 2 was fed with a mixture of 70% of the control diet and 30% of cattle-cake of palm kernel. The analysis made showed that the two cattle-cake are nutritiously rich and their incorporation in diets at degree of 30% of the total diet induced growth performance similar to that obtained with the control diet. Animals of each group were in good health and diets EASSAI 1 and ESSAI 2 were cheaper than the control diet. Then, cattle-cake of coconut and cattle-cake of palm kernel can be recommended as part of the diet of piglet (about 30%) in order to enhance profit with the same growth performance.

Effect of Different Vegetable Oils (Red Palm Olein, Palm Olein, Corn Oil and Coconut Oil) on Lipid Profile in Rat

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of different vegetable oils [red palm olein (RPO), palm olein (PO), corn oil (CO) and coconut oil (COC)] on lipid profile in rat. Sixty six Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly divided into eleven groups of 6 rats per group and were treated with 15% concentrations of RPO, PO, CO and COC for 4 and 8 weeks. Rats in control group were given normal rat pellet only while in treated groups 15% of additional vegetable oils were given. The results at 4 weeks showed a decline in Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) values at RPO and PO groups whereas in CO and COC groups the LDL-C were increased compared to the control group. The High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) values increased in RPO and PO groups whereas it was declined in CO and COC groups compared to the control group. At 8 weeks, there was no significant difference (P ≥ 0.05) in HDL-C of rats treated with vegetable oils compared to the control group. However, the LDL-C in RPO and PO was significantly decreased (P ≤ 0.05) in the LDL-C and there was no significant difference (P≥0.05) for CO and COC groups compared to the control groups. The mean value of the LDL-C after 8 weeks in the control group, RPO, PO, CO, and COC groups were 66.1 mg/dl, 31.9 mg/dl, 41.1 mg/dl, 50.41 mg/dl and 54.31 mg/dl respectively. There was significant decreased (P ≤ 0.05) in the total cholesterol (TC) in RPO group for 4 weeks compared to the control group while the TC in PO, CO and COC were within the normal range. The results of TC in all treated rats for 8 weeks were within the normal range. There was no significant difference in TC of rats treated with vegetable oils compared to the control group. Triglycerides (TG) in all treated rats for 4 weeks were within the normal range whereas the TG in RPO, PO and CO groups for 8 weeks were significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) compared to the control group but there was no significant difference between the control group and COC group.

基于Gaofen-2影像和面向对象的椰子林分类研究

椰子是重要的热带经济作物,海南椰子种植面积占全国的90%以上。快速获取椰子种植面积及其空间分布信息对热带作物产业规划具有十分重要的作用。本研究基于国产Gaofen-2高分辨率卫星影像,以文昌市东郊镇为试验区,开展椰子林遥感分类研究。基于最优分割尺度的面向对象分类方法,选取4个光谱特征、5个植被指数和32个纹理特征为辅助参量,构建了4种不同的面向对象分类组合(光谱特征、光谱特征+纹理特征组合、光谱特征+植被指数组合、光谱特征+纹理特征+植被指数特征组合)进行椰子林分类提取,并与基于像元的椰子林分类结果进行对比分析。结果表明:(1)仅采用基于像元分类方法,椰子林的总体分类精度(overall accuracy,OA)和用户精度(user’s accuracy,UA)分别达到87.05%和85.21%。(2)相比基于像元分类,4种面向对象分类组合的OA值提高了5.51%~8.72%。(3)光谱特征和纹理特征组合提取椰子林分类结果最优,OA值和UA值分别达到95.77%和97.15%;光谱特征和植被指数的组合也得到了较好的分类结果,OA值和UA值分别为94.88%和94.42%;所有的光谱特征、植被指数和纹理特征全部参与分类得到的OA值和UA值分别为94.67%和94.17%,低于仅使用光谱特征或者植被指数的组合。综上,国产高分辨率Gaofen-2影像在椰子林遥感精准识别中具有很大的潜力,结合纹理特征的面向对象分类方法可以更准确地提取椰子林分类信息,研究结果可为多云多雨地区大尺度椰子林遥感识别提供技术参考。

棕榈仁油取代椰子油生产人造奶油的研究

棕榈仁油的物化性质与棕榈油差异较大,但与椰子油形似。对两者的熔点、碘值、固体脂肪含量、脂肪酸组成、结晶形态进行比较,之后分别添加到混合油脂中,对相容性进行比较,最后进行成品品质分析。结果表明:棕榈仁油与椰子油熔点均在25℃左右;月桂酸质量分数均超过40%;棕榈仁油的不饱和脂肪酸质量分数为18.1%,椰子油为10.3%;棕榈仁油的结晶比椰子油细腻。在混合油脂中,棕榈仁油相容性好于椰子油。在成品中,含棕榈仁油人造奶油,其打发值为312.4、吸水值为650 mL,表现较优。同时,棕榈仁油市场价格也相对较低,可产生可观的经济效益。

Elaboration and Characterization of a Hybrid Composite Material with Two Particles of the Same Size: Coco Shells and Palm Shells

This work aims to develop and characterize a hybrid composite material with two particles of the same size. As reinforcing particles, the hulls of palm nuts and coconut are chosen. Hybrid composite material composites in the form of specimens were produced by molding at 10%, 20% and 30% mass fractions in various sizes (0.63 mm, 1.25 mm and 2.5 mm). The samples were physically characterized (water absorption rate, moisture content, actual, theoretical and apparent density) and mechanical in 3-point flexion. The main results are: the highest and minimum water absorption rate are respectively 3.57% and 0.67% for respectively particle sizes 1.25 mm (sample P10C30) and 0.67% in the size of 0.63 mm (sample P10C10). The moisture content varies from 0.64 to 7.14% respectively for the P20C20 (2.5 mm) and P10C30 (2.5 mm) samples. The maximum and minimum real density are 1340,518 Kg/m3 and 1055.981 Kg/m3, for respectively the composites of particles sizes 1.25 mm (P20C10) and 0.63 mm (sample P20C20). The minimum real density is Its maximum theoretical density is 1194.949 Kg/m3 (for samples P20C10, P10C10 and P30C10);however, the minimum is 1189.966 Kg/m3 (P10C20 and P20C20). The bulk density varies from 933.28 Kg/m3 to 1176.1 Kg/m3, respectively, in sizes from 2.5 mm (P10C30) to 0.63 mm (for P10C30). As for the mechanical characteristics, the Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) varies from 25.664 GPa to 25.759 GPa, respectively, the samples P10C10 (1.25 mm) and P10C20 (2.5 mm). The MOE values describe a parabola whose peak is reached when the palm shell loads are 20%, that is to say P20C10, whatever the particle size distribution. In resilience, samples with small particles are more resilient with a maximum value of 22.49 J/cm2 and a minimum value of 4.45 J/cm2 to verify the principles of Hall-Petch’s law.

中国椰子害虫调查

为了弄清楚中国椰子害虫的种类及其分布情况,采用直接观察法、扫网法、拍打法、诱捕法和吸虫器法等调查方法,调查了中国海南、广东、广西、云南和福建等省区椰子园害虫,并将其整理成害虫名录。结果表明,中国椰子害虫共有64种,分属7目25科,其中新发现中国椰子害虫31种。

不同脂肪酸来源代乳品对哺乳期犊牛生长性能和营养物质消化代谢的影响

本试验通过以椰子油和棕榈油替代代乳品中的乳脂,研究对哺乳期犊牛生长性能和营养物质消化代谢的影响。试验选取60头初生荷斯坦公犊牛,随机分成5组,分别饲喂等氮等能但脂肪源不同的5种代乳品:1)代乳品中脂肪全部来自于乳脂;2)代乳品中脂肪中50%来自于椰子油,50%来自于乳脂;3)代乳品中脂肪中100%来自于椰子油;4)代乳品中脂肪中50%来自于棕榈油,50%来自于乳脂;5)代乳品中脂肪中100%来自于棕榈油。试验期56 d。结果显示:1)椰子油或棕榈油50%和100%替代乳脂对14~56日龄犊牛平均日增重、干物质采食量、饲料转化率和腹泻率的没有显著影响(P>0.05);2)椰子油或棕榈油50%和100%替代乳脂对哺乳期犊牛血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和游离脂肪酸含量的影响不显著(P>0.05);3)椰子油或棕榈油50%和100%替代乳脂对哺乳期犊牛干物质、有机物、粗脂肪、钙、磷表观消化率和能量利用率的影响不显著(P>0.05)。结果提示,椰子油和棕榈油替代乳脂改变了代乳品中的脂肪酸组成,但不同脂肪酸组成的代乳品对哺乳期犊牛生长性能和营养物质消化代谢无显著影响。

差式扫描量热法甄别椰子油中棕果油掺杂的应用研究

用差式扫描量热仪(DSC)对椰子油和棕果油进行热力学分析,研究混合油脂的热力学特性变化与棕果油掺杂量之间的相关性。结果显示,椰子油和棕果油的DSC图谱具有显著性的差异。随着棕果油的添入,混合油脂吸热峰的左侧逐渐出现一个新峰,同时峰值温度(T_(peak))、峰尾温度(T_(end))以及融化焓(△H)也均呈现出逐渐降低的趋势。一元线性回归分析发现,T_(end)、T_(peak)和△H3个变量与棕果油掺杂量之间呈现出了良好的线性关系,其中利用△H对掺杂量进行甄别的可靠性最大,可决系数(R^2)为0.997 2。DSC分析是甄别椰子油中棕果油掺杂的一个有效方法,具有便捷、快速以及准确性高等特点。

棕榈油合成6502^#型烷醇酰胺

用棕榈油与二乙醇胺在碱性催化剂存在下，于１４０－１５０℃反应４－６ｈ，可制得一种新的６５０２＾＃型烷醇酰胺。试制的６５０２＾＃型棕榈油烷醇酰胺具有与６５０２＾＃型椰子油烷醇胺基本相同的性质。前者可完全代者后者，且成本比后者降低。

椰甲截脉姬小蜂对椰心叶甲及其寄主植物挥发物的行为反应

采川Y型嗅觉仪，测定椰甲截脉姬小蜂（Asecodes hispinarum）雌成虫对离体0．72h未受害椰子心叶、不同头数为害的椰心叶甲（Brontispn longissima）幼虫-椰子心叶复合体、不同时间椰心叶甲幼虫-椰子心叶复合体、机械损伤心叶、成虫为害心叶、3龄幼虫-心叶复合体、3龄幼虫为害去虫叶、幼虫＋粪便及挥发物标样的行为反应．并对椰子挥发性化学物质作了GC—MS测定。结果表明：（1）离体0～72h未受害椰子心叶挥发物对椰甲截脉姬小蜂没有显著的引诱作用。（2）10、15、20头／叶3龄椰心叶甲幼虫为害24h后，幼虫-椰子心叶复合体挥发物对椰甲截脉姬小蜂有显著的吸引作用，其它为害头数的复合体对椰甲截脉姬小蜂没有显著的吸引作用。（3）10头3龄椰心叶甲幼虫为害20～48h．幼虫-椰子心叶复合体挥发物对椰甲截脉姬小蜂有屁著的吸引作用，其它受害时间吸引作用不显著。（4）受害椰子心叶去除幼虫和粪便前后．挥发物对该蜂的引诱作用没有显著差异；未受害心叶、机械损伤心叶、3龄幼虫和粪便对椰甲截脉姬小蜂没有显著的吸引作用。（5）GC—MS分析结果表明，3龄幼虫为害前后．椰子心叶挥发物的含量和成分发生了变化，受害后增加了4种成分：（E）-4，8-二甲基-1，3，7-壬三烯、未知物2、未知物3和苯甲酸乙酯4种物质。（6）椰子挥发物标准品（E）-4，8-二甲基-1，3,7-壬三烯在5×10-2μL/μL和5×10-3μL/μL浓度下，对椰甲截脉姬小蜂有显著的引诱作用，其它浓度对椰甲截脉姬小蜂没有显著的吸引作用。由此可见，椰子心叶受椰心叶甲为害后．诱导的挥发物质为椰甲截脉姬小蜂寻找寄主提供化学信息。

椰心叶甲在我国潜在分布区的预测分析

椰心叶甲已在我国30个县(市)造成了严重危害,为防止其扩散加剧、有效地开展综合防治工作,利用GARP生态位模型进行潜在分布区预测。结果表明:我国南方较广大的地区适宜椰心叶甲的生存,潜在分布区涉及广东、福建等12省区大部地区和云南等7省区的局部地区;原有受害省区内的潜在分布区远远超过当前的分布区。为明确椰心叶甲向北扩散的可能性,建议尽快开展耐寒性方面的研究。

海南岛椰园捕食性瓢虫种类调查

对海南岛椰园捕食性瓢虫种类进行了调查研究。结果表明,该瓢虫种类共有6亚科15属25种。阐述了这些天敌的猎食对象、地理分布及优势种类的生物学习性,并编制了检索表。

生物喷气燃料的组成及基本性质研究

通过对不同原料来源的生物喷气燃料的烃类组成分析,分析原料对产品的影响,同时与石油基喷气燃料比较,研究生物喷气燃料组成与石油基喷气燃料的差别,进一步与石油基喷气燃料调合,分析烃类组成和理化性能,比较生物喷气燃料与石油基喷气燃料性能。结果表明,生物喷气燃料的性能完全符合ASTM D7566附录2的要求,调合后的喷气燃料完全符合GB 6537对3号喷气燃料的要求。

棕榈/椰糠无土栽培基质理化性质比较及调节

为了探索棕榈纤维作为植生袋基质的可行性。采用土壤理化性质分析研究方法,对棕榈和椰糠的理化性质及矿质元素含量进行了测试和分析,并对棕榈生长障碍因素进行了分析和调节。棕榈的总孔隙度为74.47%,持水能力达到294.02%,均处于优良无土栽培基质的适用范围;气水比和椰糠相同,稍偏低,可以通过调节基质的粒度配比进行调整;棕榈的p H值为8.46,偏高,可通过等体积加入0.015 mol/L的稀硫酸进行调节;棕榈的电导率偏高,通过淋洗方式可以将棕榈电导率降低到1.08 ms/cm,棕榈的保水性和酸碱缓冲性与椰糠相似;棕榈保肥性较弱,但本身肥力要优于椰糠,矿质元素含量和椰糠相似。棕榈经过适当的调节,可以作为有机栽培基质。

中国椰子害虫

为了弄清楚我国椰子害虫的种类及其分布情况,采用直接观察法、扫网法、拍打法、诱捕法和吸虫器法等调查方法,调查了我国海南、广东、广西、云南和福建等省区椰子园害虫。结果表明,我国椰子害虫共有64种,分属7目25科,其中新发现我国椰子害虫31种。

日粮中不同油脂对肉鸡小肠组织形态的影响

本试验研究了日粮中添加不同油脂对42日龄肉仔鸡小肠组织形态的影响。试验选取324只1日龄AA肉鸡,随机分成6组,饲喂基础日粮的对照组(CON组),基础日粮添加豆油(SO组),基础日粮添加猪油(LO组),添加以棕榈油为主的配比油脂(COP组)、以椰子油为主的配比油脂(COC组)、多种植物油配比的油脂(COV组)。试验期42d。结果表明:(1)油脂主要影响十二指肠和空肠的微观结构。(2)SO组的十二指肠绒毛高度高于CON组(P<0.05)。(3)LO组的十二指肠与空肠的绒毛高度和隐窝深度均高于CON组(P<0.01)。(4)COP组的十二指肠的绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值高于CON组(P<0.05)、LO组(P<0.01)和SO组(P<0.05),空肠的隐窝深度低于LO组(P<0.05)。(5)COC组的空肠隐窝深度低于CON组(P<0.05)和LO组(P<0.01),空肠绒毛隐窝比值高于CON组(P<0.05)、LO组(P<0.01)和SO组(P<0.05)。(6)COV组的十二指肠的隐窝深度低于LO组(P<0.05),绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值高于SO组(P<0.05)和LO组(P<0.01),空肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值高于LO组(P<0.05)。综上所述,油脂有促进十二指肠和空肠组织形态发育的作用,从提高绒毛表面积考虑,配比椰子油效果最好。

云南省椰子主要病虫害种类初步调查

经过对云南省零星椰子种植区近两年的抽样调查,发现危害本区域的椰子病虫害种类较多,椰子病害主要有椰子茎干泻血病、灰斑病、芽腐病、果腐病、煤烟病,虫害主要种类有椰心叶甲、二疣犀甲、椰园蚧、红脉穗螟、黑刺粉虱等13个类群,并明确了分布范围。

椰子粕、棕榈粕和木薯对猪磷表观消化率的影响

文章旨在评估分别以椰子粕、棕榈粕和木薯为主的日粮对生长猪磷表观消化率的影响。试验将平均体重为(40.2±0.58)kg的24头公猪随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复2头猪。其中1组是日粮以玉米淀粉、蔗糖和明胶为主要原料的无磷日粮,测定了磷的基础内源损失,其他组日粮中含有40%的椰子粕、棕榈粕或木薯。试验共进行21 d,包括3个周期,每个周期分为3 d适应期,4 d样品采集期。结果:化学成分结果显示,椰子粕和棕榈粕的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量大于木薯,而同时椰子粕和棕榈粕总磷含量也高于木薯,但钙含量低于木薯。椰子粕和棕榈粕磷表观消化率较木薯日粮显著提高了228.57%和183.57%(P<0.05),而棕榈粕组钙表观消化率较椰子粕组显著提高了107.07%(P<0.05)。棕榈粕组钙摄入量较椰子粕和木薯组分别显著提高了144.17%和71.09%(P<0.05),棕榈粕组粪排泄量最多(P<0.05),而椰子粕和棕榈粕组粪磷占比最高(P<0.05),棕榈粕组每天粪磷排泄量较木薯组显著提高206.25%(P<0.05)。结论:椰子粕和棕榈粕总磷消化率显著高于木薯,但标准磷表观消化率无显著差异。因此,在低磷原料中用标准磷表示可消化磷较总磷更准确。

代乳品中不同来源脂肪对哺乳期犊牛血清指标、屠宰性能和组织器官发育的影响

本试验旨在研究代乳品中不同来源脂肪对哺乳期犊牛血清指标、屠宰性能和组织器官发育的影响。选取60头初生荷斯坦公犊牛,设5个处理组,每组12个重复,各组营养水平相同,5个代乳品处理组分别为全脂奶粉提供100%的脂肪(W100组)、椰子油替代部分全脂奶粉以提供50%的脂肪(C50组)、椰子油提供100%的脂肪(C100组)、棕榈油替代部分全脂奶粉以提供50%的脂肪(P50组)、棕榈油提供100%的脂肪(P100组)。预试期7 d,正试期42 d。结果表明:P100组犊牛血清葡萄糖浓度显著低于其他处理组(P<0.05);使用椰子油或棕榈油替代全脂奶粉对犊牛屠宰性能的影响差异不显著(P>0.05);P100组犊牛的脾脏鲜重和小肠鲜重显著低于其他组(P<0.05)。综上所述,使用椰子油或棕榈油替代部分全脂奶粉并不影响哺乳期犊牛机体的正常生长、代谢和组织器官发育。