Significant concerns over the health,social and economic burdens of the two most common,and frequently co-misused drugs of abuse,alcohol and tobacco,has encouraged focused but separate health promotion and disease pre...Significant concerns over the health,social and economic burdens of the two most common,and frequently co-misused drugs of abuse,alcohol and tobacco,has encouraged focused but separate health promotion and disease prevention policies.However,this separation of focus means that while individuals who present with alcohol-related problems are increasingly supported to attain and maintain abstinence from alcohol they are not routinely assisted to refrain from smoking.This is tragically inopportune as alcohol and tobacco have an established"synergistic"effect on aerodigestive cancer risk.Moreover,even when patients successfully tackle their alcohol problems they remain at increased risk for developing these cancers,especially if they continue to smoke.A case series is presented together with a discussion on how service provision for co-misuse could be improved to obviate aerodigestive cancer risk.Given the prevalence of alcohol and tobacco use in the United Kingdom,these observations may have far reaching implications for the individual,health provider(s)and wider society.展开更多
The crisis of 2008 has shown the unsustainability of the global imbalances centered on the US-China symbiotic relationship that characterized the previous decade. This has revived the so-called growth-rebalancing deb...The crisis of 2008 has shown the unsustainability of the global imbalances centered on the US-China symbiotic relationship that characterized the previous decade. This has revived the so-called growth-rebalancing debate. In particular, the new emerging consensus calls for a re-orientation of the US economy away from consumption and toward exports, and for policy shifts that can help China to reduce its dependence on external demandand inefficiently high rates of capital accumulation. We discuss the economic and political feasibility of the proposed patterns of re-adjustment by focusing on the short-term and long-term trade-offs faced by the policy-makers. We argue that the rebalancing will be gradual and partial because of the costs associated with a radical shift in the growth models adopted by both countries. We believe that this scenario will be consistent with a world economy expanding at lower rates than over the past decade.展开更多
A test and decomposition of the codependent cycles of the consumer price index （CPI）, agricultural producer price index （APPI） and M2 reveals that the sharp cyclical fluctuations in agricultural producer prices la...A test and decomposition of the codependent cycles of the consumer price index （CPI）, agricultural producer price index （APPI） and M2 reveals that the sharp cyclical fluctuations in agricultural producer prices largely stem from the grain price fluctuations induced by factors such as land enclosure and the impact on APP of the abrupt changes in pork prices and other factors. Therefore, changing the current policy of grain purchasing price subsidies to one of subsidies to grain production and sales will reduce the impact of grain prices and other factors on APP and inflation. The weak cyclic codependence among APP, CPI and M2, along with the strong cyclic codependence between M2 and CPI, has given rise to a ＂shuttle-shaped＂ intersection of cyclic elements. This indicates that China＇s monetary policy goal has been alternating between curbing inflation and stimulating growth. When the APP cycle is basically stable, China can implement a moderately easing monetary policy to stimulate economic growth, but this must be based on a 1.5 or so margin of increase in the codependent cycle components of M2. When APP rises sharply or is in the rising phase of cycle elements,China should emphasize APP control, and should delay the moderately easing monetary policy till the APP cycle becomes stable or is in the downlink phase.展开更多
文摘Significant concerns over the health,social and economic burdens of the two most common,and frequently co-misused drugs of abuse,alcohol and tobacco,has encouraged focused but separate health promotion and disease prevention policies.However,this separation of focus means that while individuals who present with alcohol-related problems are increasingly supported to attain and maintain abstinence from alcohol they are not routinely assisted to refrain from smoking.This is tragically inopportune as alcohol and tobacco have an established"synergistic"effect on aerodigestive cancer risk.Moreover,even when patients successfully tackle their alcohol problems they remain at increased risk for developing these cancers,especially if they continue to smoke.A case series is presented together with a discussion on how service provision for co-misuse could be improved to obviate aerodigestive cancer risk.Given the prevalence of alcohol and tobacco use in the United Kingdom,these observations may have far reaching implications for the individual,health provider(s)and wider society.
基金supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2020B090919005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21975274 and 52101276)+4 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA22010600)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2020KE032 and ZR2022QB160)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(2021210)the Shandong Energy Institute(SEI)(SEI I202117)Parts of the work were also supported by the BMWi/BMWK project HiBrain(03ET039G)。
文摘The crisis of 2008 has shown the unsustainability of the global imbalances centered on the US-China symbiotic relationship that characterized the previous decade. This has revived the so-called growth-rebalancing debate. In particular, the new emerging consensus calls for a re-orientation of the US economy away from consumption and toward exports, and for policy shifts that can help China to reduce its dependence on external demandand inefficiently high rates of capital accumulation. We discuss the economic and political feasibility of the proposed patterns of re-adjustment by focusing on the short-term and long-term trade-offs faced by the policy-makers. We argue that the rebalancing will be gradual and partial because of the costs associated with a radical shift in the growth models adopted by both countries. We believe that this scenario will be consistent with a world economy expanding at lower rates than over the past decade.
文摘A test and decomposition of the codependent cycles of the consumer price index （CPI）, agricultural producer price index （APPI） and M2 reveals that the sharp cyclical fluctuations in agricultural producer prices largely stem from the grain price fluctuations induced by factors such as land enclosure and the impact on APP of the abrupt changes in pork prices and other factors. Therefore, changing the current policy of grain purchasing price subsidies to one of subsidies to grain production and sales will reduce the impact of grain prices and other factors on APP and inflation. The weak cyclic codependence among APP, CPI and M2, along with the strong cyclic codependence between M2 and CPI, has given rise to a ＂shuttle-shaped＂ intersection of cyclic elements. This indicates that China＇s monetary policy goal has been alternating between curbing inflation and stimulating growth. When the APP cycle is basically stable, China can implement a moderately easing monetary policy to stimulate economic growth, but this must be based on a 1.5 or so margin of increase in the codependent cycle components of M2. When APP rises sharply or is in the rising phase of cycle elements,China should emphasize APP control, and should delay the moderately easing monetary policy till the APP cycle becomes stable or is in the downlink phase.
