Research progress on the anti-tumor effect of Codonopsis pilosula

Currently,the mortality rate of malignant tumors ranks second globally,surpassed only by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.The treatment of malignant tumors poses a formidable challenge to both modern medicine and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).To date,TCM has developed a substantial foundational theoretical understanding and accumulated significant clinical experience in combating tumors.According to TCM foundational theories,"Qi deficiency"is a critical symptom associated with cancer,and"fortifying the body's vitality while expelling pathogens"is the cornerstone of TCM's approach to tumor treatment and bodily balance.Codonopsis pilosula(CP),a Qi-invigorating herb,is known to invigorat the spleen,benefit the lungs,nourish the blood,and promote bodily fluids.It is often employed as a substitute for ginseng in clinical settings.Prolonged clinical observations have identified key active constituents of CP,such as Codonopsis polysaccharides,isoimperatorin,saponins,lobetyolin,sesquiterpene lactones,and muscone.These ingredients exhibit various therapeutic properties,including anti-tumor,immunomodulatory,anti-infective,antioxidant,and hematopoiesis-enhancing effects.Additionally,when CP is combined with other TCM herbs like Astragalus and Atractylodes macrocephala,it bolsters the body's vital energy and rejuvenates both Qi and blood.CP can be used in combination with chemotherapy agents to mitigate the adverse effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Moreover,CP demonstrates potential in preventing precancerous lesions.This review summarizes recent research findings on the anti-tumor properties of CP,elucidates the anti-tumor effects and molecular mechanisms of its active components,provides a basis for promoting the utilization of CP resources and its active constituents,and offers insights for the research and development of new anti-tumor drugs.

Resource Characteristics and Sustainable Utilization of Codonopsis convolve, a Tibetan Medicinal Plant

In this paper, the resources of Codonopsis convolvulacea subsp. Vinciflora in 13 counties of Tibet were investigated and analyzed by field investigation, sample point-sample set-sample survey, market investigation and expert visit. The results showed that among the 13 counties, the distribution area of C. convolvulacea ranked as Gongbujiangda County 〉 Zuogong County 〉 Milin County 〉 Mozhugongka County 〉 Lang County 〉 Duilongdeqing County 〉 Chayu County=Jiali County= Mangkang County=Dingqing County=Baqing County=Suo County=Nimu County. The Gongbujiangda County showed the largest distribution, while Zuogong County and Milin County showed relatively small distribution. Chayu County, Jiali County, Mangkang County, Dingqing County, Baqing County, Suo County and Nimu County showed no distribution. The average plant dry weight C. convolvulacea ranked as Duilongdeqing County 〉 Lang County, Gongbujiangda County 〉Milin County 〉Chayu County =Jiali County =Zuogong County =Mangkang County =Dingqing County =Baqing County=Suo County=Mozhugongka County=Nimu County. Among them, Duilongdeqing County showed the largest average plant dry weight. The average plant dry weight of C. convolvulacea in Chayu County, Jiali County, Zuogong County, Mangkang County, Dingqing County, Baqing County, Suo County, Mozhugongka County and Nimu County was all 0 g. The order of biomass of C. convolvulacea in the 13 counties was Mozhugongka County 〉Duilongdeqing County 〉 Lang County 〉 Gongbujiangda County 〉Milin County 〉Zuogong County 〉Dingqing County =Jiali County=Mangkang County=Chayu County=Nimu County=Suo County=Baqing County. Mozhugongka County showed the largest biomass, while the biomass of C. convolvulacea in Dingqing County, Jiali County, Mangkang County, Chayu County, Nimu County, Suo County and Baqing County was all 0 t. The reserve of C. convolvulacea is determined by distribution area habitat and its own growth. In the 13 counties, the reserve of C. convolvulacea ranked as Gongbujiangda County 〉Mozhugongka County 〉 Lang County 〉Zuogong County 〉Milin County 〉Duilongdeqing County 〉Dingqing County=Jiali County=Mangkang County=Chayu County=Nimu County=Suo County=Baqing County. The reserve of C. convolvulacea was biggest in Gongbujiangda County and was relatively small in Dingqing County, Jiali County, Mangkang County, Chayu County, Nimu County, Suo County and Baqing County. Targeting at the problems existing in the utilization of C. convolvulacea, some suggestions are put forward, such as establishment of reserve for medicinal plant ecological industry, artificial cultivation, renewing concept and rational exploitation and utilization. In this paper, the resource characteristics and sustainable utilization of Tibetan medicinal plants were studied so as to provide a theoretical basis for the rational development and utilization of C. convolvulacea in the region.

Inspection Methods and Quality Grading Standards for Codonopsis pilosula Seeds

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the inspection methods and quality grading standards for Codonopsis pilosula seeds. [Method] A total of 27 shares of C. pilosula seeds were collected and surveyed from six counties in Shanxi, Gansu and Shaanxi provinces. The inspection methods of various indicators, such as purity, 1 000-grain weight, germination rate, vitality and moisture content, were investigated in accordance with Rules for Agricultural Seed Testing （GB/T 3543.1-7, 1995）, to develop the appropriate quality inspection method for C. pilosula seeds. Based on the developed inspection method and procedures, the quality of 27 shares of C. pilosula seed samples from different regions was inspected, thus es- tablishing quality grading standards for C. pilosula seeds with K-center clustering method. [Result] C. pilosula seeds are suitable to be cultivated in cool regions. The optimal germination temperature was 25 ~C; the optimal germination bed was gauze bed; the optimal staining conditions were： staining temperature 40 ~, TTC concen- tration 0.5%, staining time 4 h. On the basis of cluster analysis, the quality of C. pilosula seeds could be divided into three grades according to five indicators, includ- ing the purity, 1 000-grain weight, moisture content, vitality, and germination rate. Specifically, vitality and germination rate were important factors of grading standards due to the significant differences, followed by purity, 1 000-grain weight and mois- ture content. [Conclusion] This study provided an important basis for standardized cultivation and industrial development of C. pilosula.

Flavones Isolated from Codonopsis xundianensis

Genus Codonopsis comprises more than 40 species in China. The roots of these plants have been used as traditional Chinese medicines or folk love herbs. Codonopsis xundianensis Wang ZT et Xu GJ grows in Yunnan Province and its roots are often used as a tonic. In this paper, we report the isolation and structural elucidation of chrysoeriol (1), tricin (2), wogonin (3) and luteolin (4) from the roots of Codonopsis xundianensis. Compounds 1-3 were found in Codonopsis for the first time.

A New Triterpenoid Saponin from Codonopsis lanceolata

A new triterpenoid saponin, named codonolaside （1） was isolated from the root of Codonopsis lanceolata. Its structure was determined by analysis of its spectral and chemical data.

Industrial Poverty Alleviation Model in Southwestern High-altitude Mountainous Areas of China——A Case Study of Industrial Poverty Alleviation of Xueshan Township in Luquan County of Yunnan Province through Planting Codonopsis pilosula

Due to the severe restrictions of natural conditions and ecological environment,high-altitude mountainous areas usually become the " hard bones" in the battle against poverty. Xueshan Township,Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County of Yunnan Province,located in the alpine valley of Jinsha River,is a major township with wide and deep poverty,and the incidence of poverty is up to 45. 00%. In recent years,Xueshan Township has insisted on the battle against poverty,made effort to develop the Codonopsis pilosula industry,and successfully developed a road to poverty alleviation through C. pilosula industry,and formed a unique industrial poverty alleviation model by the end of 2018,the incidence of poverty dropped to 0. 74%. Based on field survey and interview,this paper analyzes and summarizes the specific practices,main results,practical experience and promotion and application measures of the poverty alleviation model of C. pilosula planting industry in Xueshan Township,in the hope of providing certain reference for the targeted poverty alleviation in similar areas in Yunnan Province and other provinces of China.

Effects of Different Processed Products of Radix Codonopsis on Intestinal Flora of Rats with Spleen Deficiency

[Objectives]This study aimed to observe the effects of different processed products of Radix Codonopsis on intestinal flora in rats with spleen deficiency.[Methods]Rat models with spleen deficiency were established by bitter-cold purgation method with Radix et Rhizoma Rhei.Normal group,model group,Radix Codonopsis group,fried Radix Codonopsis group,rice-fried Radix Codonopsis group,honey-fried Radix Codonopsis group and bran-fired Radix Codonopsis group were designed.After subjecting to corresponding treatments,the changes in the quantity of intestinal microorganisms of the rats were detected.[Results]There was no significant change in the quantity of intestinal microorganisms of the rats in the normal group and model group.The rats in the rice-fried Radix Codonopsis group were administered after successful modeling,and the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the intestines of the rats increased,and the quantity of Escherichia coli and Staphylococci reduced.The rats in the Radix Codonopsis group,fried Radix Codonopsis groups,honey-fried Radix Codonopsis group and bran-fried Radix Codonopsis group were administered after successful modeling,and the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the intestines of the rats increased(the increases were smaller than those in the rice-fried Radix Codonopsis group),and the abundance of E.coli and Staphylococci reduced,close to normal levels.[Conclusions]Different processed products of Radix Codonopsis have obvious regulation effect on intestinal flora of rats with spleen deficiency,and the regulation effect of rice-fried Radix Codonopsis on rats with spleen deficiency is better than that of Radix Codonopsis,fried Radix Codonopsis,honey-fried Radix Codonopsis and bran-fried Radix Codonopsis.

Geographical origin discrimination and polysaccharides quantitative analysis of Radia codonopsis with micro near-infrared spectrometer engine

At present,Tradition Chinese Medicine(TCM)industry in China is in the stage from the empirical development to industrial production.Near infrared(NIR)spectroscopy has been widely used in the quality control of TCM's modernization with its characteristics incuding rapidness,nondestruction,simplicity,economy,and so on.In this study,as one type of a portable micro NIR spectrometer,Micro NIR 1700 was used to establish the qualitative models for identification of geographical region and authenticity of Radix codonopsis based on discriminant analysis(DA)method.Both of the DA models had better predictive ability with 100%accuracy.In addition,a method for rapid quantitative analysis of polysaccharide in Radix codonopsis was also developed based on Micro NIR 1700 spectrometer with partial last-squares(PLS)algo-rithm.In the PLS calibration model,the NIR.spectra of samples were pretreated with different preprocessing methods and the spectral region was selected with different variable selection methods as well.The performance of the final PLS model was evaluated according to correlation cofficient of calibration(Rc),correlation coefficient of prediction(Rp),root mean squared error of cross validation(RMSECV),and root mean squared of prediction(RMSEP).The values of Re,Rp,RMSECV,and RMSEP were 0.9775,0.9602,2.496,and 2.734 g/mL,respectively.This work demonstrated that micro infrared spectrometer could be more convenient and rapid for quality control of Radix codonopsis,and the presented models would be a u1seful reference for quality control of other simi lar raw materials of TCM.

Effects of Panax ginseng,Codonopsis pilosula and Pseudostellaria heterophylla on Sexual Maturity of SD Female Rats

[Objectives] To study the effects of Panax ginseng,Codonopsis pilosula and Pseudostellaria heterophylla on the growth and development of SD female rats. [Methods] The rats were randomly divided into control group,P. ginseng group,C. pilosula group,and P. heterophylla group,intragastrically administered with physiological saline,P. ginseng,C. pilosula,and P. heterophylla for 2 weeks,daily vaginal smear inspection was performed,estradiol( E_2) level before and after intervention was detected,rats were dissected,took out ovary and uterus,and calculated the ovarian index and uterus index. [Results]In 4 groups of rats,there was no significant difference in the time of sexual maturity and ovarian index; compared with the control group,E_2 level of C. pilosula group and P. ginseng group were higher( P < 0. 05);compared with the control group and P. heterophylla group,the ovarian index of P. ginseng group was higher( P < 0. 05); compared with the control group,the body weight of three administration groups increased much more( P < 0. 05). [Conclusions] P. ginseng and C. pilosula may lead to sexual maturity of SD female rats,while P. ginseng,C. pilosula and P. heterophylla can promote increase of body weight of SD female rats.

Protective effect and its mechanism of codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide on memory consolidation disorder induced by cycloheximide in mice

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of Codonopsis Pilosula Polysaccharide(CPPS)on improving of the memory consolidation disorder induced by Cycloheximide and its possible mechanisms in mice.METHODS The mice was divided into five groups,as normal control group,cycloheximid model group,piracetam positive control group,CPPS 300 mg·kg^(-1) group,and CPPS150 mg·kg^(-1) group.The mice respectively were given saline,piracetam,and CPPS for 15 d.The memory consolidation disorder model in mice was established by ip.Cyclohexylamine,and orally administered CPPS(300 mg·kg^(-1) or 150 mg·kg^(-1))every day.Then experimental groups were subjected Morris Water Maze test.Western blotting analysis were used to analysis the expression of Ca MKⅡ/CREB signaling pathways.RESULTS Morris water maze experiment showed that cyclohexylamine can cause memory consolidation disorder(P<0.01),and giving piracetam and CPPS(300 mg·kg-1)can improve spatial memory impairment in mice(P<0.05,P<0.01).Western blotting experiment results show that compared with normal control group,Ca MKⅡand CREB contents of brain in model group mice had significant decreased(P<0.001);Compared with model group,Ca MKⅡand CREB contents of brain tissue in piracetam and CPPS groups increased significantly(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001).CONCLUSION Cycloheximide can induce the memory consolidation disorder,and its effect in mice related to Ca MK/CREB signaling pathways.CPPS can improved this memory disorder by influence Ca MKⅡ/CREB signaling pathways.

Effects of Different Storage Methods and Storage Time on the Quality of Codonopsis pilosula

[Objectives]To study the effects of different storage methods and storage time on the quality of Codonopsis pilosula.[Methods]Experiment was performed by setting three different storage methods and times.[Results]When stored for 12 months,the extract content in the natural storage,conventional sealing,and controlled atmosphere storage was slightly lower than 77.32%before storage,and decreased by 2.82%,3.62%,and 1.71%,respectively.When stored for 18 months,the extract content was 74.14%,73.21%,and 72.08%,decreased by 4.11%,5.31%,and 6.78%,respectively compared with that before storage,all of which met the specified content in Chinese Pharmacopoeia.[Conclusions]The three storage times had significant effects on moisture and extract content of C.pilosula,but had no significant effects on atractylenolide III.With the extension of storage time,the moisture,extract,and content declined,so the storage time theoretically should not exceed 12 months.

Research on anti-pancreatic cancer mechanism of Codonopsis codonopsis based on network pharmacology

Objective:The mechanism of Dangshen(Codonopsis pilosula)in treating pancreatic cancer(PC)was explored by network pharmacology technology and platform.Methods:The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform(TCMSP)was used to collect the effective compounds and potential targets of C.pilosula,and the genes associated with PC were obtained through the GeneCards database,the interaction genes between the effective compound targets of C.pilosula and PC targets were explored by the Venny method.The following mapping the interaction genes into a protein-protein interaction(PPI)network,and the key targets were screened.Finally,the interactive genes were imported into the DAVID database for gene ontology(GO)annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)signal enrichment.Results:Twenty-one effective compounds and 98 downstream target genes of C.pilosula were screened through the TCMSP database.A total of 1,278 PC target genes were obtained through the GeneCards database,and the number of overlap genes between C.pilosula targets and PC related genes was 54,of which 10 were key node genes,namely CASP3,TP53,MDM2,AKT1,ESR1,BCL2L1,MCL1,HSP90AA1,CASP9,and CCND.These interactive genes involved a total of 30 typical GO terms and 20 KEGG signals.Conclusion:C.pilosula may play a role in treating PC through multi-component,multi-target,and multi-signal pathways.

In vitro Propagation of Codonopsis pilosula"Fengdang"

[Objectives]The paper was to establish in vitro propagation of an excellent germplasm of Codonopsis pilosula"Fengdang".[Methods]The effects of different plant growth regulators on callus induction and redifferentiation were tested by using sterile stem explants in vitro that germinated from seeds of superior"Fengdang"plant.[Results]The optimum medium for callus induction was MS+0.5 mg/L NAA+1.0 mg/L 16-BA.The optimal medium for bud differentiation was MS+0.1 mg/L NAA+0.5 mg/L 6-BA,and that for rooting was 1/2 MS+0.2 mg/L NAA+0.2 mg/L IBA.By using the media mentioned above,the rates of callus induction,bud differentiation and rooting reached 91%,100%and 97%,respectively.[Conclusions]The rapid propagation system of regenerated plants in vitro established in this study lays a foundation for the popularization and industrialized seedling of excellent germplasm of"Fengdang".

Effects of Different Seedling Grades on Yield and Commercial Quality of Codonopsis pilosula

[Objectives] This study was conducted to further explore the yield increasing potential of Codonopsis pilosula, and to seek seedlings suitable for efficient production of C. pilosula. [Methods] The effects of C. pilosula seedlings of different sizes on root yield and commercial quality under different cultivation densities were studied. [Results] The fourth-grade seedlings had the least input, the highest yield of 6 948 kg/hm^2, the largest output-to-input ratio at 18.3, the highest root weight proportion of the second-grade product at 58.1%, and the lowest root weight proportion of the first-grade product at 17.6%. Considering the yield, quality and economic benefits comprehensively, the treatment of the fourth-grade seedlings(seedling diameter≤4 mm) is the best choice, and the suitable plant spacing is 8 cm×22 cm. [Conclusions] The study provided a reference basis for the cost saving and efficiency improvement of C. pilosula production.

党参化肥农药减施增效栽培技术规程

化肥农药减施增效可助力党参产业绿色健康发展。为更好地指导甘肃省党参种植生产中化肥和农药施用,针对党参种植生产中化肥农药过量施用、养分利用率低、防控过度依赖化学农药等问题,经过多年试验研究和生产示范,从范围、规范性引用文件、术语和定义、产地环境、化肥减施、种苗移栽、田间管理、主要病虫害防控、采收等方面总结提出了党参化肥农药减施增效栽培技术规程。

基于网络药理学和分子对接探讨党参防治免疫性血小板减少症的分子机制

目的:采用网络药理学、差异基因分析、分子对接方法初步阐明党参治疗免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)的分子机制。方法:在传统中药系统药理学数据库(TCMSP)、传统中药综合数据库(TCMID)和中医药百科全书数据库(ETCM)中检索党参的主要成分和相应的蛋白质靶标。在GeneCards、OMIM、DisGeNET数据库收集ITP的靶点,构建韦恩图获得复合靶标和疾病的交集靶点,并将靶标导入STRING数据库,使用Cytoscape3.9.1构建PPI网络。接着对交集靶点进行基因本体(GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)富集分析,以探索ITP与党参的相关信号通路,最后对关键靶点和活性化合物进行分子对接研究。结果:共获得党参的84种潜在活性化合物、2354个疾病靶点与257个药物靶点,并得到86个交集靶点。通过蛋白互相作用网络图(PPI)分析确定了15个关键靶点,Degree值排名前5位的靶点包括血管内皮生长因子A(VEGFA)、Src原癌基因(SRC)、白细胞介素2(IL2)、过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体γ(PPARG)、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)。GO和KEGG分析表明,党参治疗ITP主要涉及ERK1和ERK2级联的正向调控、信号转导、蛋白质磷酸化等生物学过程,信号通路主要包括PI3K/Akt、癌症通路、T细胞信号通路。分子对接结果表明,SRC、PPARG与11-hydroxyrankinidine具有较高的结合活性。肉豆蔻酸、乙基α-d果糖呋喃糖苷、黄豆黄素是重要的活性化合物并通过分子对接模拟进行验证。结论:本研究从多个角度阐明党参可能通过调节多个靶点和多条途径对ITP产生治疗作用,可为进一步深入研究党参对ITP的作用提供科学依据。

不同种植年限川党参根际土壤细菌群落结构研究

为了探究生长年限对川党参根际土壤细菌群落结构特征及其多样性的影响,阐明细菌群落变化规律,采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术对1年生、2年生、3年生和4年生的川党参根际土壤细菌16S rRNA序列进行测序分析。结果表明:(1)生长年限显著影响川党参根际土壤细菌群落多样性,其OTU数、Alpha多样性指数均随生长年限增加呈先升高后降低的趋势;(2)生长年限改变了细菌群落组成,但在门水平上优势菌门(相对丰度>5%)相对稳定,均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、未分类细菌门(unclassified_Bacteria)、酸杆菌门(Aci-dobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi),其相对丰度总和占85.71%~91.39%;在属水平上优势菌群相差较大,仅有全噬菌属(Holophaga)和念珠菌属(Candidatus Udaeo-bacter)是4个年限所共有的优势菌属,革兰氏阴性菌cTPY-13(Gram-negative bacterium cTPY-13)则为2年生独有优势菌属,其余则分别为不同年限有相应共有优势菌属;(3)PCoA分析与UPGMA聚类分析显示,各生长年限间细菌群落差异明显,随生长年限增加,不同组间细菌群落结构差异先增大后逐渐减小,细菌群落在2~3年生时演变较为剧烈;(4)土壤速效养分是影响根际土壤细菌群落的主要环境因子,其程度大小为水解氮(HN)>有效磷(AP)>速效钾(AK),优势菌门中酸杆菌门与AP、AK呈显著负相关(P<0.05),拟杆菌门与AP、AK呈显著正相关(P<0.05),而绿弯菌门与HN呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。综上所述,川党参生长年限延长会影响根际土壤细菌群落结构和多样性,从而改变其根际微生态系统。

党参多糖对慢性萎缩性胃炎大鼠胃黏膜损伤的影响

目的探究党参多糖(CPP)调节核转录因子红系2相关因子2(Nrf2)/血红素加氧酶1(HO-1)信号通路对慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)大鼠胃黏膜损伤的影响。方法将大鼠随机分为对照组,模型组,CPP低、中、高剂量组(CPP 10、20、40 mg/kg)及ML385组(Nrf2抑制剂ML38530 mg/kg联用CPP 40 mg/kg),每组10只,采用N-甲基-N′-硝基-N-亚硝基胍联合不规律饮食法建立CAG大鼠模型后,连续给药6周。HE染色观察胃黏膜组织病理形态变化;检测血清胃泌素(GAS)、胃动素(MTL)、胃蛋白酶(PP)及胃黏膜组织肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素8(IL-8)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平;TUNEL染色观察胃黏膜组织细胞凋亡情况;免疫组化法观察胃黏膜组织Nrf2、B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)相关X蛋白(Bax)表达;Western blot法检测胃黏膜组织Nrf2、HO-1、Bax、Bcl-2蛋白表达。结果与对照组比较,模型组大鼠胃黏膜组织损伤;GAS、MTL、PP、SOD水平,Nrf2、HO-1、Bcl-2蛋白表达水平均显著降低(P<0.05);MDA、TNF-α、IL-8水平,细胞凋亡指数,Bax蛋白表达水平均显著升高(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,CPP低、中、高剂量组胃黏膜组织病理有不同程度改善;各定量指标均显著逆转(P<0.05);Nrf2抑制剂ML385可显著减弱高剂量CPP对CAG大鼠上述指标的改善作用(P<0.05)。结论CPP能改善CAG大鼠胃黏膜损伤,抑制氧化应激、炎症反应和细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与激活Nrf2/HO-1信号通路有关。

种苗期川党参根际土壤细菌群落变化研究

目的:研究川党参种苗期根际土壤细菌群落的结构特征和多样性变化,掌握种苗期土壤微生物群落的演替规律,为川党参连作障碍的防治提供理论依据。方法:采集1年生(Op1)和2年生(Op2)的川党参根际土壤,采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术进行细菌16S rRNA序列V3-V4区的高通量测序,对种苗期根际土壤细菌群落变化进行分析。结果:通过MiSeq测序共得到882369条优化序列,其中1年生注释到9926个OTU,2年生注释到7560个OTU。种苗期随生长年限的增加,川党参根际土壤速效养分、细菌群落丰富度和多样性均呈增加趋势。在细菌门分类水平上,1年生有5个优势菌群(相对丰度均大于5%),2年生有7个优势菌群,共有优势菌群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes);在属分类水平上排名前五菌群中只有全噬菌属(Holophaga)与念珠菌属(Candidatus Udaeobacter)为共有优势菌群,且1年生有11个独有菌群。PCoA分析与UPGMA聚类分析表明1年生与2年生川党参根际土壤细菌群落具有显著差异,随生长年限延长根际土壤细菌群落结构演变明显。结论:川党参种苗期根际土壤速效养分、土壤细菌群落多样性呈递增变化,细菌群落结构相似性呈递减变化。研究为揭示川党参种植和连作障碍形成的原因提供了理论依据。

甘肃不同产地党参性状、无机元素、党参炔苷差异及相关性研究

目的:研究甘肃不同产地党参性状、无机元素及党参炔苷(LBT)差异,分析彼此间的相关性,为党参质量评价及产地归属提供依据。方法:收集甘肃9个产地党参药材,进行性状比较,并采用原子吸收光谱法测定党参中10种无机元素含量;采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定LBT含量;并统计分析无机元素和LBT含量,联合性状进行相关性研究。结果:不同产地党参性状、无机元素及LBT含量存在差异,各元素平均含量高低顺序大致为K>Mg>Ca>Na>Fe>Mn>Co>Zn>Ni>Cu;LBT含量范围为0.75~6.50 mg/g。聚类分析将其分为四类。相关性分析表明不同产地党参中LBT含量与Mn、Na、Mg含量呈显著正相关;Co含量与党参“菊花心”特征呈负相关;Fe、Ca含量与党参根头部横环纹特征存在正相关。正交偏最小二乘法判别分析发现LBT、K、Mn、Ca、Na、Mg是鉴别不同产地党参的主要成分元素。结论:不同产地党参性状、无机元素及LBT含量表现出一定的相关性,三方面联合可有效评价党参质量及产地归属。