Effects of Ni addition on liquid phase separation and giant magnetoresistance of Cu-Co alloys

The effects of Ni addition on the liquid phase separation and giant magnetoresi stance (GMR) of Cu Co alloys were discussed. The results reveal that Ni additio n can partially restrain the liquid phase separation of Cu Co alloys, resultin g in a decrease of volume fraction for the Co rich particles separated from the liquid phase and in refined microstructures. The composition analyses indicate t hat Ni is dissolved in both the Co rich and the Cu rich phases, but Ni content in the Co rich phase is much higher than that in the Cu matrix. At the same ti me, Ni addition enhance the solubility between Cu and Co, especially Cu in Co s olid solution. Ni alloying into Cu Co alloys can fully prevent the liquid phase separation during melt spinning, which is very beneficial to improve GMR of Cu Co alloys.

Separation of cadmium and nickel from waste Ni-Cd batteries

To separate the cadmium and nickel resources in waste Ni-Cd batteries,a self-designed vacuum distillation recycling system was studied under laboratory conditions.The effects of system temperature,operating pressure,and time on the separation of Ni and Cd were studied respectively.The mechanism of vacuum thermal recycling was also discussed.Results show that vacuum distillation is a very effective separation method for waste Ni-Cd batteries.At a Constant pressure,the increase of temperature can improve the separating efficiency of Cd.When the temperature is 1173K,Cadmium can evaporate completely from the samples during 3h at 10Pa,The reduction of pressure in a certain range is effective to the separating of Cd from Ni-Cd batteries by vacuum distillation.

First-principles calculation of phase equilibria and phase separation of the Fe-Ni alloy system

Theoretical investigation of the phase equilibria of the Fe-Ni alloy has been performed by combining the FLAPW total energy calculations and the Cluster Variation Method through the Cluster Expansion Method. The calcula- tions have proved the stabilization of the L12 phase at 1:3 stoichiometry, which is in agreement with the experimental result, and predicted the existence of L10 as a stable phase below 550 K; this L10 phase has been missing in the conventional phase diagram. The calculations are extended to the Fe-rich region that is characterized by a wide range phase separation and has drawn considerable attention because of the intriguing Invar property associated with a Fe concentration of 65%. To reveal the origin of the phase separation, a P-V curve in an entire concentration range is derived by the second derivative of free energy functional of the disordered phase with respect to the volume. The calculation confirmed that the phase separation is caused by the breakdown of the mechanical-stability criterion. The newly calculated phase separation line combined with the L10 and L12 order-disordered phase boundaries provides phase equilibria in the wider concentration range of the system. Furthermore, a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is attempted by incorporating the thermal vibration effect through harmonic approximation of the Debye–Gruneisen model. The Invar behavior has been reproduced, and the origin of this anomalous volume change has been discussed.

Degradation analysis of nickel/metal hydride battery and its electrodes materials

The results indicate that during charge and discharge, the expansion of Ni（OH）2 crystal, pulverization of MH alloy particles and falling off from current collector are identified as the main causes for deterioration of Ni/MH batteries. Meanwhile, the contact resistance of inner battery increases due to the deterioration of the negative and positive electrode, and these changes lead to increasing battery body temperature and damaging its electrode and separator. The fibre’s expansion and hole’s diminishment of battery’s separator after degradation will affect the electrochemical performance and cycle life of Ni/MH batteries.

Thermodynamical and catalytic aspects of zinc separation from aqueous solution

The present research work examines extraction mechanism of zinc by D2 EHPA(Di-2-ethyl hexyl phosphoric acid) and comprehensively studies the main effective parameters on the process. Results of thermodynamic experiments showed that zinc extraction by D2 EHPA was endothermic and spontaneous, and thermodynamic parameters including entropy and enthalpy were + 27.37 J·mol^(-1)·K^(-1) and 25.21 kJ·mol^(-1), respectively.Gibbs free energy was varied between-7.21 kJ·mol^(-1) and-8.41 kJ·mol^(-1) with the variation of temperature from 20 °C to 70 °C. Solution ionic strength was increased by addition of potassium and lithium sulfate solution while addition of calcium sulfate decreased ionic strength whereby zinc extraction efficiency was also decreased.TBP showed positive synergism at concentration of 5%(v/v) and negative synergism effect at concentrations of2% and 10%. Simultaneous addition of both TBP and salt caused extraction efficiency to drop significantly and lower both TBP and ionic strength efficiency. Results showed that a continuous addition of TBP tends to effectively improve the zinc extraction efficiency. Experiments in the presence of catalyst Ni-Raney demonstrated that zinc extraction kinetic increases remarkably and due to easy recycling of the catalyst, we can propose a novel idea in solvent extraction field.

Electrochemical Isolation and Determination of GCP Phase in a Fe-Cr-Ni Alloy

Geometrical Close Packed(GCP) phase in Fe-Cr-Ni alloy was quantitatively isolated and precisely determined when electrolyzed in 10%H_3PO_4 electrolyte at a low current density of5 mA/cm^2 and 22 ℃±1 ℃.The transpassive dissolution potential of the alloy matrix under above conditions is about 1 140 mV(SCE),at which GCP phase is in passive state and can be isolated from the alloy.

Preparation of Ti-Ni Porous Alloys and Its Hydrogen Isotope Effects

Ti-Ni porous alloy was made from titanium and nickel powder mixture in equiatomic composition by combustion synthesis technique （self-propagation high temperature synthesis）. The result analyzed by SEM and XRD shows that the alloy possesses high porosity （50%～70%）, and mainly consists of TiNi phase as well as rare Ti2Ni and TiNi3 transition phase. Then it was activated, cracked and used as sorbent for hydrogen isotope separation. Through experiment investigation, it was discovered that the alloy is able to absorb hydrogen in very large quantities in the lattice thereof, but deuterium only very slightly or not at all, at temperatures up to 623 K, especially at temperatures from about 323 to 423 K. According to this characteristic, the Ti-Ni porous alloys may replace noble metal palladium（Pd） as used for hydrogen isotope separation and purification. Study illustrated that the technology would have a promising engineering application, such as being used for reprocessing Tokamak exhaust gases and producing high purity deuterium.

Liquid-liquid phase separation in highly undercooled Ni-Pb hypermonotectic alloys

Liquid-liquid phase separation in the undercooled Ni-20%Pb(mole fraction, the same below if not mentioned) hypermonotectic melts was investigated by the observation of the water-quenched structure and DTA analysis. The results indicate that the number of spherical cells in the water-quenched microstructure increases with dropping temperature, and the cells gather and grow up obviously. The spherical cell origins from L1 phase separated from homogeneous melt, and is the product of monotectic reaction. Both results of the water-quenched structures and DTA analysis prove that liquid phase separation still occurs in the highly undercooled Ni-Pb hypermonotectic alloy melts, and liquid phase separation in the immiscible gap can not be fully inhibited by high undercooling and rapid solidification.

液-液萃取浮选法分离Ni(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅲ)的研究

研究了在（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４存在下，乙醇与水分相的条件。试验表明，丁二酮肟与镍生成的螯合物沉淀可以被萃取浮选在乙醇与水两相之间，钴与丁二酮肟生成的螯合物被乙醇萃取，Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）留在水相中，实现了同一体系中三相分离Ｎｉ（Ⅱ）、Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）、Ｆｅ（Ⅲ），结果满意。

配位萃取色谱法分离Co(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)的研究

采用添加配位剂氨基乙酸于料液中，以取代传统的树脂转型方法．考察了淋洗ｐＨ值、进样量及料液Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ比等因素对分离的影响．在ｐＨ＝３．４０时５ｇ树脂可以将１６００μｇ的Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ比为１～１００的金属完全分离．并就氨基乙酸的配位。

Co-Ni离子的电反萃实验

电反萃技术是把离子交换、萃取、膜分离过程结合在一起的一种新的分离方法。弱酸性油相萃取剂通过吸附了金属离子的离子交换柱，油相依次萃出树脂相中的各种金属离子，不同萃出部分的油相用充填床电渗析进行电反萃，回收金属离子，油相萃取剂可反复利用。

DEHPA在Petrofin中萃取分离La(Ⅲ)和Ni(Ⅱ)的动力学与机理（英文）

采用界面积恒定的连续搅拌萃取池,研究在乳酸存在条件下,以用Petrofin 稀释的二-2-乙基己基磷酸(DEHPA)作萃取剂从硝酸盐介质中萃取分离La(Ⅲ)与Ni(Ⅱ)的动力学。考察搅拌速度、界面积、pH 值、乳酸浓度、萃取剂浓度、金属离子浓度和温度对萃取速率的影响。结果表明,该萃取体系是受扩散控制的,界面反应为速率控制步骤。两种金属离子的萃取速率均与pH 值无关。La(Ⅲ)和Ni(Ⅱ)的萃取速率与乳酸浓度和金属离子(La(Ⅲ)或Ni(Ⅱ))浓度呈线性关系。La(Ⅲ)的萃取速率与DEHPA 浓度呈线性关系,而Ni(Ⅱ)的萃取速率则与DEHPA 浓度的1.5 次方呈线性关系。在低界面积和低搅拌速度的条件下,从硝酸盐溶液中分离La(Ⅲ)和Ni(Ⅱ)是可行的。

吉林红旗岭晚三叠世镁铁超镁铁质侵入体矿物化学和岩石地球化学特征:对镍铜成矿的启示

吉林红旗岭镁铁超镁铁质侵入岩群位于中亚造山带东段南缘,由3个北西向岩带(I、II、III)组成,包括30多个小岩株,其中I-岩带的部分岩体伴有铜镍矿化,并且其1和7号岩体分别形成了中型和大型岩浆铜镍硫化物型矿床。矿床主要容矿岩石为辉橄岩、橄辉岩、斜方辉石岩、二辉石岩、苏长岩和辉长岩。主量元素方面,红旗岭岩群具有富镁(w(MgO)=20.7%~31.1%)、低钛(w(TiO_(2))=0.33%~0.79%)、低碱(w(K 2 O+Na 2 O)=0.60%~2.29%)和硅(w(SiO_(2))=40.0%~53.0%)变化范围大的特征;微量元素方面,红旗岭岩群呈现弱富集LREE和LILE(Th)以及亏损HREE和HFSE(Nb-Ta-Ti)。岩相学、地球化学和矿物(橄榄石、斜方辉石、单斜辉石、尖晶石、斜长石和角闪石)主微量元素特征表明,红旗岭岩群明显不同于洋岛型玄武岩、阿拉斯加型环状杂岩和科马提岩,但与岛弧玄武岩以及中亚造山带西段的“黄山西”和“黄山东”铜镍硫化物矿床的容矿超镁铁质岩相似,其母岩浆是一种富Mg、亏损Nb-Ta的岛弧拉斑玄武质熔体,形成于晚三叠世古亚洲洋闭合后伸展环境,演化过程中经历了地壳混染和分离结晶作用,含矿母岩浆可能经历了硫化物的“二次熔离”,最终形成了铂族元素(PGE)亏损型岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床。

A dual-regulation strategy of B/N codoped CNT-encapsulated Ni nanoparticles as a catalytic host and separator coating promises high-performance Li-S batteries

A dual-regulation strategy of adopting B/N codoped carbon nanotube-encapsulated nickel nanoparticles(Ni@BNCNT) as a sulfur host and separator coating is proposed for high-performance Li-S batteries. On the cathode side, the 3D conductive network structure of Ni@BNCNT is favorable for high sulfur utilization, and the collaboration between polar metal Ni nanoparticles(NPs) and doped B/N elements facilitates the chemical adsorption of Li polysulfides(Li PSs). In addition, these metal Ni NPs exhibit a satisfactory catalytic effect on the polysulfide conversion. Moreover, using the Ni@BNCNT interlayer can further capture the soluble Li PSs, make them convert quickly, and prevent them from diffusing toward the anode side. The Li-S batteries simultaneously equipped with a S/Ni@BNCNT cathode and Ni@BNCNT interlayer show high reversible capacity and good cycle stability. Additionally, even at a sulfur loading of 3.5 mg cm;and an electrolyte/sulfur ratio of 3 μL mg;, excellent battery performance can be achieved. We believe that this work offers a new strategy based on combining a catalytic host and separator coating to construct high-efficiency Li-S batteries.

硫化物熔离对岩浆硫化物含矿岩体中橄榄石Ni含量的影响--以金川岩体为例

为探讨硫化物熔离对含矿岩体中橄榄石Ni含量的影响,在前人橄榄石结晶硫化物熔离模型的基础上,定量模似计算了分离结晶过程中橄榄石Ni含量,并将其应用于金川橄榄石成因研究。研究表明,部分橄榄石落于无硫化物熔离橄榄石结晶趋势线下方,暗示其母岩浆为S饱和。根据模拟计算S饱和母岩浆橄榄石分离结晶趋势线,指出金川深部岩浆房中母岩浆橄榄石的分离结晶程度小于或等于3%,而由橄榄石结晶所导致熔离的硫化物熔体与橄榄石之间质量比约为4 0。

隔膜对 MH-Ni 电池放电容量和循环寿命的影响

研究了采用尼龙纤维和聚丙烯纤维混抄制备隔膜对ＭＨ－Ｎｉ电池放电容量和循环寿命的影响。结果表明：新研制隔膜的吸碱率和面电阻得到较大改善，在经历５０次循环后，隔膜中的电解液量多于其它隔膜，说明此种隔膜的保液性能较优，因而采用新研制隔膜制备的ＭＨ－Ｎｉ电池其放电容量和循环寿命明显提高。

NaFeS_(2)强化褐铁矿型红土镍矿固态还原富集镍钴的研究

以NaFeS_(2)为添加剂,研究了NaFeS_(2)用量对红土镍矿固态还原-磁选富集镍、钴及红土镍矿还原行为的影响。结果表明,随着NaFeS_(2)添加量增加,还原过程红土镍矿的软熔特性温度相应降低,还原所得Ni-Co-Fe合金颗粒随之增大;添加10%NaFeS_(2)时,镍、钴的富集和回收效果好,红土镍矿经压团于1100℃还原60 min,再经磨矿-磁选可获得Ni、Co、Fe品位分别为7.89%、0.66%、74.01%,Ni、Co、Fe回收率分别为97.13%、86.78%、35.81%的优质镍钴铁粉产品。

磁种凝聚-磁分离技术处理含Ni^(2+)电镀废水的研究

应用磁种凝聚 磁分离技术处理Ni2 + 电镀废水。首先进行了磁种凝聚的试验 ,研究了pH、磁种、聚丙烯酰胺对Ni(OH) 2 沉淀物与磁种凝聚成“磁性矾花”过程的影响。其次进行了从废水中脱除磁性矾花的磁分离试验 ,考查了磁分离器的磁场强度对磁分离过程的影响。试验结果表明 ,经这种方法处理后 ,废水中Ni2 + 的去除率达到 99%以上 ,出水中Ni2 + 浓度为 0 4 2mg L ,而且Ni2 + 可以回收 。

^(62)Ni同位素的分离制备

微型核电池是目前航天器仪器、设备理想的电源。63Ni是镍电池的核心工作物质。通过在反应堆中辐照高丰度的稳定同位素62Ni,能产生放射性同位素63Ni。为保证62Ni的丰度达到要求,本文开展了62Ni同位素的分离制备研究,进行了磁场及束流输运计算,对离子源及接收器口袋进行了改进设计,制定了电磁分离法分离高丰度62Ni的工艺流程。利用现有的电磁同位素分离器,开展了用电磁分离法分离高丰度、高纯度62Ni稳定同位素的实验,最终获得了丰度≥90%的62Ni同位素。

高压Ni-H2电池用氧化锆纤维布性能研究

氢镍电池对其隔膜的强度、抗氧化能力、化学稳定性、尺寸稳定性、碱液保持能力具有很高的要求,氧化锆纤维布可以在多个方面满足其性能要求。各种理化性能指标可以作为隔膜性能的参考,而电池性能测试是最有效的考查隔膜性能的方法。本文对两种氧化锆纤维布与美国的ZYK-15H的理化性能和电性能测试结果进行了对比,三者性能差异不明显。