To achieve high crop yieldin agriculture, the production of plantlets of superior quality is one of thebasic prerequisites. For conilon coffee, the current recommendation in theproduction of clonal plantlets through v...To achieve high crop yieldin agriculture, the production of plantlets of superior quality is one of thebasic prerequisites. For conilon coffee, the current recommendation in theproduction of clonal plantlets through vegetative propagation is to usediagonal cuttings, in bevel form. However, there are indications that othertypes of cutting have been successfully used to produce plantlets. In thiscontext, this experiment was conducted with the objective of studying thedevelopment of plantlets of conilon coffee obtained by different types ofcuttings. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. The cuttings wereobtained from the middle portion of orthotropic stems of standardized plants.The experiment followed a split plot in time design, with three types ofcuttings (bevel, sharp bevel and straight) and two times of evaluation, withfour repetitions. At 30 and 120 days after planting, plantlets were collectedand evaluated. The results show the increase occurred in the variables due tothe straight cut when compared to the others, except for stem diameter.Emphasizing in this context, the straight cut promoted an increase in seedlingheight, production of biomass and in the Dickson’s quality index when comparedto cuttings in bevel and sharp bevel.展开更多
Cellular growth dynamics and allelopathic activity in coffee cell cultures were examined as follows: First, we compared allelopathic activity of seven woody plant calli, Coffea canephora, Derris indica, Ficus carica L...Cellular growth dynamics and allelopathic activity in coffee cell cultures were examined as follows: First, we compared allelopathic activity of seven woody plant calli, Coffea canephora, Derris indica, Ficus carica L., Juniperus conferta, Prunus persica, Punica granatum, and Sonneratia ovata, using a modified “sandwich method bioassay” and found that coffee callus showed the strongest growth inhibition to lettuce seedling nearly 90% of hypocotyl and 96% of root. This coffee callus actively proliferated, with a 21-fold increase during five weeks of subculture, with a growth curve comprising two typical phases: a lag phase of 0 - 2 weeks of culture and an exponential phase of 3 - 5 weeks of culture. Allelopathic activity varied depending on the growth phase of the coffee callus. The strongest allelopathic activity was detected in 1 - 2-week-old callus showing nearly 100% inhibitory effect on lettuce seedling growth. As the allelopathic activity of coffee calli is extremely high, beyond the natural level in coffee leaves and green beans, we focused on analyzing the allelopathic activity of its aqueous extracts using high-performance liquid chromatography. Several prominent peaks, including two reference alkaloids, theobromine and caffeine, which are known allelochemicals in coffee plants, and three distinct unknown peaks were identified at 270 nm in coffee calli during the lag phase (1 - 2 weeks of culture). The higher value of the total phenolic content in the lag phase also suggested a key biosynthetic pathway in relation to the allelopathic activity of coffee callus will be activated in the lag phase.展开更多
研究了胡椒(Pipernigrum Linnaeus)和中粒种咖啡(Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner)种子在常温自然贮藏条件的萌发特性。结果表明,刚采收的胡椒种子和中粒种咖啡种子的含水量、发芽率、活力指数分别为29.32%和46.11%、88%和92.0%、1...研究了胡椒(Pipernigrum Linnaeus)和中粒种咖啡(Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner)种子在常温自然贮藏条件的萌发特性。结果表明,刚采收的胡椒种子和中粒种咖啡种子的含水量、发芽率、活力指数分别为29.32%和46.11%、88%和92.0%、1.46和5.57。自然贮藏20d,干燥脱水对胡椒种子的伤害较轻微,种子发芽率和活力指数仍高达82.7%和1.03;之后,由于严重脱水,种子发芽率和活力指数迅速下降;自然贮藏60d,种子含水量下降到10.91%时,完全丧失发芽力。自然贮藏30d,干燥脱水对中粒种咖啡种子的伤害较轻微,种子发芽率和活力指数仍高达80.5%和4.10;之后由于严重脱水,种子发芽率和活力指数急剧下降;自然贮藏90d,种子含水量下降到9.81%时,种子几乎完全丧失发芽力。由此认为,胡椒和中粒种咖啡是一种中间性种子,过度脱水使质膜结构和功能严重受损,最终导致种子活力的丧失。因此,在播种时,采用常温自然贮藏不超过20d的胡椒种子及贮藏不超过30d的中粒种咖啡种子为佳。展开更多
Coffee is one of the world most traded agricultural commodities. Currently, a lot of attention has been on Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner) because it seems to evidence a greater tolerance to ex...Coffee is one of the world most traded agricultural commodities. Currently, a lot of attention has been on Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner) because it seems to evidence a greater tolerance to extreme climatic events than Arabica coffee (C. arabica L.). Despite this, only a few works have been developed aimed at discriminating the climatic vulnerability in regions which prioritize robust coffee production. The aim of this work was to analyze historical climatic variables in space and time for the characterization of climatic vulnerability of micro-regions, in search of mitigation and adaptation, which might support the improvement of production systems of C. canephora coffee trees. The case study was carried out for one of the largest production regions of Robusta coffee of the world, in Brazil, geographically located between the 39°38' and 41°50' West longitude meridians and the 17°52' and 21°19' South latitude parallels. The vulnerability was characterized by the spatial and temporal variation of rainfall and rainfall seasonal pattern (based on 30 years of historical data), elements of climatic water balance, elevation and area planted with Robusta coffee. The choice of mitigation and adaptation were based on widely validated criteria. Overall, the results show that the vulnerability of Robusta coffee is related to low index of rainfall, the rainfall seasonability and the water deficiency. In the studied region, there is approximately 42% of some type of water vulnerability during the year, with a severe to medium scale;this vulnerability is very pronounced in regions farther away from the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, since for a year approximately 92% of them are water deficient. In addition, the data show that this distance from the ocean implies a reduction of 75% in the phases of water surplus not only. The strategies of greater potential for adaptation and mitigation are related to the planting of improved genotypes, utilization of polycultures systems, increasing plant density, the implementation of irrigation systems and the management of spontaneous plants.展开更多
The coffee seeds are problematic for the physiologycal quality, featuring low speed of seedling emergence. In this sense, this work was developed with the objective of evaluating the effect of sodium hypochlorite in t...The coffee seeds are problematic for the physiologycal quality, featuring low speed of seedling emergence. In this sense, this work was developed with the objective of evaluating the effect of sodium hypochlorite in the removal of the parchment and in the emergence and seedlings development of conilon coffee in nursery conditions. Coffee seeds of the variety Victoria were used, which were harvested in the cherry stage and pulped by hand. Seeds were dried in an oven with forced ventilation until reaching moisture contents of 35%, 30% and 25% wet basis. Then, the seeds with parchment were soaked in a sodium hypochlorite solution with concentrations of 4%, 5%, 6% and 7% active chlorine for 3 and 6 hours. For each moisture content, two additional treatments were added consisting of seeds with parchment and seeds in which the structure was removed manually. The characteristics evaluated were: emergence speed index, total emergence, dry mass of the shoots and root system. Utilization of sodium hypochlorite promoted an acceleration in seedling emergence speed similar to the method for manual removal of the parchment when using concentrations of 4%, 5%, 6% and 7% for 3 hours, at all moisture contents.展开更多
文摘To achieve high crop yieldin agriculture, the production of plantlets of superior quality is one of thebasic prerequisites. For conilon coffee, the current recommendation in theproduction of clonal plantlets through vegetative propagation is to usediagonal cuttings, in bevel form. However, there are indications that othertypes of cutting have been successfully used to produce plantlets. In thiscontext, this experiment was conducted with the objective of studying thedevelopment of plantlets of conilon coffee obtained by different types ofcuttings. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. The cuttings wereobtained from the middle portion of orthotropic stems of standardized plants.The experiment followed a split plot in time design, with three types ofcuttings (bevel, sharp bevel and straight) and two times of evaluation, withfour repetitions. At 30 and 120 days after planting, plantlets were collectedand evaluated. The results show the increase occurred in the variables due tothe straight cut when compared to the others, except for stem diameter.Emphasizing in this context, the straight cut promoted an increase in seedlingheight, production of biomass and in the Dickson’s quality index when comparedto cuttings in bevel and sharp bevel.
文摘Cellular growth dynamics and allelopathic activity in coffee cell cultures were examined as follows: First, we compared allelopathic activity of seven woody plant calli, Coffea canephora, Derris indica, Ficus carica L., Juniperus conferta, Prunus persica, Punica granatum, and Sonneratia ovata, using a modified “sandwich method bioassay” and found that coffee callus showed the strongest growth inhibition to lettuce seedling nearly 90% of hypocotyl and 96% of root. This coffee callus actively proliferated, with a 21-fold increase during five weeks of subculture, with a growth curve comprising two typical phases: a lag phase of 0 - 2 weeks of culture and an exponential phase of 3 - 5 weeks of culture. Allelopathic activity varied depending on the growth phase of the coffee callus. The strongest allelopathic activity was detected in 1 - 2-week-old callus showing nearly 100% inhibitory effect on lettuce seedling growth. As the allelopathic activity of coffee calli is extremely high, beyond the natural level in coffee leaves and green beans, we focused on analyzing the allelopathic activity of its aqueous extracts using high-performance liquid chromatography. Several prominent peaks, including two reference alkaloids, theobromine and caffeine, which are known allelochemicals in coffee plants, and three distinct unknown peaks were identified at 270 nm in coffee calli during the lag phase (1 - 2 weeks of culture). The higher value of the total phenolic content in the lag phase also suggested a key biosynthetic pathway in relation to the allelopathic activity of coffee callus will be activated in the lag phase.
文摘研究了胡椒(Pipernigrum Linnaeus)和中粒种咖啡(Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner)种子在常温自然贮藏条件的萌发特性。结果表明,刚采收的胡椒种子和中粒种咖啡种子的含水量、发芽率、活力指数分别为29.32%和46.11%、88%和92.0%、1.46和5.57。自然贮藏20d,干燥脱水对胡椒种子的伤害较轻微,种子发芽率和活力指数仍高达82.7%和1.03;之后,由于严重脱水,种子发芽率和活力指数迅速下降;自然贮藏60d,种子含水量下降到10.91%时,完全丧失发芽力。自然贮藏30d,干燥脱水对中粒种咖啡种子的伤害较轻微,种子发芽率和活力指数仍高达80.5%和4.10;之后由于严重脱水,种子发芽率和活力指数急剧下降;自然贮藏90d,种子含水量下降到9.81%时,种子几乎完全丧失发芽力。由此认为,胡椒和中粒种咖啡是一种中间性种子,过度脱水使质膜结构和功能严重受损,最终导致种子活力的丧失。因此,在播种时,采用常温自然贮藏不超过20d的胡椒种子及贮藏不超过30d的中粒种咖啡种子为佳。
基金supported by the Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo,by the Portuguese national funds through Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia,under the scope of the project PTDC/AGR-PRO/3386/2012(JCR)as well through the grants from CNPq(LDM,ARS and MAT),CAPES(LDM in PDSE/12226/12-2)FAPES(FCE,WNR and LDM-under the scope of the project FAPES/CNPq No.012/2014-DCR-No.71444289/15).
文摘Coffee is one of the world most traded agricultural commodities. Currently, a lot of attention has been on Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner) because it seems to evidence a greater tolerance to extreme climatic events than Arabica coffee (C. arabica L.). Despite this, only a few works have been developed aimed at discriminating the climatic vulnerability in regions which prioritize robust coffee production. The aim of this work was to analyze historical climatic variables in space and time for the characterization of climatic vulnerability of micro-regions, in search of mitigation and adaptation, which might support the improvement of production systems of C. canephora coffee trees. The case study was carried out for one of the largest production regions of Robusta coffee of the world, in Brazil, geographically located between the 39°38' and 41°50' West longitude meridians and the 17°52' and 21°19' South latitude parallels. The vulnerability was characterized by the spatial and temporal variation of rainfall and rainfall seasonal pattern (based on 30 years of historical data), elements of climatic water balance, elevation and area planted with Robusta coffee. The choice of mitigation and adaptation were based on widely validated criteria. Overall, the results show that the vulnerability of Robusta coffee is related to low index of rainfall, the rainfall seasonability and the water deficiency. In the studied region, there is approximately 42% of some type of water vulnerability during the year, with a severe to medium scale;this vulnerability is very pronounced in regions farther away from the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, since for a year approximately 92% of them are water deficient. In addition, the data show that this distance from the ocean implies a reduction of 75% in the phases of water surplus not only. The strategies of greater potential for adaptation and mitigation are related to the planting of improved genotypes, utilization of polycultures systems, increasing plant density, the implementation of irrigation systems and the management of spontaneous plants.
基金To the UENF for the scholarshipand to the CNPq and FAPEMIG for their financial support.
文摘The coffee seeds are problematic for the physiologycal quality, featuring low speed of seedling emergence. In this sense, this work was developed with the objective of evaluating the effect of sodium hypochlorite in the removal of the parchment and in the emergence and seedlings development of conilon coffee in nursery conditions. Coffee seeds of the variety Victoria were used, which were harvested in the cherry stage and pulped by hand. Seeds were dried in an oven with forced ventilation until reaching moisture contents of 35%, 30% and 25% wet basis. Then, the seeds with parchment were soaked in a sodium hypochlorite solution with concentrations of 4%, 5%, 6% and 7% active chlorine for 3 and 6 hours. For each moisture content, two additional treatments were added consisting of seeds with parchment and seeds in which the structure was removed manually. The characteristics evaluated were: emergence speed index, total emergence, dry mass of the shoots and root system. Utilization of sodium hypochlorite promoted an acceleration in seedling emergence speed similar to the method for manual removal of the parchment when using concentrations of 4%, 5%, 6% and 7% for 3 hours, at all moisture contents.