Chlorogenic acid complex(CGA7),standardized extract from green coffee beans exerts anticancer effects against cultured human colon cancer HCT-116 cells

Coffee is commonly consumed beverage in the world and it has been suggested to have beneficial effect.Chlorogenic acids(CGAs)are main ingredient of coffee beans which has been extensively used in nutraceuticals and medicine.Recently,various therapeutic effects of chlorogenic acids have been investigated.However,there are limited studies to investigate its anticancer properties.In the present study,we have used chlorogenic acid complex(CGA7)a decaffeinated water soluble green coffee bean extract to evaluate its cytotoxic effect on human and mouse cancer cell lines by using different approaches.From our results we found CGA7 treatment induces cell death in a dose and time dependent manner in different cancer cell lines.Further,CGA7 induced apoptosis was characterized by DNA fragmentation,PARP-1 cleavage,caspase-9 activation,and down regulation of Bcl-2,an anti-apoptotic protein and up regulation of pro-apoptotic protein BAX.Overall findings indicated that CGA7 complex a potent anticancer molecule found in green coffee beans could be a safe bioactive ingredient for prevention of cancer.

Characterization of New Ent-kaurane Diterpenoids of Yunnan Arabica Coffee Beans

Five new ent-kaurane diterpenoids,named mascaroside Ⅲ–Ⅴ(1–3),and 20-nor-cofaryloside Ⅰ–Ⅱ(4–5),together with seven known diterpenoids,were isolated from methanol extracts of the green coffee beans of Yunnan Arabica Coffee.Their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses.Meanwhile,cytotoxicity assay against HL-60,A-549,SMMC-7721,MCF-7 and SW480 cell lines showed that they have not evident inhibition of cytotoxicity.

“Keyboard sign”and“coffee bean sign”in the prenatal diagnosis of ileal atresia:A case report

BACKGROUND Ileal atresia is a congenital abnormality where there is significant stenosis or complete absence of a portion of the ileum.The overall diagnostic accuracy of prenatal ultrasound in detecting jejunal and ileal atresia is low.We report a case of ileal atresia diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound examination with the“keyboard sign”and“coffee bean sign”.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of ileal atresia diagnosed in utero at 31 weeks'of gestation.Prenatal ultrasound examination revealed two rows of intestines arranged in an‘S’shape in the middle abdomen.The inner diameters were 1.7 cm and 1.6 cm,respectively.A typical“keyboard sign”was observed.The intestine canal behind the“keyboard sign”showed an irregular strong echo.There was no normal intestinal wall structure,showing a typical“coffee bean sign”.Termination of the pregnancy and autopsy findings confirmed the diagnosis.CONCLUSION The prenatal diagnosis of ileal atresia is difficult.The sonographic features of the“keyboard sign”and“coffee bean sign”are helpful in diagnosing the location of congenital jejunal and ileal atresia.

Evaluation of the physiochemical and metabolite of different region coffee beans by using UHPLC-QE-MS untargeted-metabonomics approaches

Coffee is one of the most important agricultural commodities and has the unique organoleptic characteristics such as strong but not bitter taste,fragrant,oily,and fruity.In this study,an untargeted metabolomics approach based on UHPLC-QE-MS was used to investigate the differences in terms of components of precursor metabolites in coffee beans from 18 producing regions worldwide.Fingerprint analysis,principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis revealed a neat separation among coffee beans.Compounds with high relevance to variance in the projection values in supervised multivariate analysis were selected as important metabolites for the discrimination of coffee samples.In total,10 different families of compounds were considered as potential markers of the coffee beans:3-hydroxycoumarin,4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic,cryptochlorogenic acid,palmitic amide,linoleamide,arachidic acid,petroselinic acid,trehalose,L-glutamic acid,L-malic acid.The findings presented herein serve as a suitable framework for the design of novel discrimination strategies in food origin tracing.

Effect of processing on bioaccessibility and bioavailability of bioactive compounds in coffee beans

Coffee is one of the most prevalent and functional beverages around world owing to its rich content of bioactive compounds.Phenolic compounds and alkaloids are two primary groups of bioactive compounds in coffee beans,which have been proven healthy benefits in regular and suitable daily consumption.They have been recognized as protective factors,especially phenolic compounds,to perform high antioxidant capacities and potential to relieve the occurrence of chronic diseases and partial cancer.The content and composition of bioactive and anti-nutritional compounds in coffee beans can be mainly influenced by variety,processing and storage conditions.The cultivar of Arabica coffee beans(C.arabica)exhibits lower content of phenolic compounds but similar anti-nutritional substances with the comparison to Robusta(C.canephora).Comparing to green coffee beans,reasonable roasting contributes to the improvement of phenolic content and its total antioxidant activity because of the liberation of bound phenolic compounds and the generation of novel compounds with antioxidant activity.Over intensive roasting will not only decrease the number of bioactive compounds within the coffee beans but also stimulate the generation of endogenous anti-nutritional compounds,which consequently reduce the coffee nutritional value.The fluctuations of moisture content during storage would be the primary reason of the changes in the content of bioactive compounds.Phenolic compounds in coffee beans perform outstanding bioaccessibility but relatively lower absorption efficiency because of the combination with other molecules.Suitable roasting would improve the bioavailability of bioactive compounds.The interaction between phenolic compounds and proteins would also influence the bioavailability and bioactivity of bioactive compounds and final nutritional value after consumption.

Coffee Orchard Response to Enhanced Efficiency Phosphate Fertilizer

Phosphorus (P) plays a crucial role in plant growth by aiding in the development of strong roots, promoting flower and fruit formation, and aiding in photosynthesis. Studies to improve P fertilizers efficiency in coffee orchards are necessary due to the need for better efficiency and the lack of information on enhanced efficiency P fertilizers. This study aimed to investigate the effect of MAP coated with anionic polymers (Policote) on coffee orchard development. A coffee trial was carried out in a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments, applied at coffee planting, were arranged in an incomplete factorial (2 × 4) + 1, using two P sources (MAP and Policote coated MAP), four P rates (40, 80, 120, and 160 g P2O5 plant-1) and control (without application of P fertilizer). Plant height was evaluated in the 2016/2017, 2017/2018, and 2018/2019 seasons, while coffee bean maturation, yield, and agronomic P efficiency use were evaluated in the last two seasons. P fertilization did not affect coffee bean maturation and increased coffee yield in 31-month-old plants when differences among P sources and rates were observed. Using Policote-coated P fertilizer resulted in higher yields at the same P rate, as well as similar yields at a lower P rate, compared to conventional fertilizer. Policote-coated P fertilizer can be used as an enhanced efficiency fertilizer and is an efficient way to deliver required P to plants. The target for reducing farm investment, increasing agricultural profits, preserving phosphatic rock reserves, and avoiding the overuse of phosphate fertilizer could be realized through the rational use of enhanced efficiency fertilizers.

Intrauterine midgut volvulus without malrotation:Diagnosis from the 'coffee bean sign'

Fetal midgut volvulus is quite rare, and most cases are associated with abnormalities of intestinal rotation or fixation. We report a case of midgut volvulus without malrotation, associated with a meconium pellet, during the gestation period. This 2.79 kg, 33-wk infant was born via a spontaneous vaginal delivery caused by preterm labor. Prenatal ultrasound showed dilated bowel loops with the appearance of a 'coffee bean sign'. This patient had an unusual presentation with a distended abdomen showing skin discoloration. An emergency laparotomy revealed a midgut volvulus and a twisted small bowel, caused by complicated meconium ileus. Such nonspecific prenatal radiological signs and a low index of suspicion of a volvulus during gestation might delay appropriate surgical management and result in ischemic necrosis of the bowel. Preterm labor, specific prenatal sonographic findings (for example, the coffee bean sign) and bluish discoloration of the abdominal wall could suggest intrauterine midgut volvulus requiring prompt surgical intervention.

Green coffee bean hydroalcoholic extract accelerates wound healing in full-thickness wounds in rabbits

Background:Green coffee beans contain biochemical compounds including caffeine,chlorogenic acid,trigonelline,and diterpenoid alcohols.In traditional Iranian medicine,coffee bean powder is used for the treatment of wounds.Previous studies have shown that green coffee bean extract has a number of health benefits,including induction of weight loss,reduced blood pressure,and hepatoprotective and anti-Parkinson effects.The aim of this study was to investigate the wound-healing activity of green coffee bean extract on a full-thickness wound model.Methods:Full-thickness wounds of 20×20 mm were created on the back of New Zealand white rabbits.The animals were divided into 6 groups.Three concentrations of green coffee bean extract(5%,10%,and 15%w/w)in a eucerin base were applied over the wounds in 3 test groups.One percent phenytoin cream was used in one group as a positive control.The rabbits of negative control and vehicle groups received no treatment and eucerin,respectively.For the evaluation of green coffee bean extract’s wound-healing effects,measures included:(1)wound-closure rate,by daily measuring of the wound surface area and calculating the reduction in area;(2)period of epithelialization,the number of days until the scab dropped from the wound;(3)hydroxyproline content,measured by a hydroxyproline assay kit;(4)lipid peroxidation,measured by a lipid peroxidation assay kit;and(5)histopathological state(hematoxylin-eosin stain)of wound-tissue samples on days 7 and 14 post-wounding.Results:The results of this study showed significantly enhanced wound-closure rate,shorter period of epithelialization(P<0.01),increased hydroxyproline content(P<0.001)and suppressed lipid peroxidation(P<0.001 on day 14)of wounds on animals treated with the 10%green coffee bean extract compared to the negative control and eucerin-treated groups.Moreover,the therapeutic effects of 10%green coffee bean were significantly superior than those of phenytoin on enhancing wound-closure rate,decreasing period of epithelialization(P<0.05),increasing hydroxyproline content(P<0.001 on day 7 and P<0.0001 on day 14)and suppressing lipid peroxidation(P<0.0001 on day 14).In addition,histopathological study supported the wound healing activity of green coffee bean extract.Conclusion:Our results showed that green coffee bean extract has a potential for promoting wound healing,thus supporting its traditional use for this purpose.

Damage of Coffee Bean Weevil (Araecerus fasciculatus De Geer) on Its New Host Jatropha curcas L.

[ Objective] Coffee bean weevil （Araecerusfasciculatus De Geer） is a worldwide important pest in storehouse, which distributes in tropical and subtropi- cal region, having overlapping ecological zone with the important biofuel plant Jatropha curcas L.. The paper was to investigate the damage of coffee bean weevil on J. curcas. [Method] Taking planting area in Luodian County of Guizhou Province as the investigation point, the forest stand of J. curcas in field and the indoor stored fruits were investigated, and the occurrence condition and damage consequence of the pest were grasped. Furthermore, the taxonomic status of the pest was also confirmed. [ Result] Coffee bean weevil had common distribution in planting area of J. curcas in Luodian, which was found to cause damage beth in field and indoor condition. The adults of coffee bean weevil fed on fungi with little direct damage on the fruit of J. curcas. However, the adults of the post laid their eggs in- side the peel of fruit, and the larvae hatched and fed inside the peel, resulting in the collapse of the peels, thus causing direct damage on the fruit. In addition, coffee bean weevil might have series of potential damages including direct feeding on seeds, spreading diseases, and posing damage on other economic crops in pro- duction area, etc.. [ Conclusion] J. curcas was an important new host for coffee bean weevil. The pest had certain damage on the plant, which also had potential damage on plant products and other economic crops. The research and control efforts on coffee bean weevil should be strengthened.