The Application of Embodied Cognitive Linguistics in the English Translation of Two-Part Allegorical Saying—An Analysis of Examples From A Dream of Red Mansions

As a kind of widely circulated folk language,two-part allegorical saying(“xiehouyu”)carries the wisdom of the Chinese people and is characterized with humor and vivid imagery.Taking the two English translation versions of A Dream of Red Mansions as examples,this paper analyzes the English translation of two-part allegorical saying based on the core principle of Embodied Cognitive Linguistics(ECL),“Reality-Cognition-Language”,and explores how the English translation of two-part allegorical saying reflects the three dimensions of ECL.

A Cognitive Linguistic Analysis of Verb-to-Noun Conversion in English

Conversion can be defined as a special kind of derivation that links two different word classes without morphological change of a word itself.Previous studies have proved that noun-to-verb conversion can be viewed as an instance of metonymy.This study has analyzed verb-to-noun conversion by means of metonymy and ICMs,so as to find out the cognitive mechanism behind this linguistic phenomenon.Also,this paper discusses the semantic and cognitive factors which can affect verb-to-noun conversion.

The Cognitive Linguistic View on the English Translations of Metaphors in“Rainy Alley”

The English translation of modern and contemporary Chinese poetry can help“Chinese culture go abroad”,which has far-reaching influence on the culture communication.Therefore,the accurate understanding of the metaphors in poetry is extremely necessary.This paper takes Dai Wangshu’s poem“Rainy Alley”and its English translations as the research subjects,and explores the different understandings of metaphors in Chinese and Western cultures from the perspective of cognitive linguistic.This paper finds out that the translation of metaphors in poetry should always base on the“emotion”so as to accurately translate the poetry.

A Study on If-conditionals in English from a Perspective of Cognitive Linguistics

As an important form to express inference and reasoning,if-conditional has occupied a significant position in linguistic research.Traditional studies investigate the issue in virtue of categorization,cognitive semantics and comparative analysis,etc.So far few researches have concerned meaning construction of if-conditionals from a perspective of cognitive linguistics.Based on the mental space theory,it is found that two mental spaces are set up in discourse,a base space representing if-clause and main clause represented by an expansion space.When elements in spaces are respectively projected in a mapping relation,the meaning is constructed by blending.This paper aims to provide a full interpretation for meaning construction by establishment of mental spaces and mapping between them,and also the analysis of subjectification pattern of if-conditionals,providing reference for future studies of the issue.

A Study on the Metaphorical Translation of Pound’s Book of Songs from the Perspective of Cognitive Linguistics

The Book of Songs is the first collection of Poems in China,which is a very important milestone in the history of Chinese literature.There are abundant metaphorical expressions in The Book of Songs,providing valuable resources for linguistics,rhetoric and literature research.This study selects the most representative metaphors of women and marriage in The Book of Songs as the research object.Guided by Lakoff and Johnson’s conceptual metaphor theory,this study explores the metaphorical translation in Pound’s Book of Songs from the perspective of cognitive effect.It is found that Pound mainly adopts the translation strategies of vehicle equivalence,vehicle conversion and metaphor to simile in the process of translating female metaphors and marriage metaphors in The Book of Songs.

A Cognitive Linguistic Analysis of English Existential Sentences

Due to the particularity of structure and the universality of use,English existential sentences have always been one of the topics concerned by linguists.Within the framework of cognitive linguistics,this paper uses a variety of theoretical perspectives(iconicity principle;grammaticalization;Prototype Category Theory)to make a multi-dimensional analysis of English existential sentences,including the generation,development and meaning expansion of English existential sentences.Cognitive linguistics contributes to the deepening of the study of English existential sentences,and the focus of the study shifts from the surface level to the deeper level.

An Overview of Main Theories in Cognitive Linguistics

Cognitive linguistics is an emerging language discipline that studies language based on new philosophical and cognitive views and people's experience of the world and the perception and conceptualization of the world.This paper mainly introduces main theories of Cognitive Linguistics that aims to provide some reference for language beginners and help them to fully understand Cognitive Linguistics.

The 5C Model of Linguistic Creativity: Construction Grammar as a Cognitive Theory of Verbal Creativity

Creativity is a design feature of human language.This paper presents a cognitive model of verbal creativity that draws on insights from the psychological research into creativity-particularly Glaveanu's 5A model that distinguishes five crucial perspectives on a creative act(actors,audience,artefacts,actions and affordances).The paper will outline a linguistic version of this model that adopts Construction Grammar as its theoretical foundation.The resulting"5C model of constructional creativity"argues that the central elements of linguistic creativity are constructors,co-constructors,constructs,constructional blending and the constructional network.

A Comparative Study on Metaphor,Metonymy and Synecdoche:A Cognitive Perspective

The traditional approach studies metaphor, metonymy and synecdoche as individual linguistic expressions or rhetoric devices, which seems a little difficult to distinguish them from each other clearly. The cognitive linguistic view provides new perspectives and proofs for the study of them. According to cognitive linguists, they are a common cognitive phenomenon of human beings, far from being a mere matter of ornament to language. The article aims at pointing out the differences among them from a cognitive perspective. The comparison of them from a cognitive linguistic view can help the learners to master them more easily.

Cognitive Study of the Linear Order of the English Construction“X and Y”

The English construction “X and Y ”refers to the coordination of two words with and as conjunction, X and Y being of the same part of speech and parallel meanings. This paper is a cognitive study of the linear order of the English construction “X and Y ”from the perspectives of cognitive salience, cognitive iconicity, and cognition of formal rules. The linear characteristics of “X and Y ” are revealed as follows： 1）salience-downgrading order; 2） chronological iconicity;3） cognition of alphabetic order and prosodic order.

Embodied Emotion--Turn from Traditional to PostCognitive Perspectives

This literature review on the research of embodied emotion addresses the aspects of the concepts of embodied emotion, the various theories or theses on the embodied emotion abroad and at home, some comments based on the literature are elicited and the discussions about the future research topics on embodied emotion are proposed.

A Study of English Neologisms in 2015 Based on the Prototype Category Theory

With the development of science and technology, large quantities of neologisms are created. Neologisms are the result of people's conceptualization of new things based on their life experiences. Cognitive linguistics views that categorization of organisms and concrete objects are based on the prototype category. This paper takes 167 English Neologisms from Wordspy in2015 as the data for analysis and finds that these English Neologisms are characterized by family resemblances, degree of membership in category and boundary fuzziness from the view of prototype category theory. This study also has some implications for the research of English language teaching and learning.

On Iconicity in Chinese

Iconicity principle provides a new framework for linguists to reexamine the relationship between the signifier and the signified.Apart from arbitrariness,iconicity principle also turns out to be true to some extent between form and meaning of linguistic symbols.This paper elaborates the iconicity principle in Chinese—mainly the sequencing iconicity,quantitative iconicity,symmetric iconicity,and asymmetric iconicity.

A Study of English Ditransitive Construction and Its Enlightments on SLA

English ditransitive construction is a significant component of Goldberg's construction grammar which is based on cognitive linguistics. It aims to enlighten teachers and learners of SLA. It presents backgrounds and the basic concepts of Goldberg's construction grammar, depicts what English ditransitive construction is and its semantic constraints, and refers to enlightments of English ditransitive construction on SLA from four perspectives.

Guest Editorial New and Interdisciplinary Approaches to Language and Cognition

This Special Section on Language and Cognition of Journal of Electronic Science and Technology（JEST） presents a collective of state-of-theart interdisciplinary research on language and cognition. It features empirical and theoretical studies on cognitive approaches to language, using a variety of methodological approaches, from behavioral measures to neuroimaging. The topics discussed are varied,ranging from language comprehension and acquisition to the language-emotion interactions, reflecting marked broadening of the research agenda in this field. We invite yet more integrated research to move the field forward.

Metaphor Interpretation and Cultural Linguistics

Metaphor use is characterised by conceptual variation that can be explained with reference to culture-specifi c discourse traditions.Cognitively oriented metaphor analyses that are interested in cultural relativity have so far concentrated mainly on the production side of metaphors and their misunderstanding by ESL learners.This study,by contrast,focuses on variation in metaphor interpretation across groups of ESL/EFL users from 31 cultural and linguistic backgrounds.Its data consist of a questionnaire survey,administered in 10 countries,which gave students the task of applying the metaphor of the"body politic"to one’s home nation.The results show systematic variation between four interpretation models for this metaphor,i.e.NATION AS GEOBODY,NATION AS FUNCTIONAL WHOLE,NATION AS PART OF SELF and NATION AS PART OF INTERNATIONAL/GLOBAL STRUCTURE,as well as some evidence of polemical and/or political elaboration.The two main versions,i.e.NATION AS GEOBODY and NATION AS FUNCTIONAL WHOLE,were represented across all cohorts but exhibited opposite frequency patterns across Chinese v.Western cohorts,with the former favouring GEOBODYbased,the latter functional interpretations.This fi nding provides evidence of culture-specifi c variation in metaphor interpretation(as well as in metaphor production),specifically with regard to the frequency and distribution patterns of source concepts.Metaphor interpretation analysis can thus contribute to a cognitive metaphor analysis in general and especially to the"cultural linguistics"approach to metaphor.