On A Collection of Cold Mountain’s Poems

Cold Mountain,whose date and name was unknown,obscured himself long in the Cuiping Mountain(also known as Cold Cave or Cold Mountain),and set up as Cold Mountain or Man of Cold Mountain.There have been a wide diversity of opinions about his age and all his born days.Principally,there are two centralized views:One holds that Cold Mountain was born in the early Tang Dynasty;the other holds that Cold Mountain was born in the middle period of the Tang Dynasty.The paper followed what had been expounded for further probes.

A Thematic Analysis of Cold Mountain——On W.P. Inman's Spiritual Pilgrimage

Cold Mountain is a physical and spiritual healing place,at the same time is Inman’s home and a refuge for his soul where he himself can retreat from the sufferings of the war.A redemptive journey to Cold Mounain which is fraught with physical and psychological hardships helps Inman to reconstruct the broken soul but Inman’s real redemption:an escape from a world where he has become so hopeless and meaningless can only obtain through death in the end.

“冷山不冷”:论查尔斯·弗雷泽《冷山》中的家园共同体

美国作家查尔斯·弗雷泽以《冷山》对美国南方阿巴拉契亚山区冷山住民的家园书写闻名遐迩,而“共同体”理论内涵则成为理解冷山这一家园本质的关键。该作以人物对“共同体”理念的感知与实践为主线,真切描绘出一幅鲜活的家园共同体图景。在弗雷泽刻画的冷山家园中,有八口之家的“跨种族共同体”形塑,有作为姐妹情谊的“女性共同体”责任彰显,还有基于全球意识的“区域共同体”愿景表达,三者共同铸就了冷山中美好的家园共同体生活。《冷山》围绕美国南方冷山深处的家园生活展开叙述,探讨种族情谊、女性联结及区域生活等议题,表现出弗雷泽在21世纪对美国南方文学题材的再关注,以及对全球化时代喧嚣之下的家园生活的思考。

冬奥会复杂山地建筑能耗及碳排放研究

冬奥会延庆赛区山顶出发区、竞速结束区及冬奥村建筑均为永久建筑,在冬奥会结束后仍将保留利用。考虑到该类山地建筑所处极端寒冷气候,为保障建筑功能,需要明确未来能源需求及碳排放量,以便确定能源利用方案。以3类永久建筑为例,基于2019—2021年延庆区实际气象数据,利用能耗模拟软件,分析了其全年能耗水平及碳排放量。结果显示,2019—2021年冬奥村全年总能耗为1.3×10^(6)~1.4×10^(6)k W·h,集散广场全年总能耗为4.2×10^(5)~4.8×10^(5)k W·h,而山顶雪飞燕全年总能耗为2.8×10^(5)~2.9×10^(5)k W·h。冬奥村总能耗显著高于其他两类建筑,且整体能耗较大。2019—2021年冬奥村年度总碳排放量为7.9×10^(5)~8.5×10^(5)kg CO_(2),集散广场年度总碳排放量为2.5×10^(5)~2.9×10^(5)kg CO_(2),而雪飞燕年度总碳排放量为1.7×10^(5)~1.8×10^(5)kg CO_(2)。基于上述结果,建议冬奥村优先使用太阳能光伏、地源热泵等低碳清洁能源供能,降低整体碳排放水平。

大兴安岭寒温带森林演替过程中土壤碳氮磷含量及生态化学计量特征

通过研究森林演替过程中土壤碳氮磷含量的变化特征及其化学计量比,分析在0~200 cm土层中,不同演替阶段土壤有机碳氮磷含量的变化情况。选择黑龙江漠河森林生态系统国家级定位观测研究站森林演替过程中3个典型阶段的代表群落,即兴安落叶松林、落叶松-白桦混交林和白桦林为研究对象,分别对其碳氮磷含量分析。结果表明,在演替前期(白桦林)的土壤中,C含量范围为5.78~28.29 g/kg,N含量为0.243~1.232 g/kg,P含量为0.243~1.232 g/kg。演替中期(落叶松-白桦混交林)C含量为6.39~29.41g/kg,N含量为0.077~1.472 g/kg,P含量为0.41~1.374 g/kg。而在演替后期(兴安落叶松林)的土壤中,C含量范围为6.36~34.61g/kg,N含量范围为0.353~1.463 g/kg,P含量范围为0.353~1.463 g/kg。不同林型的土壤C、N、P化学计量比也存在差异。在0~90 cm土层中,前期的C∶N范围为4.15~11.13,后期为5.92~21.85,中期为5.58~23.24。在90~200 cm土层中,前期的C∶N范围为7.46~19.8,后期为4.56~13.09,中期为5.88~18.07。在50~200 cm土层中,前期的C∶P为4.02~9.11,后期为2.24~10.51,中期为3.32~10.76。在0~200 cm土层中,前期的N∶P范围为0.51~2.95,后期为0.28~1.61,中期为0.36~2.13。通过分析显示,森林演替过程中土壤碳氮磷含量及其化学计量比存在一定的变化规律,了解这些变化规律有助于更好地评估森林生态系统营养循环和土壤质量的变化,为森林管理和保护提供科学依据。

榆林山地苹果“七个一”抗寒抗旱栽培技术试验

榆林山地苹果绝大多数为“雨养农业”,为提升山地苹果标准化建园水平,缩短幼树待产周期,该试验以常规栽植为对照,研究“七个一”抗寒抗旱栽植技术对榆林山地苹果幼树栽植成活率、树体生长量及早果性的影响。结果表明,采用该技术,极大地提高了‘长富2’幼树栽植成活率,较常规栽植提高47.5%~51.1%;树体生长量显著增加,一年生‘长富2’株高、分枝数、干径、新梢长度分别较常规栽植增加57.35%~74.59%、110.0%~145.0%、60.00%~61.22%、90.02%~92.42%;早果丰产性明显提升,4年生‘长富2’结果株率较常规栽植增加45.6%~47.3%;6年生株产较常规栽植增加69.66%~80.00%。

Dynamics of Soil Fauna in Da Hinggan Mountains, Northeast China

The dynamics of soil animals was studied in seven representative forest communities in the north of the Da Hinggan Mountains, Northeast China. The results indicate that it was distinctive in the changes of the numbers of soil animals and groups and diversity in relationship with seasons for macrofauna and meso-micro fauna in the study area. The numbers of the observed soil animals in different months were: October>August>June. Group number was larger in August and October, but smaller in June. The change of diversity index in different months was: August>June>Oc- tober. The biomass for macrofauna in different months was: October>June>August. The composition and number of each functional group was relatively stable. In the community of the predominant soil environment, the percentage of saprophagous animals was higher than carnivorous animals and herbivorous animals. The dynamics changes of sapro- phagous and carnivorous animals were distinctive, increasing from June to October, while the change of herbivorous animals was unremarkable.

Study on Possible Mechanism of Terrain Influence on Cold-flow Snowstorm

[Objective] The research aimed to study the possible mechanism of terrain effect on cold-flow snowstorm.[Method] By using the meso-scale numerical model(WRF),a cold-flow snowstorm weather process in Shandong Peninsula was carried out numerical simulation and terrain sensitivity contrast test.The possible reason of terrain effect on falling zone and strength of snowstorm was deeply analyzed from water vapor,thermodynamic field and so on.[Result] The mountain terrain in Shandong Peninsula had great influences on falling zone and strength of cold-flow snowstorm.The strength of snowstorm obviously increased,and the snowfall center obviously moved northward.The main reason was that terrain caused the low-level wind field convergence and vertical movement in the troposphere strengthened.Then,the spatial distribution of water vapor and snow water content in the cold-flow snowstorm process obviously changed.So,the whole snowstorm process was affected.[Conclusion] The mountain terrain in Shandong Peninsula was the important element which needed to be focused on considering in the forecast analysis of cold-flow snowstorm weather process.

The lining responses for shallow mountain tunnels subjected to frost heaving

Mountain tunnels in cold regions are vulnerable to adverse effects of freezing action.Thus,it is necessary to identify the lining responses of shallow mountain tunnels subjected to freezing action.To quantify the influence of freezing action and key design parameters(such as cross-sectional shape;lining thickness;and waterproof measures)on the lining response,a thermal-hydro-mechanical coupled finite element(FE)model is established and verified.Then,specific consideration is given to the lining internal force and resulting axial stresses.And the influences of the cross-sectional shape,concrete parameters,and waterproof measures on the lining responses are investigated.Generally,the rectangular tunnel has the worst security;the circular tunnel is the safest.On the other hand,when the thermal conductivity is less than 2.2[W/(m·K)],a greater thermal conductivity will cause a greater risk of damage to the lining.Moreover,the drainage plate can reduce the value of minimum axial stresses,whether frozen or not,even eliminating the tensiondamaged area.Overall,this study helps to estimate the lining responses and prevent frost damages for shallow mountain tunnels during freezing period.

寒区山地紧急医学救援队建设探索

我国地域辽阔,紧急突发情况具有多样性,各地区结合当地地理情况成立特色紧急医学救援队可以更好地保障人民生命健康安全。现以吉林省通化市中心医院紧急医学救援队为案例,总结寒区山地救援队的队员构成、寒区山地装备、救援流程及后勤保障管理等多方面的建设经验,并分析当前建设特色紧急医学救援队的现实困难及相应对策,为其他地区建立符合当地地理环境的特色紧急医学救援队提供参考。

Relationship between autonomic nervous system function and acute mountain sickness

Objective: To elucidate the role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in acute mountain sickness (AMS) during the initial phase at acute high-altitude exposure. Methods: Ninety-nine healthy sea-level residents rapidly ascended to Tibet plateau (3 675 m altitude) by airplane from Chengdu plain (560 m altitude). ANS function was tested in plain and day 2–4 in Tibet by heart rate variability (HRV), cold pressor test (CPT). AMS was evaluated by clinic symptomatic scores. All subjects were divided into non-AMS group (57, scores≤4) and AMS group (42, scores>4). Results: Compared with non-AMS group, AMS group had higher standard deviation of normal to normal intervals (SDNN), root mean square of delta RR (rMSSD), low-frequency (LF) power, and normalized low-frequency (LFnu) power in plain (P<0.05). After arrival at 3 675 m altitude, AMS group had greater reduction in percentage of delta RR>50 ms(PNN50), rMSSD (P<0.01) and SDNN, LF, total power (TP) (P<0.05). Although no significant differences in the increase of SP and DP during CPT were found between 2 groups in plain, the SP increase during CPT of AMS group was less than non-AMS group (P<0.05) at 3 675 m altitude. AMS symptomatic scores was not only positively correlated with SDNN, rMSSD, LF/HF in plain (P<0.05), but also negatively correlated with HFnu in plain (P<0.05). Conclusion: During the initial high altitude exposure, ANS modulation is generally blunted, but the relatively predominant sympathetic control is enhanced, and this characteristic change of ANS function is positively correlated with the development of AMS.

复合有机生物菌肥对寒旱山区藜麦生长及产量的影响

藜麦具有较高的营养价值,也是寒旱山区最具发展潜力的农作物之一。为探索藜麦生产中利用复合有机生物菌肥替代化肥的最佳施肥方案,实现藜麦绿色生产,以陇黎1号为指示品种,选用8种不同成分的复合有机生物菌肥,在不改变天祝寒旱山区藜麦生产施肥水平和方式的前提下,研究了不同复合有机生物菌肥对藜麦生长及产量的影响。结果表明,基施复合有机生物菌肥LNNK2020-FLPF004[有机质≥20%,总养分≥15%(5-6-4),中量元素≥5%(2-1-2),微量素≥2%(Fe+多效唑+Mn+Se),有效活菌数CFU≥5亿个/g,水分≤30%,微生物菌种为枯草芽孢杆菌、绿色木霉]1800 kg/hm^(2)时,藜麦折合产量最高,为3048.94 kg/hm^(2),较常规施肥(基施尿素60 kg/hm^(2)、磷酸二铵285 kg/hm^(2)、硫酸钾120 kg/hm^(2))增产74.29%,增产极显著;株高最高,为208.73 cm,较常规施肥高5.87 cm;单株粒重较重,为57.98 g,较常规施肥增加33.46 g;单株分枝数较常规施肥少0.5个;生育期与常规施肥相同,均为168 d。在天祝寒旱山区藜麦生产中,建议施用复合有机生物菌肥LNNK2020-FLPF0041800 kg/hm^(2),有利于实现藜麦产量提升。

大别山对一次冷涡对流的作用分析

2017年5月14日江淮地区发生了一次冷涡对流过程,造成短时强降水、冰雹和雷暴大风等强对流天气。此次冷涡对流造成的强对流天气剧烈、预报难度大,同时受地形作用,影响因子复杂,有必要对其开展研究。本文采用集合卡曼滤波技术同化雷达径向风、雷达反演风、GPS水汽、探空和地面加密观测资料,模拟此次对流系统发生发展过程,并采用敏感性试验研究太阳辐射和大别山的作用。观测和数值试验表明,此次过程是冷涡对流在南压过程中,冷池遇到大别山地形,在大别山触发对流,大别山对流南移加强并与冷涡对流组织成短对流线。试验表明,太阳辐射是影响冷涡对流和大别山对流发生发展的关键因子,地形通过对太阳辐射的加强作用影响大别山对流发生发展。此次过程大别山局地对流分别在三处生成(称为A、B和C),影响其发生的主要因子略有差异。大别山北坡、距离冷涡对流最近的局地对流A发生发展的主要影响因子是冷池和太阳辐射,地形是次要因子,地形通过加强冷池抬升和加强太阳辐射的加热效应影响对流发展。距离冷涡对流较远的对流B和C生成时间接近,主要影响因子是太阳辐射,地形是次要因子。大别山对流和冷涡对流组织成对流线是两个冷池作用的过程,大别山对流冷池和冷涡对流冷池中间形成的辐合区相当于在二者之间建立一个“连接桥”,使西部的大别山对流向东发展,同时二者之间的对流得到加强,将东部的冷涡对流和西部的大别山对流连接起来,形成一条短对流线。

An analysis of oasis stability in arid areas:a case study in the northern slope areas of the Tianshan Mountains

This paper discusses oasis stability at regional scale with a case study in the northern slope areas of the Tianshan Mountains (NSTM). The results showed certain significant aspects. (1) As long as water resources in the oasis keep stable and their utilization efficiency can be maintained or gradually increased, the primary productivity could be continuously increased and the natural primary productivity keeped relatively stable. In this case, it is considered that the oasis is stable and its sustainable development can be achieved at regional scale. (2) Considering the availability of water resources in the oases, the oases on the alluvial-diluvial fans are highly stable. In the alluvial plain downstream of the groundwater overflowing zones the oases are moderately stable and in the lacustrine deltas or dry lacustrine deltas the oases are lowly stable. (3) Enlargement of oases and the increase of water resources and vegetation coverage in the oasis will certainly enhance the 'cold-island effect' of the oasis and increase the stability of oases.

基于不同方法对长白山食用玫瑰的抗寒性评价

为研究长白山食用玫瑰抗寒性,本研究采用越冬适应性等级评价、低温胁迫后恢复生长试验和防寒越冬3种方法对其进行评价。结果表明,通过越冬适应性等级评价可得出,长白山食用玫瑰耐寒指数为0.27,在吉林通化地区可露地栽植,生长发育正常。在低温胁迫恢复生长试验中,长白山食用玫瑰的枝条萌发率在60%~98%之间,对比其他3个玫瑰品种表现最佳。通过防寒越冬测定方法可知,防寒处理对长白山食用玫瑰翌年新生枝条各生长量的影响并不显著。因此,3种方法所得试验结果相吻合。

寒冷半干旱草原景观大比例尺微沟系测量样品粒级试验——以锲墨格山锂铍稀有矿为例

青海省天峻县锲墨格山地区属寒冷半干旱草原景观,地表发育宽300~500 m、断续延伸达7 km的伟晶岩带。目前勘查工作已发现了锲墨格山锂铍稀有矿,为了能够在后续同类景观区稀有稀土找矿中提供可靠的地球化学依据,本文在锲墨格山地区开展了大比例尺微沟系地球化学测量技术方法的样品粒级试验和有效性研究。本次通过1∶2.5万地球化学测量,选取-4~+20目、-4~+40目、-10~+40目和-10~+60目采样截取粒级,在伟晶岩脉发育地段进行试验研究,分析Cu、W、Sn、Be、Li、Nb、Rb、Zr、La、Y元素含量。结果显示,Be、Li、Nb、Rb、Zr稀有元素选取-4~+40目和-10~+40目采样截取粒级,La、Y等稀土元素选择-10~+40目采样截取粒级,Cu、W、Sn等有色金属元素选择-10~+60目采样截取粒级时,元素富集离散特征更明显,地球化学分布与地质矿产特征吻合度更高,证明该技术方法可以在同类景观区稀有稀土找矿工作中获得显著的地球化学找矿效果。

秦岭北麓两次下山雷暴不同演变特征分析

2018年7月26日和29日,秦岭北麓雷暴下山形成阵风锋并均在关中平原造成强对流天气,雷暴下山后强度、移动速度以及影响范围差异大,预报难度大。利用多源观测资料及ERA5再分析资料分析这两次过程(分别简称为7·26过程和7·29过程)的差异及成因。结果显示:7·26过程雷暴组织化程度高、生命史长、冷池小时最大变温为16℃,产生大范围短时强降水和雷暴大风;7·29过程以孤立普通单体的生消为主,冷池小时最大变温为8℃,仅造成秦岭沿山局地短时强降水。7·26过程发生在副热带高压西北侧,中低层暖平流发展使不稳定能量增长,关中平原上升运动及北山地形抬升为雷暴移入后发展加强提供了有利的动力条件;7·29过程发生在副热带高压南侧,关中平原以下沉运动为主,不利于雷暴移入后进一步发展加强。7·26过程阵风锋移动方向与边界层风向相反,又与风暴承载层平均风向相同,有利于对流垂直发展,对流发展过程中低层垂直风切变逐步增大,与冷池强度保持同步增长;7·29过程阵风锋移动方向和边界层风向相同,低层辐合弱,整个过程中0~3 km风矢量差始终不足5 m·s^(-1),不利于对流组织化发展。特殊地形对冷池的移动方向及强度产生了影响:7·26过程强的西南出流使冷池呈东北—西南狭长带状沿平原南边界向东北推进,冷池势力集中,移速快,强的辐合触发新对流发展;7·29过程冷池在黄土台塬地形过渡区扩散传播,东南风和西南风出流使对流分裂,冷池强度减弱,不利于新对流触发。

高寒山区地质灾害季节分区InSAR早期识别研究——以东构造结地区为例

高寒山区显著存在的季节性地貌变化,使得常规InSAR难以维持长时间相干性,不利于上述区域地质灾害的精准早期识别。针对该问题,本文提出并发展了一种利用InSAR季节相干性的高寒山区地质灾害早期识别方法。其基本思路为:首先获取研究区域InSAR时序干涉图与相干系数图,依据InSAR相干性变化趋势,将每年划分为夏季时段、过渡时段和冬季时段,并依据过渡时段InSAR相干性将其进一步纳入到夏季时段或冬季时段;分别对夏季时段和冬季时段InSAR干涉对开展Stacking-InSAR处理,并引入部分干涉质量较好的长时间基线InSAR干涉对;最终综合利用获取的夏季和冬季时段Stacking-InSAR成果,开展区域地质灾害的精准早期识别工作。本文以高寒高植被覆盖的东构造结地区为实验对象,利用本文发展的新方法开展了区域地质灾害的早期识别工作。结果显示,利用季节分区Stacking-InSAR进行区域地质灾害识别,冬夏时段识别灾害的重复率低于16%,表明上述区域不同时节地质灾害类型存在明显差异;进一步与常规全干涉Stacking-InSAR灾害识别成果对比发现,新方法识别灾害数量增加了28%。研究表明,发展新方法可更精准识别高寒山区地质灾害,并有效提高灾害识别率,为此类地区的地质灾害早期识别和预警预防提供了一种新思路和新方法,也为高寒山区地质灾害的防灾减灾提供了重要的技术支撑。

基于熵权-TOPSIS法的严寒山地条件下冬奥临时办公用房围护结构保温方案多目标优选研究

基于DesignBuilder热负荷计算模型和熵权-TOPSIS法建立了冬奥山地严寒大风地区临时办公用房围护结构保温方案多目标综合比选模型,以室内有效空间体积、围护结构传热系数平均值、全年运营碳排放量、保温材料初投资与运营费用折现年均值分别作为临时用房的实用性能、保温性能、碳排放量与经济效益的量化指标,通过计算各方案贴近度,确定了最优方案。实测验证了最优方案的围护结构保温性能优于普通方案,更适应严寒山地条件。

不同覆膜方式对冷凉山区土壤水热效应及烤烟农艺性状的影响

用田间试验方法研究不同覆膜方式对高原冷凉山区植烟土壤的水热效应、烤烟农艺性状及产质量的影响。在昭通市高原冷凉山区设置常规黑膜(RC)、反光膜(RF)、双层膜(BF)和全膜覆盖(FF) 4种方式。结果表明:烤烟大田生育前期,全膜和双层膜较常规黑膜覆盖土壤温度增幅分别为0.47~0.80℃和0.23~0.34℃,反光膜较常规黑膜覆盖土壤温度降幅为0.49~0.73℃。全膜和双层膜较常规黑膜覆盖土壤湿度增幅分别为2.46%~4.76%和0.63%~2.45%,反光膜较常规黑膜覆盖土壤湿度降幅为0.01%~0.19%。还苗期土壤湿度与时间的动态模拟关系呈幂函数递减,全膜和双层膜覆盖的土壤湿度递减率小于常规黑膜覆盖。打顶期烤烟农艺性状调查结果显示,双层膜覆盖烟株的根、茎、叶生物量,株高、茎围、叶片数和叶面积系数均高于常规黑膜覆盖。双层膜较常规黑膜覆盖的产量和产值增幅分别为1.14%和17.77%。地膜覆盖显著提高土壤温度和湿度,双层膜覆盖具有较好的烤烟产质提升效果,适宜在高寒冷凉山区烤烟种植中推广应用。