Effect of Si Content on Mechanical Properties of a Mo and V Free Low Alloy Cast Steel for Automobile Cold Pressing Die

The effects of Si content on combinations of important properties such as hardness, hardenability, and weldability in addition to strength increment were systematically investigated to develop a Mo and V free low alloy cast steel for automobile cold pressing die insert. For the evaluation of the applicability as the die insert, the mechanical properties were measured after spheroidization annealing （SA）, quenching and tempering （Q/T）, and flame hardening （FH） treatments, respectively. The developed 0.8%-1.6%Si containing Mo and V free alloy cast steels showed excellent matrix strengthening effect, hardenability, and weldability, fulfilling the industrial criterion of the mechanical properties for the die insert.

Visualization Simulations for Cold Press Die

Pressing process is a manufacturing method that obtained work piece with certain dimension, shape and capability through die forcing roughcast to produce plastic deformation or separate. This paper focuses on the key problems of visualization simulation in pressing die. The final aim is that numerical simulation system can simulate the process of processing forming technique, which can supply some necessary and accurate key parameters for die design. The detail description of mechanical characteristic and key technique of sheet forming technique is discussed. Pressing forming method is one of the most important forming techniques of metal forming, which has special mechanical characteristics. The character of sheet pressing forming is that the deformation of thickness direction is very small in contrast to other directions. The deformation mode of sheet forming mainly has the following kinds: bi-directional stretch, plane stress, stretches, depths extend, bending and counter-bending. The essence of press forming is the transferring course that the transferring region of rough comes to deformation by outside force, which is main researching principle in forming and the transferring field. The analysis of pressing forming course, disclose the feature of stress-strain and their changing rule, then pressing process and forming parameters could be obtained. So the states of force and deformation of transferring region is key to determine character about the varieties of pressing transferring. The paper analyzes these factors, which may influence forming precision in pressing process. In traditional methods, some key parameter such as spring-back, bending radius for die design are calculated by experience formula or select from data table. The paper brings forward the calculation methods of key parameter in the case of drawing finite element method and numerical simulation into pressing die design. In order to calculate the value of key parameters based on data supplied by FEM, a numerical simulation application is finished combined with two descriptions of work piece deformation NURBS and discrete piece. The numerical simulation is programmed on Microsoft Visual C++ with OpenGL as the graphics tool. It establishes numerical simulation program, dynamically simulates the process of sheet pressing figuration, and gets good effects.

Production of titanium powder by metallothermic reduction of TiO2 in cold pressed pellets

In order to produce low-cost titanium(Ti)with high productivity,fundamental studies on producing metallic Ti from titanium dioxide(TiO2)in the cold pressed pellets were conducted by metallothermic reduction with an indirect contact method.This paper focuses on discussing the mechanism of the reduction process and the relationships of RM(a revised reduction index)with reduction temperature,reduction time,and mole ratio of TiO2 to CaCl2(nTiO2/nCaCl2)in the pellets.The results show that metallic Ti was obtained from the reduction of TiO2 in the pellets by calcium(Ca)vapor;pellets were reduced homogenously and Ca vapor diffused into the porous pellets by Knudsen diffusion or the mixing diffusion of molecular diffusion and Knudsen diffusion at 1273 K;RM increased with the increases of temperature and reduction time and was 96.34%when TRedu=1273 K,tRedu=6 h,and nTiO2/nCaCl2=4;the reasonable nTiO2/nCaCl2 value is 3−5 for the pellets with enough strength and high RM.

Using Green Cold Pressing to Produce High Quality Fish Oil From Industrial Salmon Waste

The main objective of this research was to determine the amount of oil fish were extracted from fish west resulted from butchering,cutting and splitting processes before salmon smoking by using cold pressing methods.The amount and the characteristics of extracted of oil were tested at Regional Centre for food and feed the USDA Agricultural Research Center laboratory.The samples were used from fresh Salmon waste about 1000g from each of the(head,skin,viscera,backbone,frames and cuts off).This waste recorded more than 22%of the total mass from salmon fish with used modern extract machine.in this experiment the results revealed the fresh salmon waste have more than 16%of oil fish per one kg of salmon waste.The oil weight from Salmon waste for(head,skin,viscera,backbone,frames and cuts off).was increased with pressing time increase as well as oil productivity increased.The optimum conditions at pressing time was 200 min,for all salmon waste components.Oil productivity fluctuated according to waste sources was 190,210,86,188,178 and 90 g.oil/1000 g.by head,skin,off cuts,terming,,viscera,and backbone frames,Salmon by-products,oil productivity was ranged between 8.60 to 21.00%at constant pressure.High contents of functional EPA(20:5ω3)and DHA(22:6ω3)for oil fish.

Investigated Cold Press Oil Extraction from Non-Edible Oilseeds for Future Bio-Jet Fuels Production

Bio-jet fuel produced from non-edible oilseeds can be an alternative to fossil fuels with the benefits of increasing national energy security, reducing environmental impact, and fostering rural economic growth. Efficient oil extraction from oilseeds is critical for economic production of bio-jet fuels. Oil extractions from camelina (sativa) and canola (Brassica napus) seeds were conducted using a cold press method. The effect of the frequency controlling the screw rotation speed on the oil recovery and quality was discussed. Characterization of the produced raw vegetable oils, such as heating value, elemental content and main chemical compositions, was carried out. The results showed that the oil recovery increased when the frequency decreased. The highest oil recoveries for camelina and canola seeds were 88.2% and 84.1% respectively, both at 15 Hz. The cold press frequency and processing temperature (97.2°C - 106.0°C) had a minor influence on the qualities and recovery of both camelina and canola oils. In addition, camelina and canola oils produced at 15 Hz underwent catalytic cracking to examine potential hydrocarbon fuels production. It was observed that some of oil physicochemical properties were improved after catalytic cracking. Although more study is needed for further improvement of oil recovery and qualities, cold press could be an efficient method for oil extraction from non-edible oilseeds. Additionally, the preliminary results of upgrading the oils produced show very promising for future bio-jet fuels production.

Plastic forming simulations of cold isostatic pressing of selective laser sintered components

A combined method of selective laser sintering （SLS） and cold isostatic pressing （CIP） was applied to manufacturing metal parts rapidly. Finite element method was used to predict final dimensions and decrease cost. The simulations of CIP of selective laser sintered parts were carried out by Drucker-Prager-Cap constitutive model with ABAQUS computer program. The property of metal powder was measured by CIP experiments. The results show the rubber bag and the friction coefficient have little influence on results of simulations. The parts only have uniform shrinkage and have no obvious distortion in shape. The results of simulations show a good agreement with the experimental results and the calculated results, indicating that the Drucker-Prager-Cap model is an effective model to simulate CIP process. The simulations could give a useful direction to forming process of the CIP of selective laser sintered components. K

Manufacture and Cytotoxicity of a Lead-free Piezoelectric Ceramic as a Bone Substitute—Consolidation of Porous Lithium Sodium Potassium Niobate by Cold Isostatic Pressing

Aim The piezoelectric properties and cytotoxicity of a porous lead-free piezoelectric ceramic for use as a direct bone substitute were investigated. Methodology Cold isostatic pressing （CIP） was applied to fabricate porous lithium sodium potassium niobate （Li0.06Na0.5K0.44） NbO3 specimens using a pore-forming method. The morphologies of the CIP-processed specimens were characterized and compared to those of specimens made by from conventional pressing procedures. The effects of the ceramic on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts isolated from the cranium of 1-day-old Sprague- Dawley rats were examined by a scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and metbylthiazol tetrazolium （MTT） assay. Results The results showed that CIP enhanced piezoelectricity and biological performance of the niobate specimen, and also promoted an extracellular matrix-like topography of it. In vitro studies showed that the CIP-enhanced material had positive effects on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts. Conclusion Niobate ceramic generated by CIP shows a promise for being a piezoelectric composite bone substitute.

核桃油风味品质提升技术研究进展

核桃具有较高含量的油脂和良好的脂肪酸(亚麻酸与亚油酸的比例接近1∶4),是优质的植物油来源。核桃油中营养物质丰富,具有较高的食用及营养价值,在调节血脂、抗氧化、增强免疫力等方面有重要作用。介绍了传统压榨法(热榨法和冷榨法)商业化制取核桃油的工艺流程,总结了基于不同风味提取方法的核桃油关键风味物质。针对目前研究存在的冷榨核桃油风味寡淡的瓶颈问题,探讨了现阶段从原料预处理、浸出法和酶解法角度出发的油脂增香技术,从分子水平阐明脂质氧化和美拉德反应途径及增香原理机制,在保留冷榨核桃油原有营养成分的基础上,通过对冷榨核桃油的制取工艺进行优化,显著提升冷榨核桃油的香味。通过阐明增香技术的原理与机制,希望为冷榨核桃油风味品质提升提供新思路和新途径,以期获得风味品质更佳的冷榨核桃油,同时提高核桃油产品的附加值,助力冷榨核桃油的产业发展。

压制工艺对粉末冶金法制备泡沫铝孔结构的影响

以AlSi粉末为基体,TiH2作为发泡剂,通过研究冷压和热压两种粉末冶金工艺制备泡沫铝,分析冷压压力和热压温度对前驱体相对密度和泡沫铝孔结构的影响。实验表明,提高冷压压力和热压温度均可增加前驱体相对密度,当冷压压力超过400 MPa后对泡沫铝孔结构、膨胀率和孔隙率没有明显改善的趋势。增加热压温度可促进Al-Si共晶相生成并稳定泡沫结构。在450℃热压温度下,可制得孔结构良好、孔隙率为81.7%泡沫铝。

胶合板用高温花生粕和低温花生粕蛋白基胶黏剂的制备与表征

[目的]以高温花生粕(HPM)和低温花生粕(CPM)为试验原料,通过变性交联提高胶黏剂的胶接性能和耐水性,为花生粕蛋白基胶黏剂的进一步实际应用提供参考。[方法]采用尿素(U)变性和聚酰胺多胺环氧氯丙烷(PAE)树脂交联两步法制备HPM和CPM蛋白基胶黏剂,并比较其在胶合强度、黏度、官能团、热性能和微观形貌方面的差异。[结果]与未变性交联的HPM和CPM胶黏剂相比,变性交联后HPM和CPM胶黏剂制备的杨木胶合板干态胶合强度分别提高134.1%和111.4%,湿态胶合强度分别满足国家标准Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类胶合板要求;变性交联后HPM与CPM胶黏剂黏度分别提高101.5%和70.5%,热分解温度分别提高至316.44和307.57℃,且HPM制备的胶黏剂表面最紧密。[结论]变性交联后HPM胶黏剂的胶合强度、耐水性优于CPM胶黏剂,HPM比CPM更适宜作胶黏剂原料。

PTFE/Cu材料动态压缩特性

通过冷等静压和冷压烧结制备出六种不同密度的聚四氟乙烯(polytetrafluoroethylene,PTFE)/Cu复合材料,并采用霍普金森系统研究了密度和制备方法对PTFE/Cu动态力学性能影响。结果表明,冷压烧结试样在其烧结过程中发生纵向膨胀,导致密度降低,且试样表面生成一层金属膜;冷压烧结试样的动态压缩性能优于冷等静压试样;冷压烧结后的PTFE/Cu材料中PTFE晶体发育更好,对Cu颗粒包裹力更大,界面结合力更高,提升了冷压烧结PTFE/Cu材料的力学性能。

新型中子/γ射线屏蔽材料的设计和制备

屏蔽材料设计主要考虑中子和γ射线的防护需求,兼具中子和γ射线协同防护作用的材料,可广泛应用于诸多辐射场景。介绍了屏蔽材料的种类、优势和不足,并基于蒙特卡罗粒子输运软件(MCNP)程序开展了针对中子和γ射线屏蔽材料的设计和优化研究工作,提出了一种具有较好屏蔽效果的新型中子和γ射线屏蔽材料设计方案。模拟结果表明在石蜡中添加一定量的B_(4)C可显著提高材料对中子的屏蔽率,其中,B_(4)C添加质量为10%~20%的含硼石蜡具有较优异的中子屏蔽效果,75mm含硼(10%B_(4)C)石蜡/1mm Pb等多层屏蔽材料设计对Pu自发裂变中子的总能量屏蔽率为96.8%,对Pu衰变γ射线总能量屏蔽率为93.5%,通过增加Pb层厚度至2mm,可使γ射线总能量屏蔽率达到96.5%。开展了可实现快中子慢化、吸收双功能的含硼石蜡屏蔽材料的制备技术研究,通过冷压制备技术制备了组织致密、加工性能优异的含硼石蜡屏蔽材料,可解决屏蔽材料尺寸受限制以及加工成形困难等难题,可广泛应用于工业辐射防护领域。

冷榨亚麻籽油特征风味成分分析

本研究采用定量描述分析法、顶空固相微萃取和同时蒸馏萃取法及气相色谱-质谱-嗅闻仪(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry,GC-MS-O)结合化学计量分析方法分析冷榨亚麻籽油的整体风味特征及挥发性风味物质。结果表明:冷榨亚麻籽油的风味独特,主要呈新鲜清新的青草味及鱼腥味。GC-MS共检测出34种挥发性物质,包括醛类12种、醇类7种、酸类5种、萜烯类3种、烷烃类3种、酮类2种及芳香族类化合物2种。综合GC-O、检测频率值≥6以及气味活度值≥1分析,明确了2-乙基己醇、己醇、(E)-2-己烯醛、己醛、(E,E)-2,4-庚二烯醛是冷榨亚麻籽油青草味的主要来源物质,而(Z)-4-庚烯醛是鱼腥味的主要来源物质。通过主成分分析进一步验证了不同地区冷榨亚麻籽油的特征风味强度与感官风味属性间的相关性。本研究结果可为冷榨亚麻籽油的风味改善、工艺优化及品质提升提供理论参考依据。

无压烧结温度对15%SiC/2009Al复合材料微观组织与力学性能的影响

针对传统粉末冶金工艺制备成本高、制备效率低等问题,采用冷等静压结合无压烧结及热挤压工艺制备15%(体积分数,下同)SiC/2009Al复合材料。研究不同烧结温度(600,620,640℃)对15%SiC/2009Al复合材料微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:在600℃下烧结,SiC与基体间的结合差,微观下可观察到较多的大尺寸孔隙,材料的致密度低,力学性能差;在640℃高温下烧结,坯锭产生大量液相,并溢出到坯锭表面,造成心部合金元素下降,此外,640℃会引发强烈的界面反应,生成较多大尺寸脆性相,成为材料断裂过程中的裂纹源,导致材料性能下降;620℃为最佳烧结温度,产生较多的液相能填充坯锭中的部分孔隙,进而提高材料致密度以及界面结合强度,复合材料的强度和塑性均取得最佳值,抗拉强度与屈服强度分别达到505,345 MPa,伸长率达到7.2%。

压合衬套二次冷挤压强化数值仿真与实验研究

采用压合衬套二次冷挤压工艺对7050铝合金耳片孔进行挤压强化;通过X射线衍射仪、三坐标测量机和粗糙度仪,研究二次冷挤压对耳片孔内表面的残余应力、塑性变形以及粗糙度的影响,并通过有限元仿真进行验证。实验结果表明:相较于一次冷挤压,压合衬套二次冷挤压可有效改善试样两端残余应力的不均匀性。随着二次冷挤压相对挤压量增大,残余压应力峰值和应力层深度都进一步增大,塑性变形程度也更大,同时降低了孔壁表面粗糙度。在相对挤压量为2.5%时,最大残余压应力可达-400.3 MPa,并形成了约14 mm的残余压应力层;试样端面A与端面B内径分别增大了0.56 mm和0.54 mm;孔壁表面粗糙度降低幅度达到71.0%。相较于一次冷挤压,二次冷挤压强化后孔壁沿径向形成了更深的残余压应力层和塑性变形层,显著提高了耳片孔的整体服役性能。

亚麻籽分离蛋白结构表征及其性能分析

为实现亚麻籽饼粕中分离蛋白的综合加工利用,该文以冷榨亚麻籽饼粕为原料,对其进行脱胶脱脂处理,采用超声辅助水提法分别提取亚麻籽分离蛋白和脱胶脱脂亚麻籽分离蛋白,并对理化性质、结构及功能特性进行分析比较。结果表明,冷榨亚麻籽饼粕和脱胶脱脂亚麻籽饼粕中蛋白质质量分数分别为37.52%±0.04%、37.47%±0.02%。采用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定亚麻籽分离蛋白和脱胶脱脂亚麻籽分离蛋白的分子质量,显示10~55 kDa之间有明显谱带,其中水溶性低分子质量的白蛋白(10、14、15及17 kDa)和盐溶性高分子质量的球蛋白(30、33、35、40、45及55 kDa)谱带最为明显。氨基酸的种类各检测到17种,含有丰富的必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸。傅里叶变换红外光谱测定的2种蛋白质的二级结构稳定性一般;由扫描电镜和X-射线衍射可知亚麻籽分离蛋白比脱胶脱脂亚麻籽分离蛋白的微观孔隙率低,结构中都较缺乏结晶度或有序排列。2种蛋白的两亲性与大豆分离蛋白相比,亲水/油特性突出,亲油性是大豆分离蛋白的2倍多。对不同pH(2~11)和盐离子浓度(0~1.25 mol/L)下溶解度、起泡性、泡沫稳定性、乳化活性及乳化稳定性的测定显示,两者具有良好的碱溶性,脱胶脱脂亚麻籽分离蛋白的起泡性、乳化活性及乳化稳定性均优于亚麻籽分离蛋白,而泡沫稳定性恰好相反,该研究结果有利于拓宽2种分离蛋白在健康食品领域中的应用前景,为食品中的应用提供有益参考和数据支撑。

红外预处理对低温压榨碧根果油品质及贮藏稳定性的影响

以碧根果仁为材料,利用红外(infrared,IR)预处理22、41、68、104、148 s使其中心温度分别达到70、90、110、130、150℃,通过出油率、脂肪酸组成、脂质伴随物含量和理化指标测定、微观结构观察以及抗氧化能力和贮藏稳定性分析,研究IR预处理对低温压榨碧根果油品质以及贮藏稳定性的影响。结果表明:IR预处理能显著提高碧根果仁的出油率,与对照组相比提高了11.10%~58.42%;但对低温压榨碧根果油的脂肪酸组成无明显影响;经IR预处理后碧根果油脂肪酶和多酚氧化酶活力显著降低(P<0.05);非酶促褐变指数、类胡萝卜素的释放以及总酚含量与IR预处理时间呈正相关,低温压榨碧根果油的颜色随着果仁预处理时间的延长而加深;IR预处理148 s低温压榨碧根果油的γ-生育酚含量略有降低但并不显著,1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除能力和铁离子还原能力较对照组分别提高了23.52%和13.16%,贮藏稳定性显著增强。综上,IR预处理148 s是获得低温压榨碧根果油的最优预处理方式。该研究结果可为IR在低温压榨碧根果油制备中应用提供一定的理论依据。

冷压成型工艺及取材部位对结构用重组竹力学性能的影响

为了对比“热压”和“冷压-热固化”两种工艺重组竹的材料强度等级,并探明“冷压-热固化”制备工艺对重组竹方材表、芯层材力学性能的影响,以及为丰富方材二次加工切割板材的应用场景和提高力学性能稳定性提供试验分析基础,设计并开展了两种工艺重组竹的力学性能试验。试验采用了抗弯弹性模量、抗弯强度、顺纹抗拉强度、顺纹抗压强度、顺纹抗剪强度、横纹全部抗压比例极限、横纹局部抗压比例极限等7个指标,420个试件。结果表明:热压成型重组竹除抗弯弹性模量和顺纹抗拉强度相对较低外,其他力学性能均明显优于冷压-热固化工艺制备的重组竹,且两种工艺制备成型的重组竹的强度等级均达到10E-90f;冷压成型-热固化重组竹表、芯层材试件的顺纹抗拉、抗压强度和横纹比例极限应力具有极显著性差异,下表层顺纹抗压强度和横纹抗压比例极限应力低于芯层和上表层,而其顺纹抗拉强度高于后两者;冷压成型-热固化工艺重组竹的横纹全部抗压比例极限应力在厚度方向上变异最大,变异系数为20.9%,顺纹抗拉强度变异系数为10.61%。冷压重组竹方材力学性能在厚度方向上较大的变异性由板坯胶黏剂分布不均、固化分层和受热不均导致。

石墨烯/Al复合材料的显微组织和物理性能研究

铝基复合材料具有重量轻、高耐蚀性、热膨胀系数低、导电导热性能优异和加工性能优良等优点而成为当前轻金属基复合材料研究的主流,其中,石墨烯/Al复合材料是目前研究的热点方向。为了研究石墨烯含量对石墨烯/Al复合材料物理性能的影响,本文采用了冷压烧结法制备了石墨烯质量分数为0%(纯铝)、0.3%、0.6%和0.9%的石墨烯/Al复合材料,采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜及其自带的能谱仪分析石墨烯/Al复合材料的微观形貌及化学成分,采用高精度固体密度仪、显微硬度计、高温DSC分析仪和激光导热系数测量仪测试分析石墨烯/Al复合材料的密度、硬度、比热容、热扩散系数和导热系数,对比分析了不同石墨烯含量对石墨烯/Al复合材料性能的影响机制。结果表明,石墨烯/Al复合材料中石墨烯均匀的分布在铝基体中,石墨烯的添加能够使基体产生明显的晶粒细化,当石墨烯含量超过0.6%时,在复合材料中出现石墨烯的团聚现象。随着石墨烯含量的增加,复合材料的密度和致密度逐渐减小,硬度值呈现先增大后减小的趋势,比热容逐渐降低,热扩散系数先增大后略微减小,导热系数缓慢上升。

铜渣金属化球团熔分试验研究

阐述了铜渣经煤基氢冶金回转窑还原成金属化球团后,在直接还原料、磨选铁精粉和铁精粉造球三种条件下进行熔分试验。对比三次熔分试验结果发现,煤基氢冶金回转窑还原成的金属化球团经破碎、磨粉、磁选为铁精粉后冷压造球再熔分,其冷压球强度和粒度适合熔分炉要求,极大减少了炉渣量,可持续进行熔分,从而提高了熔分效率。