Analysis of trace mercury in water by solid phase extraction using dithizone modified nanometer titanium dioxide and cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry

A new method for analysis of trace mercury in water samples was developed, based on the combination of preconcentration/separation using dithizone-modified nanometer titanium dioxide （TiO2） as a solid phase extractant and determination by cold vapor atomic adsorption spectrometry （CVAAS）. Dithizone was dissolved with alcohol and loaded on the surface of nano-sized TiO2 powders by stirring. The static adsorption behavior of Hg^2＋on the dithizone-modified nanoparficles was investigated in detail. It was found that excellent adsorption ratio for Hg^2＋ could be obtained in the pH range of 7-8 with an oscillation time of 15 rain, and a 5 mL of 3.5 mol·L^-1 HCI solution could quantitatively elute Hg^2＋ from nanometer TiO2 powder. Common coexisting ions caused no obvious influence on the determination of mercury. The mechanisms for the adsorption and desorption were discussed. The detection limit （30） for Hg^2＋ was calculated to be 5 ng·L^-1. The proposed method was applied to the determination of Hg^2＋ in a mineral water sample and a Zhujiang River water sample. By the standard addition method, the average recoveries were found to be 94.4%-108.3% with RSD （n = 5） of 2.9%-3.5%.

A sensitive and compact mercury analyzer by integrating dielectric barrier discharge induced cold vapor generation and optical emission spectrometry

An environmentally friendly,low power consuming,sensitive and compact mercury analyzer was developed for the determination of mercury in water samples by integrating a thin film dielectric barrier discharge induced cold vapor reactor and a dielectric barrier discharge optical emission spectrometer into a small polymethyl methacrylate plate（10.5 cm length×8.0 cm width×1.2 cm height）.Mercury cold vapor was generated when standard or sample solutions with or without formic acid were introduced to the reactor to form thin film liquid and exposed to microplasma irradiation and subsequently separated from the liquid phase for transport to the microplasma and detection of its atomic emission.Limits of detection of 0.20 μg L^-1 and 2.6 μg L^-1 were obtained for the proposed system using or not using formic acid,respectively.Compared to the conventional microplasma optical emission spectrometry used for mercury analysis,this system not only retains the good limit of detection amenable to the determination of mercury in real samples,but also reduces power consumption,eliminates the generation of hydrogen and avoids the use of toxic or unstable reductant.Method validation was demonstrated by analysis of a certified reference material of water sample and three real water samples with good spike recoveries（88-102%）.

Comparison of Total Mercury Accommodations between Two Edible Fish Tissues （Tuna and Fitofag）

In this study, total mercury in canned tuna in comparison with Hypophthalmichthys molitrix （fitofag or phytophag） fish samples were determined by flow injection cold vapour generation atomic absorption spectrometry after digestion by the two different methods. The mercury concentration varied from 83 to 290 ng g~ with an average value of 147 ng g-1 in canned tuna, while the concentration varied from 14 to 56 ng g-1 with an average value of 26 ng g-1 for fitofag fish. Recoveries of the total mercury were in the range of 81-107% and 120-160% by method 1 and 2, respectively. The results of this study indicate that tuna and fitofag fish from the Persian Gulf area of Iran have concentrations well below the permissible FAO/WHO levels for total mercury and also the feed regime of fishes can affect the mercury accommodation. Therefore, their contribution to the body burden can be considering negligible and the fish seem to be safe for human consumption.

Monitoring of Environmental Mercury Exposure Using Hair as Bioindicator and the Study of Potential Factors Affecting on It in Karachi

The World Health Organization (WHO), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) have recommended the use of hair for worldwide environmental monitoring. Mercury exposure to the inhabitants of Karachi was assessed by using hair as bioindicator. Hair samples of 200 residents of Karachi were collected and analyzed through cold vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy (CVAA) technique for mercury concentration. The effects of age, gender, working status, location, food and smoking habit were investigated. Control region showed a positive correlation between HHg and age of donor while no such correlation was observed for polluted regions. Mercury exposure through cosmetic usage in female was only pronounced in control region. These results indicate that environmental pollution dominates other potential factors. Age and smoking habit were not found to be the influencing factors while an elevated mean level of mercury was noticed for regular fish consumers than rarely fish consumers. 95.33% of the samples contained HHg greater than the permissible level of 2 μg?g?1 set by WHO. An apparently healthy male donor had HHg concentration (28.24 μg?g?1) closer to the high risk concentration of 30 μg?g?1 based on WHO criteria. Whereas, two female donors of the age group of 41-50 years had HHg concentrations (10.82 and 11.84 μg?g?1) higher than the NOAEL (no observed adverse affects level) value (10 μg?g?1) for females which is associated with fetus neurotoxicity. However, no symptoms of mercury toxicity were visible. The results indicate the alarming condition of pollution in the city which should be taken into further consideration.

催化裂解-金汞齐富集-冷原子吸收光谱仪测定土壤样品中总汞含量

为避免汞消解过程中产生的蒸发损失及前处理过程中产生器具与样品污染,通过配制汞总量为0~2、0~15和25~1 023 ng的三种不同汞浓度系列的标准工作曲线,选取9个土壤样品、3种国家土壤有证标准物质,同一样品分别进行6组平行测定,并抽取3个土壤样品进行3种不同浓度加标回收实验,以对其方法精密度和准确度进行论证,建立了催化裂解-金汞齐富集-冷原子吸收光谱法即直接测汞仪测定土壤样品中汞含量的方法。结果显示,仪器信号值与Hg总量之间均呈良好的线性关系。根据仪器多次测定空白数据结果,按照称样量0.1 g计算,方法检出为0.09 ng/g;平行测定结果相对标准偏差均小于10%,土壤标准物质测定值与参考值均相符,不同浓度的加标回收率范围为69.0%~97.0%。方法可用于批量土壤样品中汞含量的快速测定,精密度和准确度可满足测定要求,且实验过程中无需前处理消解,操作方便、快速高效。

催化裂解-冷原子吸收光谱法测定固体生物质中汞含量

为开展汞的污染监测和环境治理,以我国能源用散状固体生物质为研究对象,建立了催化裂解-冷原子吸收光谱法测定汞含量的方法。通过实验确定了样品称样量、分解温度和分解时间,方法线性关系良好,线性系数>0.999,检出限0.045μg/kg,方法重复性符合要求。标准样品汞含量测定值在标准值不确定度范围内,经过F检验和t检验,催化裂解-冷原子吸收光谱法与电感耦合等离子体质谱法不存在显著性差异。实验结果表明催化裂解-冷原子吸收光谱法测定汞含量具备良好的精密度和准确度,可应用于固体生物质中汞的检测。

土壤中甲基汞和乙基汞测定方法比对研究

为了给国内土壤中甲基汞和乙基汞检测建立国家或行业统一标准提供技术依据,在液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(HPLC-ICP-MS法)测定土壤中的甲基汞和乙基汞方法的基础上,参考了新制订国标吹扫捕集/气相色谱-冷原子荧光光谱法,选取具有代表性的3种不同的土壤样品运用两种方法进行加标回收试验。结果表明,两种方法检出限在0.2~0.4μg/kg,三个水平加标回收率在77.8%~106%之间,相对标准偏差均小于8.6%。比对结果显示两种方法对测定没有显著性的差异,均能弥补国内在测定土壤中有机汞方面的空白。

交联壳聚糖在汞形态分析中的应用

研究了一种新型溶于水、酸、碱的交联壳聚糖在汞形态分析中的应用。以ＥＤＴＡ为络合剂，交联壳聚糖能选择性富集分离无机汞；以ＫＩ作为络合剂，交联壳聚糖同时富集甲基汞、乙基汞和苯基汞，０．４ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮａＯＨ可定量洗脱苯基汞，１．０ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮａＯＨ定量洗脱烷基汞（甲基汞和乙基汞），洗脱下来的有机汞用 Ｋ２Ｃｒ２Ｏ７／ＣｄＣｌ２氧化，ＫＢＨ４还原，冷原子吸收光谱法测定。方法富集倍数达１００倍，用于分析实际水样，对无机汞、苯基汞及烷基汞的检测限（３σ）分别为 ７． ８ ｎｇ／Ｌ、９． ８ ｎｇ／Ｌ、１２ ｎｇ／Ｌ，回收率分别在 ９４％～９８％之间，对 ５０ ｎｇ／Ｌ的上述汞形态进行测定，相对标准偏差均小于８．０％（ｎ＝１１）。

冷蒸气发生原子吸收法测定烟草中镉和汞

采用硼氢化钾与镉和汞在雾化器喷口处反应生成原子蒸气,然后直接进入石英T形管中用原子吸收法测定。该方法减少了镉和汞的蒸气在水溶液和传输过程中的损失,提高了测定灵敏度和精密度。对各种实验参数进行了研究,镉和汞的检出限(K=3,n=11)分别为21和8ng·L-1。利用该方法成功测定了烟草样品中镉和汞,回收率均在92%以上。方法操作简单、快速、灵敏度好。

微波消解-冷原子荧光法测定煤中痕量汞

微波消解技术具有样品溶解完全、污染少、节约试剂和方便快捷等特点。文章采用微波消解预处理煤样 ,并用冷原子荧光法测定样品中的痕量汞。采用硝酸 盐酸 氢氟酸消解体系 ,进行了微波消解条件的选择 ,并考察了载气流量、屏蔽气流量、负高压和干扰等对测定的影响。在选定的操作条件下 ,汞的检出限为0 0 3ng·mL-1,相对标准偏差 (n =7)小于 5 %。方法准确、快速和方便 ,利用国家标准参考物质煤飞灰GBW 0 84 0 1验证了方法的准确度 。

冷蒸气发生-原子荧光光谱法测定化工废水中的无机汞和总有机汞

用氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定了化工废水中的无机汞和总有机汞。无机汞可以直接测定；用过硫酸钾在沸水浴中加热２０ ｍｉｎ即可把有机汞转化为无机汞，实现总汞的测定，二者之差为总有机汞。对影响测定灵敏度的一些实验参数进行了优化，汞的检测限为８．２ ｎｇ／Ｌ。

交联壳聚糖富集分离冷原子吸收分光光度法测定环境水样中痕量无机汞

报道了采用不溶于酸碱的交联壳聚糖，以ＥＤＴＡ为络合剂选择性富集分离，冷原子吸收分光光度法直接测定环境水样中痕量无机汞的方法，并对分析的最佳条件进行了探讨。方法的线性范围为３０～５００ｎｇ／Ｌ；富集倍数达１００倍；用于分析实际水样，回收率为９４％～９８％；检测下限（３）为 ７．８ ｎｇ／Ｌ；相对标准偏差小于６％。

循环富集-冷蒸气原子吸收法测定食品中痕量汞的研究

本文以自制的循环富集装置，配以冷原子吸收测汞系统，对痕量汞的测定进行了研究。分析多种食品样品及国家标准物质，得到了满意的结果。

天然气以及大气中微量汞的监测方法的研究

本文研究了天然气以及大气中微量汞的监测方法 :以高精密度的冷原子吸收光谱法和便携式塞曼效应原子吸收光谱法为基础 。

微波萃取高效液相色谱-冷原子荧光光谱法测定沉积物中甲基汞和无机汞

建立了微波萃取高效液相色谱-冷原子荧光光谱法(MAE-HPLC-CVAFS)测定沉积物中甲基汞(MeHg+)和无机汞(Hg2+)的方法。以0.1%(V/V)2-巯基乙醇为萃取剂,用于沉积物样品中汞形态的萃取,在80℃下萃取8 min,萃取液直接注入HPLC-CVAFS系统分析。在优化条件下,MeHg+和Hg2+的检出限分别为0.58和0.48 ng/g;加标回收率分别为96.2%和95.8%;RSD(n=6)分别为5.7%和4.1%。对标准参考物质(IAEA-405和ERM-CC580)的分析结果与推荐值一致。本方法简单、快速、准确、检出限低,抗干扰能力强,具有很好的实用性和推广价值。

冷原子吸收光谱法结合热解-原子吸收光谱法快速测定废水样中痕量无机汞和总有机汞

提出以冷原子吸收光谱法结合热解-原子吸收光谱法测定废水样中的痕量无机汞和总有机汞。水样经0.45μm膜过滤后不需消化处理,直接用冷原子吸收光谱法测定无机汞含量,用热解法测定总汞含量,二者之差为总有机汞含量。方法简便快速,干扰少,经加标回收实验验证,回收率为90%～103%,相对标准偏差(n＝11)为3.8%。

微波消解顺序注射冷蒸汽原子荧光光谱法测定沉积物中的痕量汞

提出采用密闭微波消解结合顺序注射冷蒸汽原子荧光光谱法快速测定沉积物中痕量汞的新方法。利用10%HCl-50%HNO3-40%H2O和30%HCl-20%HNO3-50%H2O两种消解体系在140℃条件下消解5min,沉积物样品消解完全,且样品消解过程中痕量汞无损失。优化条件下,线性范围0.02～30ng.mL-1,检出限为0.5ng.g-1,RSD为3.7%(n=10)。标准参考物质GSD-2,GSD-9及GSD-10的测定值与推荐值吻合,实际样品加标回收率(91.2±4.3)%～(96.5±4.6)%。本法试剂用量少,快速准确,灵敏度高,线性范围宽,适合沉积物中的痕量汞的测定,有很好的实用价值。

超声辅助硝酸提取-冷原子吸收光谱法测定土壤/沉积物中汞

以一定浓度的硝酸为提取剂,在超声波辅助作用下对标准土壤/沉积物中的汞进行提取,并用冷原子吸收光谱法进行了分析。通过正交实验,优化了提取条件:硝酸浓度为9.0mol/L,超声频率为15 kHz,超声时间为10 min。Hg在0.1～10μg/L范围内线性关系良好。在优化的工作条件下,方法的检出限为0.009μg/L。与传统的水浴消解法进行了比较,发现超声辅助硝酸提取法提取效率为98.2%,相对误差(RE,n=4)为1.8%,都优于传统的水浴消解法。方法用于标准土壤和沉积物样品中汞的分析,结果与认定值相符,回收率分别为103%和99%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)分别为0.55%和0.40%。

微波消解-冷原子吸收光谱法测定食品中汞的讨论

采用微波消解技术处理食物样品、冷原子吸收光谱法测定样品中汞的含量,对样品前处理过程中氧化剂浸泡过程和氮氧化物处理进行讨论,确定了最佳实验方法。用确定的方法对各类样品进行检测,回收率达到94%—108%。

直接进样-冷原子吸收光谱法测定矿产品中汞

无需离线的化学前处理而直接进样,热解汞齐化后在波长253.65 nm处用冷原子吸收光谱法进行汞的测定。对取样量、样品测定方式及背景值控制、仪器分析条件的选择等进行了探讨。方法的线性范围为0.1-600 ng,检出限为0.000 7μg/g。将该方法用于两个参考矿产样中汞的测定,结果与参考值相符,相对标准偏差（n=7）分别为3.3%和1.1%;用本方法、消解后利用冷原子吸收光谱法和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法对铜精矿、锰矿、锌矿等含汞矿样进行测试比较,方法间无显著性差异。测定一个样品仅需5 min,样品用量少,适合批量样品的测试。