Microstructure, cold rolling, heat treatment, and mechanical properties of Mg-Li alloys

The magnesium-lithium （Mg-Li） alloy exhibits two phase structures between 5.7wt% and 10.3wt% Li contents, consisting of the a （hcp） Mg-rich and the β （bcc） Li-rich phases, at room temperature. In the experiment, Mg-5Li-2Zn, Mg-9Li-2Zn, Mg-16Li-2Zn, Mg-22Li-2Zn, Mg-5Li-2Zn-2Ca, Mg-9Li-2Zn-2Ca, Mg-16Li-2Zn-2Ca, and Mg-22Li-2Zn-2Ca （wt%） were melted. During the melting process, the flux, which was composed of lithium chloride （LiCl） and lithium fluoride （LiF） in the proportion of 3：1 （mass ratio） and argon gas were used to protect the alloys from oxidation. The microstructure, mechanical properties, and cold-rolling workability of the wrought alloys were studied. The crystal grain of the alloys （adding Ga） is fine . The hardness of the studied alloys decreases with an increase in element Li. The density of the studied alloys is in the range of 1.187 to 1.617 g/cm^3. The reduction of the Mg-16Li-2Zn and Mg-22Li-2Zn alloys can exceed 85% at room temperature. The Mg-9Li-2Zn-2Ca alloy was heat treated at 300℃ for 8, 12, 16, and 24 h, respectively. The optimum heat treatment of the Mg-9Li-2Zn-2Ca alloy is 300℃×12h by metallographic observation and by studying the mechanical properties of the alloys.

Therapeutic Actions of the Chinese Herbal Formulae with Cold and Heat Properties and Their Effects on Ultrastructures of Synoviocytes in Rats of the Collagen-Induced Arthritis

The therapeutic actions of Qing Luo Yin (QLY清络饮) with heat property and Wen Luo Yin (WLY温络饮) with cold property on pain, swelling of the ankle, arthritis index and ultrastructures of synoviocytes were compared in rats of type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), with tripterygium glycosidorum (TG) used as control. The results indicated that both QLY and WLY could reduce pain, swelling of the ankle and the arthritis index of CIA, and QLY had better effects in reducing the swelling of the ankle and controlling the secondary pathological lesions as compared with WLY. Investigation on the ultrastructures of synoviocytes indicated that both QLY and WLY could reduce the number of Golgi apparatus, rough surface endoplasmic reticulum, dense bodies, matrix filaments and vacuoles so as to suppress the excessive secretion of synoviocytes in rats of CIA.

INFLUENCE OF COLD-WORKING AND HEAT TREATING ON ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF Nb AND Nb-BASE ALLOYS

The elastic limit of single-phase alloy Nb-2Mo-2Zr-1Ti is higher as recovered state in comparison with as cold-rolled or recrystallized one.For Nb-40Ti-5.5AI alloy of age-hardening type,the elastic limit is lower as cold-rolled state,but increases considerably after proper aging.However,its elastic modulus changes no more,so the stored-energy (σ_e^2/E)may raise significantly.The temperature dependence on elastic modulus for pure Nb as intensely cold-worked or recrystallized state is anomalous.This anomaly may disap- pear after recovered treatment of intensely cold-worked state at 600℃ for 4 h.and may change no more after that of recrystallized state.The anomalous behaviour of elasticity was also discussed on the non-magnetic Nb.

寒区相变蓄热墙体多因素热特性研究

在墙体中应用相变材料可以显著改善墙体的保温蓄热能力,但相变材料厚度和墙体构造的选择尚需科学论证。基于寒区气象特点,选择适用于寒区建筑外墙的相变储能材料,从墙体的传热特性角度出发,通过建立不同相变材料层厚度和多种构造的相变墙体模型,研究多种情况相变墙体的热特性。结果表明,相变墙体在冬季的保温蓄热能力受相变材料层位置和厚度影响,夏季效果主要受相变材料厚度影响;相变材料厚度为40 mm的中间型相变墙体和相变材料厚度为60 mm的内侧型相变墙体比较适合寒区建筑应用。研究所得结论可为寒区相变墙体的结构设计优化提供参考。

温郁金、温莪术和醋莪术的寒热药性及其7种挥发性成分的比较研究

目的:验证温郁金、温莪术和醋莪术的寒热药性,探究3者挥发油中7种挥发性成分与其寒热药性的相关性。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油并对其含有的7种挥发性成分的含量通过气相色谱法(GC法)进行测定,给予SD雄性大鼠灌服寒凉药构建胃寒实证模型,再分别给予热性药、寒性药、生莪术、醋莪术、生郁金的水煎液治疗。通过观测比较大鼠在造模和给药的全过程中体质量、肛温、进食量、大便粒数和质地的变化,比较温郁金、温莪术和醋莪术的寒热药性。结果:温莪术醋制前后7种挥发性成分的含量差异不明显;温莪术挥发油中1,8-桉叶素、樟脑、龙脑、吉马酮、莪术二酮的含量明显高于温郁金上述成分的含量(P<0.01)。温莪术的生品、醋制品对胃寒导致的腹泻治疗效果弱于热性药的治疗效果,温莪术的生品、醋制品表现为脾胃温性,温郁金的生品会加重腹泻,但致泻效果较寒性药致泻效果弱,温郁金表现为脾胃弱寒性。结论:1,8-桉叶素、樟脑、吉马酮、莪术二酮4种挥发性成分的药理作用与温热药作用一致,且其含量高低与温郁金、温莪术和醋莪术寒热药性变化一致,推测这4种挥发性成分可能是其发挥寒热药性的重要物质基础。

浅析表热里寒证

国家“十四五”规划教材《中医诊断学》对表热里寒证的论述较为简略,历代中医药学家对这一证型也争议颇多,导致医者对此类证候在理论和临床上有一些困惑和混淆,使得提取和界定证候要素存在一定的问题。文章从“表里”含义的不同角度“、寒热”概念中的不同界定等方面,结合古籍和历代医家对于表热里寒的理解,分析“表”和“里”的定义,浅析表热里寒证产生歧义的原因,以期加深在理论和临床上对本证型的理解。

Effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties of heavily cold-rolled Fe-6.5wt%Si alloy sheet

Fe-6.5wt%Si alloy has excellent soft magnetic properties,but it is hard to be cold-rolled due to appearance of ordered phases in this alloy.In this paper we report that ultra thin Fe-6.5wt%Si sheet of 0.05 mm thick was obtained by heavily cold rolling.By means of optical microscope,micro-hardness indenter,instron,SEM and X-ray diffraction,the effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties of this alloy sheet was investigated.The heavily cold-rolled sheet exhibits some extent of ductility.The ultimate tensile strength reaches 1.93 GPa.After heat treatment,micro-hardness is decreased and the ductility is lost,especially at temperature above 650℃ when recrystallization takes place.The reason for decreasing the ductility lies in the ordered DO3 phase transformation.

Mixture prepared with Chinese medicines in terms of releasing exterior cold and clearing interior heat: its efficacy and safety in patients with seasonal influenza-a randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety in 105 patients with seasonal Influenza in Beijing, the mixture prepared with Chinese medicines follows the treatment regimen of releasing exterior cold andclearing interior heat.METHODS: Total 330 patients with seasonal influenza were enrolled and randomly and averagely divided into the Chinese herbal medicine, the western medicine and the Chinese patent medicine group. They were treated with Chinese medicine Oseltamivir Phosphate Capsules and the Scattering Wind and Resolving Toxins Capsules. The main efficacy indicators were the antifebrile onset time and recovery time of body temperature. The efficacy and safety of the mixture was scientifically evaluated. Comparisons of several variables were analyzed.RESULTS: Median antifebrile onset time of the Chinese herbal medicine group was significantly shorter than the western medicine group(P < 0.05) and the Chinese patent medicine group(P < 0.05). The median antifebrile recovery time of the Chinese herbal medicine group was significantly shorter than the Chinese patent medicine group(P <0.05). The groups evaluated by TCM symptom pattern effect, both the Chinese herbal medicine group and Western Medicine group were better than the Chinese patent medicine group(P <0.05). The disappearance rate of main symptoms and some minor symptom patterns of the Chinese herbal medicine group were higher than the other 2 groups.CONCLUSION: The mixture of releasing exterior cold and clearing interior heat could significantly shorten the fever time with safety.

Fine-tuning of mechanical properties in a Zn-Ag-Mg alloy via cold plastic deformation process and post-deformation annealing

In recent years,Zn-based materials have been extensively investigated as potential candidates for biodegradable implant applications.The introduction of alloying elements providing solid-solution strengthening and second phase strengthening seems crucial to provide a suitable platform for the thermo-mechanical strengthening of Zn alloys.In this study,a systematic investigation of the microstructure,crystallographic texture,phase composition,and mechanical properties of a Zn-3Ag-0.5Mg(wt%)alloy processed through combined hot extrusion(HE)and cold rolling(CR),followed by short-time heat treatment(CR+HT)at 200◦C was conducted.Besides,the influence of different annealing temperatures on the microstructure and mechanical properties was studied.An adequate combination of processing conditions during CR and HT successfully addressed brittleness obtained in the high-strength HE Zn-3Ag-0.5Mg alloy.By controlling the microstructure,the most promising results were obtained in the sample subjected to 50%CR reduction and 5-min annealing,which were:ultimate tensile strength of 432 MPa,yield strength of 385 MPa,total elongation to failure of 34%,and Vickers microhardness of 125 HV0.3.The obtained properties clearly exceed the mechanical benchmarks for biodegradable implant materials.Based on the conducted investigation,brittle multi-phase Zn alloys’mechanical performance can be substantially enhanced to provide sufficient plasticity by grain refinement through cold deformation process,followed by short-time annealing to restore proper strength.

The acclimatization to extreme environments and its physiological mechanisms

Acclimatization is a process of biological adaptation when exposed to environmental factors such as hypoxia,cold and heat for prolonged periods of time,where non-genetical variations play a role in allowing subjects to tolerate hypoxic,cold or hot environments.This review focuses on the characteristics and mechanisms of acclimatization found through major research advances by our institute.First,the mechanisms underlying the acclimatization to extreme environments are complex.In our investigations,the physiological changes of multiple systems including the nervous,circulatory,respiratory,and hemopoietic system were demonstrated when the acclimatization to hypoxia was developed,and the underlying significance of hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1) was investigated.Second,it is suggested that the development of acclimatization to extreme environments is complicated.Hypoxia and cold coexist at high altitude.Our investigations revealed the characteristics of negative cross-relationship in the acclimatization to hypoxia and cold.And third,it is interesting for us to understand that acclimatization to extreme environments is transferable among individuals,and the characteristics of heat acclimatizationinducing factor(HAIF) were presented.The above findings will provide a theoretical guidance for protective operations and help to establish a solid foundation for future research related to acclimatization.

Prediction of Cold and Heat Patterns Using Anthropometric Measures Based on Machine Learning

Objective： To examine the association of body shape with cold and heat patterns, to determine which anthropometric measure is the best indicator for discriminating between the two patterns, and to investigate whether using a combination of measures can improve the predictive power to diagnose these patterns. Methods： Based on a total of 4,859 subjects （3,000 women and 1,859 men）, statistical analyses using binary logistic regression were performed to assess the significance of the difference and the predictive power of each anthropometric measure, and binary logistic regression and Naive Bayes with the variable selection technique were used to assess the improvement in the predictive power of the patterns using the combined measures. Results： In women, the strongest indicators for determining the cold and heat patterns among anthropometric measures were body mass index （BMI） and rib circumference; in men, the best indicator was BMI. In experiments using a combination of measures, the values of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in women were 0.776 by Naive Bayes and 0.772 by logistic regression, and the values in men were 0.788 by Naive Bayes and 0.779 by logistic regression. Conclusions： Individuals with a higher BMI have a tendency toward a heat pattern in both women and men. The use of a combination of anthropometric measures can slightly improve the diagnostic accuracy. Our findings can provide fundamental information for the diagnosis of cold and heat patterns based on body shape for personalized medicine.

铁基形状记忆合金力学性能和激活回复性能研究

对研发的铁基形状记忆合金(Fe-based shape memory alloys,Fe-SMA)热轧板和冷轧板的力学性能和激活回复性能进行试验研究,得到了材料的力学性能基本参数和不同激活条件下的回复应力水平。研究发现,Fe-SMA材料具有很高的强度和优异的延展性。Fe-SMA热轧板的弹性模量均值为182GPa,抗拉强度1136MPa,总延伸率45.0%。Fe-SMA冷轧板的弹性模量与热轧板相差不大,但冷轧板抗拉强度和总延伸率有所降低。在不同预拉伸应变与激活温度组合下,Fe-SMA的回复应力水平为165MPa~366MPa,可以满足目前工程应用中针对钢板裂纹修复和梁式结构承载能力提升的加固需求。与热轧板相比,Fe-SMA冷轧板在冷轧处理过程中形状记忆性能变差,反复升温激活过程中累积效应降低,因而热轧Fe-SMA更适用于需要多次激活补偿预应力损失的结构加固应用。Fe-SMA的基本材性指标和激活回复应力水平可以达到国际水准,但造价更低,适合于土木工程领域的加固应用。

3味山姜属中药黄酮类成分对大鼠环核苷酸水平及交感神经-肾上腺轴的影响

目的:观察高良姜、大高良姜、红豆蔻黄酮类成分对胃溃疡寒证大鼠环核苷酸水平及交感神经-肾上腺轴的影响,探讨3味山姜属中药温热药性的物质基础。方法:采用灌服冰知母水煎液与15%冰乙酸制备大鼠胃溃疡寒证模型,以干姜姜辣素为阳性对照,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法测定腺苷酸环化酶(AC)、磷酸二酯酶2(PDE2)、环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)、环磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、多巴胺β羟化酶(D-β-H)含量。结果:与空白组比较,胃溃疡寒证模型组大鼠胃组织AC、cAMP含量及cAMP/cGMP比值显著降低,PDE2含量显著升高(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,高良姜、大高良姜、红豆蔻高低剂量组大鼠胃组织AC含量升高;高良姜、大高良姜、红豆蔻高低剂量组大鼠胃组织PDE2含量显著降低,cAMP含量、cAMP/cGMP比值显著升高(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:3味山姜属中药黄酮类成分通过调节胃溃疡寒证大鼠环核苷酸水平从而促进交感神经-肾上腺轴功能活动的作用,也体现出黄酮类成分药性温热。

基于多维宏观量化方法解读《伤寒论》寒热错杂证组方规律

目的:基于多维宏观量化方法解读《伤寒论》寒热错杂证组方规律。方法:采用量化计算方法对《伤寒论》中7首寒热错杂证代表方药进行四气五味作用度比较,分析方证的寒药热药比例轻重、药物五味偏重及处方整体偏性;运用数学方法设定四气五味计分,并将中药实际剂量转化为标准化相对剂量,通过计算得到四气五味作用度。结果:1)7首方剂的四气作用度量化(偏寒性作用度/偏热性作用度)如黄连汤为32.03%/67.97%。2)7首方剂五味作用度量化(按酸、苦、甘、辛、咸、淡、涩顺序)如乌梅丸分别为12.34%、31.2%、11.54%、35.04%、0、0、9.87%。3)方药按偏温热性到偏寒凉性依次为:黄连汤、半夏泻心汤、麻黄升麻汤、乌梅丸、栀子干姜汤、柴胡桂枝干姜汤、附子泻心汤;偏温热方药适宜寒热错杂证中寒性症状较重者,偏寒凉方药适宜寒热错杂证中热性症状较重者。4)方药五味以辛、苦、甘为主,辛能发散能开宣,苦能敛降能泻火,甘能补益能调和。结论:通过对组方药物气味的整体把握来调理脏腑阴阳升降,维持其五行平衡关系,从而达到阴阳调和的状态,而将方剂功效、作用部位与数学方法结合进行研究可促进中医诊疗的数字化、信息化,临证中可更加精准地把握处方用药与剂量。

基于中药金汁苦寒药性研究粪菌移植干预湿热型溃疡性结肠炎作用机制

目的 探究基于中药金汁苦寒药性粪菌移植(FMT)干预湿热型溃疡性结肠炎(UC)的作用机制。方法 40只小鼠随机分为正常对照组、湿热型模型组、湿热型FMT组和湿热型5-氨基水杨酸(5-ASA)组,各10只,比较各组小鼠体质量、结肠长度、结肠质量、疾病活动指数(DAI)评分及结肠黏膜病理形态学差异,并检测各组小鼠结肠组织中相关细胞因子水平及m RNA表达情况。结果 湿热型FMT组、湿热型5-ASA组体质量、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)和转化生长因子β(TGF-β)水平以及IL-4、IL-10和TGF-β m RNA表达高于湿热型模型组(P <0.05),结肠长度长于湿热型模型组(P <0.05),结肠质量、结肠质量指数、DAI评分、病理评分、干扰素-γ(INF-γ)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)和白细胞介素-17(IL-17)水平以及INF-γ、IL-2和IL-17 m RNA表达低于湿热型模型组(P <0.05)。结论 中药金汁FMT对湿热型UC有一定治疗作用,可能是通过调节免疫系统平衡来发挥作用。

基于中药拉曼谱图的寒热药性判别研究

从中药的整体性出发,开展中药拉曼谱图与其寒热药性的相关性分析,并对中药寒热药性进行统计判别研究。本研究选取寒凉性中药109种、温热性中药128种,共计237种中药;经样品前处理后,利用如海光电SEED 3000近红外拉曼光谱仪进行检测,得到每味中药的拉曼谱图;并对量化后的中药拉曼数据进行特征筛选和统计检验,筛选出与寒热药性密切相关的特征拉曼位移及其峰强,然后基于5种算法进行寒热药性的判别建模。经比较分析发现,相较于其他模型,随机森林(RF)模型展现出最佳的效果,对测试集判别的正确率高于90%,曲线下面积(AUC)和精确度大于0.90。本研究基于大样本量中药的分析,中药的拉曼数据与其寒热药性之间具有显著的相关性,可作为药性表征指标,结合RF算法进行寒热药性的判别分析。

内氧化前处理对AgSnO_(2)In_(2)O_(3)触点材料组织与性能的影响

用冷拉拔和热处理工艺对Ag-Sn-In合金进行预处理,通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、电接触触点材料综合参数测试仪、硬度计等对制备的AgSnO_(2)In_(2)O_(3)电接触材料的组织结构、力学和电学性能进行了表征。研究不同变形量和热处理对AgSnO_(2)In_(2)O_(3)电接触材料内氧化前、后组织及性能的影响。结果表明:55%累计变形量样品内氧化组织表面与芯部均匀性、一致性更高,总质量损耗小于30%累计变形量,接触电阻低且稳定,其在接触电阻和耐电弧侵蚀方面表现出良好的性能,主要归因于内氧化前更大程度的冷变形提高了芯部与表面的组织一致性。在相同累计变形量下,内氧化前进行热处理有利于细化晶粒和得到弥散细小的氧化物,降低材料质量损耗,表现出更低且更稳定的接触电阻,具有低且稳定的燃弧时间、燃弧能量和熔焊力,表现出更优良的灭弧能力和抗熔焊性。

基于“同病异治”原则治疗类风湿性关节炎中药的研究进展

类风湿性关节炎是一种常见的慢性自身免疫性复杂疾病,病因尚不明确,治疗困难,国内常以传统中医药手段将其辨证分型,遵循“同病异治”的原则对其进行治疗。中医药辨证治疗类风湿性关节炎历史悠久,效果显著,同时中药方剂多靶点、多成分的特点使其更有效的缓解各自适应证患者的炎症症状。近年来传统中医药与西医的关联日渐加深,西医技术与手段在中药治疗RA上的广泛应用,不仅使RA不同证型的差异更加清晰,中医辨病更加准确,更在针对类风湿性关节炎适应证的中药方剂在临床、药效、生物学与治疗机制方面的研究取得了较大进展。文章基于中医“同病异治”“辨证分型”的原则,对治疗类风湿性关节炎代表方剂与其研究进展进行综述。

微热辅助低温等离子体杀菌技术对榨菜贮藏期品质劣变的影响

为探讨微热辅助低温等离子体杀菌技术(MH-CPS)在榨菜类发酵蔬菜产品中的适用性,该研究分析了MH-CPS处理后榨菜在贮藏过程中的膜璞腐败进程、理化、微生物以及安全性指标,并与未杀菌(对照)、巴氏杀菌、低温等离子体杀菌和微热杀菌法进行比较。结果表明,MH-CPS可实现与巴氏杀菌相当的杀菌效果,能够完全杀灭真菌尤其是产膜真菌,将细菌和乳酸菌数量分别降低了2.8 lg(CFU/g)和2.6 lg(CFU/g),有效抑制了膜璞腐败现象。此外,MH-CPS能够克服巴氏杀菌引起的榨菜质构软化和色泽褐变,硬度和咀嚼性比巴氏杀菌组提高了34%和44%,在保持产品pH、总酸和还原糖含量的同时,亦可将亚硝酸盐含量降低51%。结果表明,微热辅助低温等离子体杀菌技术对榨菜的品质有一定的改善作用,具有应用于榨菜类发酵蔬菜产品杀菌工艺的潜力。

冷热复合处理对CrN涂层结构及力学性能的影响

为了改善CrN涂层的塑性变形能力,通过增强阴极弧磁控溅射技术在316L不锈钢上制备了CrN涂层。利用管式炉和液氮对CrN涂层分别进行冷处理、热处理以及冷热复合处理。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及纳米压痕仪表征涂层在后处理前后的微观结构、形貌特征、残余应力及力学性能。结果表明:经过后处理的CrN涂层硬度均有小幅度降低,但其塑性变形能力均提高。其中,先热后冷复合处理几乎保持CrN涂层硬度不变(仅降低0.7%),同时提高了其塑性变形能力(提高3.1%),增强了其韧性。