Novel expressed sequence tags of an alpine-cold plant species,Gymnadenia conopsea (Orchidaceae)

Gymnadenia conopsea,an alpine Orchidaceae plant,was one of the widely used Tibetan traditional medicines.In this study,we sequenced total 105 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from a full-length cDNA expression library constructed by the Oligo-capping technique.The further bioinformatic analyses suggested that the 65 represented unique sequences showed high homology to previously identified genes in other plants:30 sequences matched to other uncharacterized expressed sequence tags (ESTs),and 10 sequences showed no good matches to available sequences in DNA databases.Gene ontology annotation by InterProScan indicated that many of these cDNAs (7 percent) have no known molecular functions and may be unique to G.conopsea.Fifty-five ESTs with matched proteins were involved in a series of diverse functions,in which molecular function such as 'binding' (42.9 percent) and 'catalytic activity' (25.0 percent) were the most frequent functions of the cDNAs.This cDNA library provided a critical basis for further investigation of functional genes expression under cold stress in this alpine species.In addition,13 ESTs-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed and can also be used for genotypic identification and for the genetic diversity analysis of G.conopsea and its closely related species.

Ca^(2+)-homeostasis Differs Between Plant Species with Different Cold-tolerance at 4 ℃ Chilling

A comparative study was carried out on the EM_cytochemical localization of calcium and Ca 2+ _ATPase activity in the suspension_cultured cells between the chilling_sensitive maize ( Zea mays L. cv. Black Mexican Sweet) and chilling_insensitive Trititrigia ( Triticum sect. Trititrigia mackey) at 4 ℃ chilling. When maize and Tyititrigia cells were cultured at 26 ℃, electron microscopic observations revealed that the electron_dense calcium antimonate deposits, an indication of the calcium localization, were localized mainly in the vacuoles, and few was found in the cytosol and nuclei. The electron_dense cerium phosphate deposits, an indication of Ca 2+ _ATPase activity, were abundantly distributed on the plasma membrane (PM). When the cells from both species were cultured at 4 ℃ for 1 and 3 h, an elevation of Ca 2+ level in the cytosol and nuclei was observed, whereas the cerium phosphate deposits on the PM showed no quantitative difference from those of the 26 ℃_cultured cells, indicating that the enzymatic activities were not altered during these chilling periods. However, there was a distinct difference in the dynamics of the Ca 2+ distribution and the PM Ca 2+ _ATPase activity between maize and Trititrigia when chilled at 4 ℃ for 12, 24 and 72 h. In maize cells, a large number of Ca 2+ deposits still existed in the cytosol and nuclei, and the PM Ca 2+ _ATPase became less and less active, and even inactive at all. In Trititrigia cells, the increased cytosolic and nuclear Ca 2+ ions decreased after 12 h chilling. By chilling up to 24 and 72 h, the intracellular Ca 2+ concentration had been restored to a similar low level as those of the warm temperature_cultured cells, while the activity of the PM Ca 2+ _ATPase maintained high. The transient cytosolic and nuclear Ca 2+ increase and the activities of PM Ca 2+ _ATPase during chilling are discussed in relation to plant cold hardiness.

Determination of Elements by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry in Medicinal Plants Employed to Alleviate Common Cold Symptoms

Eleven important medicinal plants generally used by the people of Turkey for the treatment of common cold have been studied for their mineral contents.Eleven minor and major elements(essential,non-essential and toxic)were identified in the Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L.,Althaea officinalis L.,Verbascum phlomoides L.,Euphorbia chamaesyce L.,Zizyphus jujube Miller,Peganum harmala L.,Arum dioscoridis Sm.,Sambucus nigra L.,Piper longum L.,Tussilago farfara L.and Elettaria cardamomum Maton by employing flame atomic absorption and emission spectrometry and electro-thermal atomic absorption spectrometry.Microwave digestion procedure for total concentration was applied under optimized conditions for dissolution of medicinal plants.Plant based biological certified reference materials(CRMs)served as standards for quantification.These elements are found to be present in varying concentrations in the studied plants.The baseline data presented in this work can be used in understanding the role of essential,non-essential and toxic elements in nutritive,preventive and therapeutic properties of medicinal plants.

THE STUDIES OF THE PLANT COLD－RESISTER AND ITS APPLICATION IN RECE SEEDLING RAISING

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Research and Analysis on the Principle in Plant Cold Recycling for Foamed Bitumen and Mixture Performance

The early asphalt pavement in our country severely reduced the road performance due to various external factors during the use process.According to incomplete statistics,there are more asphalt pavements that need to be renovated and repaired every year in China,and the amount of construction waste such as asphalt concrete and other construction waste reaches 1,000.About ten thousand tons.If such a huge amount of construction waste is not used,it will inevitably cause great pollution to the environment.If it can be reused,not only will it be environmentally friendly and energy-saving,it will also save more than one billion yuan in costs.In view of the above problems,this article conducts related Research and Analysis on the Principle in Plant Cold Recycling for Foamed Bitumen and Mixture Performance to provide reference for future projects.

A Review of the Methods of Identifying and Testing Plant Cold Resistance

Low-tempemture stress is a major abiotic stress influencing plant growth, economic yield and quality worldwide. Precise and reliable identification and test of plant cold resistance is a foundation for exploring low-temperature damages, cold resistance mechanism of plants, cultivating and innovating quality cold-re- sistant germplasm resources, which is rather important for woody plants because their perennial and large-sized characteristics. Generally, most researches on plant cold-resistant physiology focused on identification and utilization of cold resistance worldwide, and a few on test methods of cold resistance, but cold resistance mechanism has been less reported. Therefore, researches on methods of identifying and testing plant resistance have achieved considerable progress, accumulated much experience and formed characteristics gradually in terms of methodology. Current methods of identifying plant cold resistance include open field/outdoor culti- vation evaluation, cold and frost damage investigation, simulated cold weather, and mathematical model forecast. And the methods of testing plant cold resistance include growth condition test, frozen index investigation, electrolyte leakage, bioelectrical impedance mapping and so on. Synthesizing the methods of identifying and testing plant cold resistance should be a key matter in the present and future researches and application of plant cold resistance physiology, improvement and in- novation of the identification and test will be an important direction of the future researches. Identification and test of plant cold resistance based on genomies, meta- bonomics and proteomics should be the new trend of the researches on physiology and ecology of plant cold resistance.

Applications of cold atmospheric plasmas(CAPs)in agriculture:a brief review and the novel development of a radio-frequency CAP jet generator for plant mutation

Cold atmospheric plasmas(CAPs)have shown great applicability in agriculture.Many kinds of CAP sources have been studied in agricultural applications to promote plant growth and cure plant diseases.We briefly review the state-of-the-art stimulating effects of atmospheric-pressure dielectricbarrier-discharge(AP-DBD)plasmas,after the direct or indirect treatment of plants for growth promotion and disease control.We then discuss the special demands on the characteristics of the CAP sources for their applications in plant mutation breeding.An atmospheric and room temperature plasma(ARTP)jet generator with a large plasma irradiation area,a high enough concentration of chemically reactive species and a low gas temperature is designed for direct plant mutagenesis.Experimental measurements of the electrical,thermal and optical features of the ARTP generator are conducted.Then,an ARTP-P(ARTP for plant mutagenesis)mutation breeding machine is developed,and a typical case of plant mutation breeding by the ARTP-P mutation machine is presented using Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.seeds.Physical and agricultural experiments show that the newly-developed ARTP-P mutation breeding machine with a large irradiation area can generate uniform CAP jets with high concentrations of chemically reactive species and mild gas temperatures,and have signiflcant mutagenesis effects on the Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.seeds.The ARTP-P mutation breeding machine may provide a platform for systematic studies on mutation mechanisms and results for various plant seeds under different operating conditions in future research.

低温胁迫下水稻孕穗期幼穗的转录组动态分析

为深入了解寒地水稻孕穗期耐低温机理,明确低温应答的分子机制,本研究对孕穗期耐冷性强的水稻品种龙粳25(LG25)的幼穗进行低温胁迫转录组动态分析。通过测序,共获得515.26 Mb的Clean Reads,筛选获得6927个差异表达基因(DEGs)。其中,低温处理2 d时,获得6784个DEGs;低温处理4 d后,DEGs显著减少,仅获得1149个。GO富集分析表明,韦恩图各部分的上调和下调基因分别显著富集到33个生物进程GO类别,其中包含基因数最多的类别为单生物代谢过程,低温应答和高温应答在LG25的韦恩图各部分富集最多。KEGG富集分析表明,韦恩图各部分DEGs共富集到32条信号通路,其中植物激素信号转导通路在韦恩图各部分显著富集最多,共包含83个DEGs,分布在脱落酸、生长素、油菜素内酯、细胞分裂素、赤霉素、乙烯、茉莉酸、水杨酸等8个激素通路中,以生长素、脱落酸和水杨酸等激素包含的DEGs较多,分别为26个、17个和15个。

种植方式对寒地水稻抗倒伏性状的影响

为了探索不同种植方式对寒地水稻抗倒伏能力的影响,以‘龙粳21’和‘龙稻18’为试材,比较研究了水直播、旱直播和插秧栽培模式下水稻的抗倒伏特性。种植方式对寒地水稻的抗倒伏特性有显著影响,但两品种表现不一致。其中,‘龙粳21’N1至N4节间的倒伏指数为插秧>水直播>旱直播,单茎抗推力为旱直播>插秧>水直播。‘龙稻18’N1、N3和N4节间的倒伏指数为插秧>旱直播>水直播,N2节间为旱直播>插秧>水直播,单茎抗推力均为水直播>插秧>旱直播。相关分析表明,提高寒地水稻抗倒伏能力应适当降低株高、重心高度和N1、N2节间的长度,不宜攻大穗。在寒地稻区,通过选择适宜的品种及合理地构建多穗和小穗的群体结构,既利于直播稻获得较高的产量,也有利于提高抗倒伏性。

黄河上游高寒沙地生态经济型治沙植物筛选评价

为助推黄河上游高寒区乡村振兴工作,在调查黄河上游沙生植物种质资源的基础上,采用层次分析法,从适应能力、扩繁能力、生态价值和经济价值4个方面确定地带性乡土植物、自然分布海拔、自然分布坡向等21个评价指标,构建黄河上游高寒沙地生态经济型治沙植物筛选层次结构模型,从22种具有经济价值的乡土治沙植物中筛选出沙棘、金露梅、银露梅、变叶海棠、垂穗披碱草、高山羊茅、高山绣线菊和窄叶鲜卑花等8种优良生态经济型治沙植物,为黄河上游高寒沙地植被恢复治沙植物选择提供科学依据。

14种青藏高原草本植物的萌发特征对不同温度与水势的响应

随着全球气候不断变暖,青藏高原地区生态环境十分脆弱。研究这一区域温度和水分条件对野生牧草草种萌发活动的影响并以此为依据筛选适宜作为生态恢复的草种是稳定和恢复生态屏障功能的基础条件。通过PEG-6000调节渗透势模拟土壤干旱情况同时用10和20℃分别模拟青藏高原春季和夏季温度,研究14种青藏高原乡土草本植物在不同温度和水势下的萌发行为。结果表明:供试植物萌发策略具有多样化,大部分植物在不同温度和水势下萌发策略表现在发芽率增减的同时伴随萌发时间和萌发速率指数的变化且变化程度不一。有50%的植物(7种)在萌发时间上变化显著(P<0.05),在发芽率和萌发速率指数上呈弱响应,28.6%的植物(4种)三者的变幅都较大。个别植物表现不同,木根香青(Anaphalis xylorhiza)显著表现在发芽率和萌发时间上,劲直黄耆(Astragalus strictus)三者都呈弱响应,藏西蝇子草(Silene moorcroftiana)表现为发芽率和萌发时间较敏感。整体上植物种子在20℃时发芽率和萌发速率明显升高,随水势的增高而有所提高,较水势而言温度对萌发率的作用更显著,12种植物种子20℃萌发时间显著缩短8~10 d。不同科植物对水热变化响应不同,供试植物中菊科、石竹科植物萌发表现较好。多数植物可在青藏高原地区夏季水分条件较好时作为建植草种进行生态恢复工作,藏沙嵩(Artemisia wellbyi)也可在夏季建植,藏西蝇子草、矮火绒草(Leontopodium nanum)、木根香青可在春季作为建植草种。

寄主植物对南亚果实蝇过冷却点和体液冰点的影响

南亚果实蝇Zeugodacus tau(Walker)是一种世界性的重要检疫害虫,严重危害多种水果和瓜菜。为明确寄主植物对南亚果实蝇耐寒性的影响,本文利用过冷却点仪,对取食苦瓜Momordica charantia L.、黄瓜Cucumis sativus L.、丝瓜Luffa aegyptiaca Miller和杧果Mangifera indica L.的南亚果实蝇5个发育阶段的过冷却点和体液冰点进行了测定。结果显示:每一组寄主植物上的5个发育阶段中,南亚果实蝇5日龄蛹的过冷却点和体液冰点均为最低,显著低于1日龄蛹、幼虫和成虫;不同寄主南亚果实蝇同一发育阶段的过冷却点和体液冰点存在显著差异,均值分别为-23.97~-8.06℃和-14.02~-0.59℃,其中取食苦瓜的南亚果实蝇5日龄蛹过冷却点和体液冰点最低,均值分别为-23.97℃和-14.02℃,但与黄瓜无显著差异;4种寄主中老熟幼虫、1日龄蛹、1日龄雌成虫和5日龄雌成虫过冷却点均为取食黄瓜最低;杧果种群1日龄雌成虫过冷却点最高,均值为-7.47℃,苦瓜种群老熟幼虫体液冰点最高,均值为-0.59℃。本研究有助于了解寄主对南亚果实蝇耐寒力的影响,这对其越冬种群动态监测及防控具有重要指导意义。

播量和插秧密度互作对寒地水稻生长发育和产量的影响

试验在大田条件下,以垦稻1725为试验材料,设置干籽125 g/盘(S1)、干籽70 g/盘(S2)两个水平及行株距为30 cm×12 cm(P1)、30 cm×10 cm(P2)、25 cm×12 cm(P3)和25 cm×10 cm(P4)四个水平,分析不同播量和插秧密度互作下寒地水稻秧苗素质、茎蘖动态、干物质积累和产量构成特征及其关系。结果表明:不同播量下,S2处理秧苗素质高于S1处理。播量与插秧密度交互作用下,各处理组合对水稻干物质积累量、产量及其构成因素的影响存在明显或显著互作效应,以播量70 g/盘、行株距30 cm×10 cm(S2P2)处理产量最好,产量达748.62 kg/667 m^(2)。在同一密度下,S2处理产量高于S1处理。在同一播量下,稀播处理产量最好的为S2P2处理,密播处理产量最好的为S1P3处理。综合分析表明,种植垦稻1725稀播育壮秧,稀播建议30 cm×10 cm插秧密度,提高后期分蘖及干物质积累量,增加产量;如是密播弱苗,建议25 cm×12 cm插秧密度,增加平方米基本苗数,提高产量。

四种润楠属植物在荆州市的越冬表现

对4种润楠属(Machilus Nees)植物进行越冬耐寒性比较试验,比较越冬前后叶片所受冻害程度,测定越冬前后各叶片的电导率、可溶性蛋白质含量、过氧化物酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性以及游离脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量和叶片中色素含量等生理指标。结果表明,经过自然低温后,小果润楠(Machilus microcarpa)受冻害程度最轻,能够成功越冬,而宜昌润楠(Machilus ichangensis)、凤凰润楠(Machilus phoenicis)以及长梗润楠(Machilus duthiei)受冻害损伤程度较大。综合评价表明4种润楠的耐寒性表现为小果润楠>长梗润楠>凤凰润楠>宜昌润楠。

高寒高海拔区大型光伏电站场地冻融侵蚀强度分区评价

当前大型光伏电场逐步向高寒高海拔地区发展,为准确评价高寒高海拔区的冻融侵蚀灾害对大型光伏电站安全运营的影响,依托高寒高海拔区某大型光伏电站工程,通过选取合适的环境因子开展研究区冻融侵蚀强度的初步计算,并耦合人类工程量化指标提出具有针对性与合理性的光伏场地冻融侵蚀强度评价模型,探讨了多环境因子和人类工程条件下的冻融侵蚀强度与其空间分布。结果表明,该光伏场址冻融侵蚀状况总体上属于中度侵蚀,其冻融侵蚀强度分布具有一定的集中性与空间分异性,且其空间分布格局主要受地形、气候和植被因素影响。同时,光伏电站的建设对场地冻融侵蚀强度具有一定的削弱作用,研究成果可为类似大型工程的冻融侵蚀评价提供参考和借鉴。

改性乳化沥青冷再生技术及设备改进分析

在我国经济建设稳步推进的背景下,交通运输线路肩负着重要的功能作用,为解决路面损坏的问题,缓解其对于出行与运输安全造成的阻碍,该文提出改性乳化沥青冷再生技术的应用,其作为一种新型的路面翻修施工技术具有显著的优势。通过对改性乳化沥青冷再生技术的分析,对该技术工艺与设备进行全面了解,由此得出改性乳化沥青冷再生技术及设备改进具体性能结论,为沥青路面施工创造出更好的经济效益。

严寒地区工厂附加性外窗保温层性能研究

为建筑外窗附加保温层的手段是降低采暖期间建筑热负荷的重要途径之一,具有较强的节能潜力。以严寒地区典型单层工业厂房为研究对象,应用DesignBuilder能耗模拟软件对附加外窗保温层后的供暖季热负荷、外窗得失热情况和室温变化情况进行仿真,揭示了保温层材料、保温层附加时间对建筑能耗的影响;全时段为外窗附加PVC防寒膜的节能效果最优,热负荷降低7.2%,通过外窗的热量损失减少31.6%,并具有明显的性价比;夜间附加EPS保温板时室内热环境最稳定,其最佳厚度为33mm,但经济成本相对较高。研究结果可为严寒地区工业厂房的外窗保温提供数据支撑和理论依据。

泡沫沥青厂拌冷再生混合料在G228国道的应用

泡沫沥青厂拌冷再生技术具有环保性强、造价低的特点,同时具有抗车辙强、高温稳定性好等优点,阐述了该技术的应用情况,通过对研究项目路面病害的检测及路面、路基状态的分析,并从原材料配合比、沥青发泡特性、最佳含水量、沥青用量、改造后路况检测等方面进行了研究探讨,使用该技术改造后的路面使用状况良好,发展前景十分广阔。

不同区域和海拔高山寒漠带垫状植物覆盖下表层土壤的主要理化性质

【目的】垫状植物能通过改善土壤理化性质来影响寒漠带生态系统物种多样性和稳定性。然而,高山寒漠带垫状植物对土壤理化性质的改善是否具有普遍性目前还不清楚。【方法】选择白马雪山垭口(BM)、昆仑山口(KL)、祁连山七一冰川(QL)和乌鲁木齐河源区(TS)的典型高山垫状植物群落为研究对象,分析优势高山垫状植物下土壤理化性质(pH值、电导率、有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮和速效磷)与开放区域的差异性。【结果】与开放区域相比,垫状植物的存在能够明显改善土壤的pH值,在酸性较大的土壤中,垫状植物能增加pH值(BM2:5.38增加到7.10),而在碱性较高的土壤中,垫状植物的存在能明显降低土壤的pH值(KL、QL和TS的样地中pH值降低幅度为5.78%~12.77%;P<0.05)。除了全磷和速效磷在TS的3个样地中显著低于开放区域外,垫状植物的覆盖显著改善了土壤的养分状况(电导率和养分含量),测定的各个养分指标均高于开放区域,且多数土壤养分指标的增加较为显著(P<0.05)。以土壤有机质含量为例,4个研究区的12个高山垫状植物群落中,垫状植物覆盖下土壤的有机质含量最低增加了36.89%(BM1),最高增加了981.91%(QL2)。【结论】尽管不同气候带的土壤理化性质差异较大,但垫状植物对其冠层下土壤的改良效应具有普遍性。作为高山寒漠带植物群落的关键种,高山垫状植物对土壤环境的这种改善作用可能是其维持冰缘带脆弱生态系统物种多样性的基础。

厂拌冷再生路面基层减排分析及敏感性要素研究

本文依托真实项目施工组织与台账数据,建立了全寿命周期计算模型,对比了厂拌冷再生技术与其替代的基准技术——传统的ATB-25型沥青稳定碎石基层施工方案的减碳量,分析了筑路材料、能源燃料的碳排放因子以及材料运距的敏感性。结果发现,相比于传统的ATB-25基层方案,厂拌冷再生基层方案能够在混合料生产、拌和等阶段可极大地减少碳排放量,减排率约为21.1%,减排效益显著,水泥、乳化沥青的排放因子与原材料运距是敏感因素。