Nonlinear Study on the Mechanical Performance of Built-Up Cold-Formed Steel Concrete-Filled Columns under Compression

Given their numerous functional and architectural benefits,such as improved bearing capacity and increased resistance to elastic instability modes,cold-formed steel(CFS)built-up sections have become increasingly developed and used in recent years,particularly in the construction industry.This paper presents an analytical and numerical study of assembled CFS two single channel-shaped columns with different slenderness and configurations(backto-back,face-to-face,and box).These columns were joined by double-row rivets for the back-to-back and box configurations,whereas they were welded together for the face-to-face design.The built-up columns were filled with ordinary concrete of good strength.Finite element models were applied,using ABAQUS software,to assess mechanical performance and study the influence of assembly techniques on the behavior of cold-formed columns under axial compression.Analytical approaches based on Eurocode 3 and Eurocode 4 recommendations for un-filled and concrete-filled columns respectively were followed for the numerical analysis,and concrete confinement effects were also considered per American Concrete Institute(ACI)standards for face-to-face and box configurations.The obtained results indicated a good correlation between the numerical results and the proposed analytical methodology which did not exceed 8%.The failure modes showed that the columns failed due to instabilities such as local and global buckling.

Numerical Analysis of Cold-Formed Thin-Walled Steel Short Columns with Pitting Corrosion during Bridge Construction

Pitting corrosion is harmful during bridge construction,which will lead to uneven roughness of steel surfaces and reduce the thickness of steel.Hence,the effect of pitting corrosion on the mechanical properties of cold-formed thin-walled steel stub columns is studied,and the empirical formulas are established through regression fitting to predict the ultimate load of web and flange under pitting corrosion.In detail,the failure modes and load-displacement curves of specimens with different locations,area ratios,and depths are obtained through a large number of non-linear finite element analysis.As for the specimens with pitting corrosion on the web,all the specimens are subject to local buckling failure,and the failure mode will not change with pitting corrosion,but the failure location will change with pitting corrosion location;the size,location,and area ratio of pitting corrosion have little influence on the ultimate load of cold-formed thin-walled steel short columns,but the loss rate of pitting corrosion section area has a greater impact on the ultimate bearing capacity.As for the specimen with flange pitting corrosion,the location and area ratio of pitting corrosion have less influence on the ultimate load of cold-formed thin-walled steel short columns,and the section area loss rate has greater influence on the ultimate bearing capacity;the impact of web pitting corrosion on the ultimate load is greater than that of flange pitting corrosion under the same condition of pitting corrosion section area.The prediction formulas of limit load which are suitable for pitting corrosion of web and flange are established,which can provide a reference for performance evaluation of corroded cold-formed thin-walled steel.

基于SILL的阿拉伯留学生在华英语学习策略实证研究

我国高校阿拉伯留学生的数量不断增加,英语作为其日常学习交流的主要语言,重要性不言而喻。通过Oxford语言学习策略量表(SILL),对阿拉伯留学生英语学习过程中的元认知、认知、社交、补偿、情感、记忆等六个方面策略的使用频率,了解阿拉伯留学生在我国这样的非英语国家进行专业课程学习时的英语学习策略,结果发现元认知策略是最常用的策略,而记忆策略很少被主动用到。因此,在英语课堂上,教师可以考虑充分调动学生的积极性,使其日常所用和所学相结合,进一步提升学习效果。

Some Advances in the Application of Weathering and Cold-Formed Steel in Transmission Tower

Application of weathering and cold-formed steel in transmission lines can reduce steel consumption and environmental pollution. Some advances in the studies on the weathering and cold-formed steel in transmission tower are introduced. Firstly, corrosion-resistant tests of weathering steel samples under different simulating technical atmospheres were carried out separately for 240 hours. It shows that the corrosion degree of joint samples is higher than that of single chip samples, and the corrosion-resistant performance of weathering steel is superior to common carbon steel. The corrosion-resistance of weathering steel meets with the requirement of transmission tower. Secondly, experiments and finite element analysis for cold-formed angles and a 220kV prototype tower were completed, and the stability coeffi-cient fitting curves as well as the modification formulas of slenderness ratio for cold-formed members were determined. According to the structural characteristics of transmission towers, four sections of cold-formed angles with different sections and slenderness ratios were selected in this study. The finite element model well predicted the buckling behav-iour of the cold-formed members. Ultimate loads calculating by the fitting curve were well agreed to the experimental values, especially for the members with small slenderness ratios. Weight of the cold-formed steel tower can be reduced by more than 5 percent after considering the strength enhancement. Cost of the weathering and cold-formed steel transmission tower is nearly equivalent to that of hot-rolled steel tower with hot galvanizing.

Corner strength enhancement of high strength cold-formed steel at normal room and elevated temperatures

In this study, the suitability of current design methods for the 0.2% proof yield strength of the comer regions for high strength cold-formed steel at normal room temperature was investigated. The current standard predictions are generally accurate for outer comer specimen but conservative for inner comer specimen. Based on the experimental results, an analytical model to predict the comer strength of high strength cold-formed steel at normal room temperature was also proposed. The comparison indicated that the proposed model predicted well the comer strength of high strength cold-formed steel not only at normal room temperature but also at elevated temperatures. It is shown that the predictions obtained from the proposed model agree well with the test results. Generally the comer strength enhancement of high strength cold-formed steel decreases when the temperature increases.

Mechanical Properties of Two Kinds of New Cold-Formed Flange-Closed Welding Section Members

The hollow flange beam(HFB) is a unique cold-formed steel section developed in Australia for use as a flexural member.It′s a particular cross section with two torsion rigid closed triangular flanges and a comparatively flexible web,and it is a type of high efficient cross section.This paper presents two kinds of new cold-formed flange-closed welding sections named HF1 and HF2 according to different section component and parameters of HFB.Nonlinear finite element method has been adopted to investigate the mechanical properties such as buckling mode,deformation process,rigidity,ductility and correlation curve of two kinds of new section members which being subjected to axial compression,flexure,combined compression and bending.Systematical comparisons of the consumed steel quantities of per unit load carrying capacity between new section members and the same section dimensions of cold-formed C-section members have been carried out.Some conclusions can be drawn from above work that the new sections have some superior properties including higher load carrying capacity and section modulus,sufficient section stiffness,and difficult occurrence for the sub element local buckling.The new sections are suitable for bearing flexure,compression,combined compression and bending.The new sections′ consumed steel quantities of per unit load carrying capacity are almost half as those of the same dimension C-section members′.The experimental investigation is carried out further on the new cold-formed flange-closed welding section members and can be used in the practical engineering.

从华北燕辽岩床群到哥伦比亚超大陆巨型裂谷系——燕辽大火成岩省近20年研究回顾与展望

近20年的研究工作表明,华北克拉通北部燕辽地区侵入到中元古代沉积地层中的大规模辉绿岩床群构成了一个1.32 Ga的基性大火成岩省。该大火成岩省与华北克拉通西北缘白云鄂博矿区富稀土-铌火成碳酸岩相伴生。大火成岩省、沉积地层对比和古地磁资料研究结果表明,燕辽大火成岩省与北澳大利亚克拉通代理姆-加里温库大火成岩省是被大陆裂解分割开来的同一个基性大火成岩省的组成部分,显示1.8~1.3 Ga期间华北克拉通北-北东缘与北澳大利亚克拉通北缘在哥伦比亚(奴那)超大陆中长期相邻(连)。全球1.4~1.3 Ga大火成岩省及基性岩浆活动的时空分布及其岩石学、地球化学及同位素组成对比研究显示,这些全球广泛分布的大火成岩省或基性岩浆活动主要形成于裂谷环境。结合1.4 Ga左右哥伦比亚超大陆古地理重建结果,发现在哥伦比亚超大陆中存在沿劳伦(北美+格陵兰)克拉通西缘、西伯利亚克拉通西缘及北缘、波罗地克拉通东南缘、西非克拉通西缘及北缘、亚马逊克拉通西南缘、刚果/圣弗朗西斯科克拉通南缘及东缘、卡拉哈里克拉通东缘、华北克拉通北缘及北澳大利亚克拉通北缘分布,长度>15000 km的巨型裂谷系。该巨型裂谷系由一个主裂谷带和三个分支裂谷组成,其中主裂谷带和位于华北与北澳大利亚克拉通之间的分支裂谷发展成了大洋,并导致了大陆分离;而位于西伯利亚东缘、格陵兰北缘和波罗地东缘的1.38 Ga分支裂谷,以及位于北美北缘和西伯利亚西南缘的1.35~1.32 Ga分支裂谷则为夭折裂谷,未导致大陆裂离。这一巨型裂谷系是哥伦比亚超大陆裂解的重要标志,并可能是其最终裂解的最主要原因。另外,研究结果也显示,虽然全球两个最大规模的火成碳酸岩型稀土矿床,即华北克拉通西北缘的白云鄂博超大型稀土矿床和北美克拉通西缘的Mountain Pass超大型稀土矿床在哥伦比亚超大陆中并不相邻(相连),但却可以通过1.4~1.3 Ga巨型裂谷系相联系起来,显示这一巨型裂谷系控制了白云鄂博和Mountain Pass大型稀土矿床的形成,并具有较好的稀土及金属成矿潜力。未来需要进一步加强燕辽辉绿岩床群侵位机制与岩浆补给系统,岩床侵位过程中温室气体排放量定量估算及其环境效应,哥伦比亚超大陆中1.4~1.3 Ga巨型裂谷系的形成机制、深部动力学背景、环境效应及资源能源潜力等方面的研究。

低弗劳德数条件下尾坎坡度对消力池内流场结构的影响

低水头、大流量条件下泄洪,易形成低弗劳德数水流,对下游河床和边坡造成冲刷风险。基于某水利枢纽工程,采用数值模拟的方法,应用RNG k-ε数值模型,研究了不同尾坎坡度体型下消力池内低弗劳德数水跃的流场特征。研究结果表明:低弗劳德数来流条件下,消力池内形成的淹没式水跃沿水流方向可分为核心区、发展区和回流区;核心区在水深方向上按流速特性又分为射流内层、射流外层、旋滚内层和旋滚外层;不同尾坎坡度的消力池中,均遵循时均压强沿程增大、临底流速自收缩断面后沿程减小的规律;尾坎坡度变陡会使得水跃的旋滚起始断面向上游移动,旋滚终止断面向下游移动,从而使得旋滚长度增大;当尾坎坡度为1∶3时,尾坎斜坡段临底流速梯度为0,当尾坎坡度小于1∶3时,尾坎斜坡段临底流速梯度为负,当坡度大于1∶3时,流速梯度为正,其原因是尾坎坡度变陡使得尾坎对水体的阻力在平行于尾坎坡面方向的分量减小,从而使得流速梯度逐渐增大。研究成果可为类似工程中消力池的设计选型提供参考。

SILLS软件在单个萤石流体包裹体LA-ICP-MS微量元素分析数据处理中的应用

近年来激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)应用于单个流体包裹体成分定量分析已成为研究流体包裹体的最佳手段之一。该实验过程和数据处理比较复杂,目前国内外采用的数据分析软件为一款基于MATLAB的SILLS软件,该软件主要是对矿物(锆石)、流体包裹体以及熔体包裹体LA-ICP-MS分析结果进行处理。本文以萤石流体包裹体LA-ICP-MS分析为例,阐述了样品制备与流体包裹体的优选方法,对流体包裹体片厚度以及单个流体包裹体的选取要求作了详细描述,对仪器参数设置、内外标样选取和剥蚀方法等进行了说明。基于SILLS软件采用尖峰消除的方法对待处理数据进行校正,对不同种类型的波峰进行峰宽的选取。在元素比值校正和等效盐度计算过程中,由于被测样品是萤石,Ca元素具有较高的背景值,选择以Na作为流体包裹体的内标元素,以Ca作为寄主矿物的内标元素对寄主矿物浓度进行计算,同时提出以电价平衡代替质量平衡进行等效盐度计算。以上方案提高了LA-ICP-MS分析单个萤石流体包裹体的准确性,有助于解释成矿流体来源和矿床成因等问题。

基于模型试验的齿坎型重力锚抗滑机制

为了探究齿坎型重力式锚碇的承载特性与抗滑机制,依托贵州省牂牁江特大桥纳雍岸重力式锚碇工程,开展了相同试验条件下平底锚碇1/4埋深、齿坎锚碇1/4埋深、平底锚碇半埋深及齿坎锚碇半埋深四种工况的室内物理模型试验,并对各工况锚碇位移-荷载曲线、锚碇-地基接触应力、地基应变及地基宏观变形破坏特征进行分析。结果表明:四种工况锚碇模型的极限承载力分别为3P(平底1/4埋深)、4P(齿坎1/4埋深)、7P(平底半埋深)和8P(齿坎半埋深);同种型式锚碇模型增大埋深可以显著提升锚碇的承载能力,同等埋深条件下齿坎型重力式锚碇承载性能要优于平底重力式锚碇;齿坎构造能够充分调动地基联合承载;基于地基的宏观变形破坏特征将其变形破坏过程划分为无裂隙、裂隙初现、裂隙发展以及破坏四个阶段;对齿坎型重力式锚碇承力过程进行了力学分析,得出齿坎构造力学特性较好,对限制锚碇变位和提高锚碇承载能力作用明显。

缓坡泄洪放空洞掺气坎水力特性试验分析

高速水流掺气是减免流道空蚀破坏的有效措施,然而在缓底坡、大水位变幅条件下,常规掺气坎难以形成稳定无积水的掺气空腔。本文在缓底坡(3.3%)条件下,采用模型试验方法,对比分析了常规连续坎、异型坎及组合坎的水流特性和掺气效果,认为Fr数、掺气坎坡度与水舌落点处底板坡度是影响水流入射角的主要因素;在此底坡条件下,掺气坎尺寸变化的影响要远大于体型变化的影响,采用异型掺气坎亦难有效解决掺气空腔积水问题;经依托工程模型试验论证,组合坎掺气流态良好,适应大变幅的运行水头,可较好地改善缓底坡空腔回流积水问题。

牂牁江特大桥重力锚承载机制与稳定性研究

依托牂牁江特大桥纳雍侧重力锚工程,采用FLAC3D三维数值模拟与理论分析相结合的研究方法,模拟了超载条件下锚碇-地基系统的力学响应,分析了锚碇变位、齿坎夹持岩体剪切承载特征、塑性区演化规律及系统的稳定性,揭示了重力锚结构-地基联合承载机制。结果表明:纳雍侧重力锚的极限承载力为6P;锚碇在缆力荷载作用下发生变位,进而通过基底摩擦及齿坎夹持效应调动周围地基岩体共同承载,且调动岩体承载的顺序为从基底向上逐级调动各级齿坎,齿坎夹持部分的岩体则是通过抗剪作用提供被动抗力;理论分析和数值模拟结果均表明,同时考虑摩擦和齿坎夹持效应时,工程设计缆力荷载作用下锚碇-地基系统的稳定性系数可达6.0以上,远大于仅考虑摩擦效应时的稳定性系数。

消力坎对跌坎消力池坎控水跃影响的试验研究

跌坎消力池的设计一直是水利工程领域的热点问题,设计合理的消力池可以保证在短距离内有相当大的消能。笔者通过模型试验研究了跌坎消力池中不同高度和不同位置的消力坎对坎控水跃的影响,并与不加消力坎时消力池内相同水跃流态进行对比。结果表明:增设消力坎可有效缩短越长,减小共轭水深比,增大水跃消能率。随着消力坎距跃首距离的减小或者消力坎高度的增加,消力坎在减小水跃长、共轭水深比,增大消能率方面的作用越来越大。同时经过无量纲分析得出了消力坎设置在不同位置和高度条件下,相对水跃长度、共轭水深比和消能率的经验公式。该研究结果可为类似水工建筑物的设计提供参考。

岸边取水口导沙坎防沙效果数值模拟研究

为解决岸边取水口前泥沙淤积问题,探究不同导沙坎防沙效果。基于RNG k-ε湍流模型和质量粒子模型,建立了雅砻江锦屏二级水电站取水口区域的水流和泥沙运动三维数学模型,模拟结果与现场实测结果吻合较好。进一步模拟了设置单一导沙坎和组合式导沙坎后取水口区域的水流和泥沙运动过程,结果表明:在取水口前加设单一导沙坎能够改变底层水流流向,但防沙效果有限;加设组合式导沙坎后,河流底部大部分水流流向下游,中层和表层水流竖轴回流消失,进入取水口的水流宽度显著增加。组合式导沙坎能够生成连续较强的螺旋流,可以有效防止河床泥沙颗粒向取水口运动,同时将上层清水引入取水口,达到较为理想的引清、防沙效果。本研究可为岸边取水工程的设计提供参考。

SILL语言学习策略量表的信度研究

SILL语言学习策略量表在语言学习策略研究中被大量的使用。针对其在中国使用的具体情况对该量袁的信度进行了探索性的研究,以期对SILL语言学习策略量表在中国大学生中的使用提供更为可靠的依据。

桐柏南缘镁铁质岩席的年代学及地球化学特征:对扬子北缘早奥陶世拉张事件的启示

南秦岭地区古生代岩浆岩以早志留世基性—碱性岩浆岩为主,而缺乏奥陶纪及以前的古生代岩浆记录(Dong Yunpeng et al.,2021),这严重制约了对南秦岭早古生代早期构造演化的理解,尤其是对勉略洋开启时间的认识。镁铁质岩席通常被认为是大陆岩石圈伸展条件下岩浆作用的产物,是研究区域构造—岩浆事件性质和意义的重要对象(Zhao Junhong et al.,2010)。

SILL在少数民族地区初中英语学生中的应用

本文综述国内外学者对学习策略的理解,以Oxford(1990)语言学习测量表(Strategy Inventory for Language Learning)为测量工具,以民族地区某中学初三年级学生为研究对象,探讨了三个问题,即该校初三年级学生使用英语学习策略特征,分析SILL信度差异及英语学习策略与初三年级英语毕业考试成绩之间的关系。笔者同时提出如何因地制宜地运用学习策略,提高少数民族地区中学英语教学质量的建设性意见。

泸定大渡河桥重力锚碇基础形式研究

第四纪冰期形成的冰碛土在中国西部广泛分布,其力学性质好,覆盖深厚。该文以泸定大渡河桥为依托,通过理论分析和数值模拟研究了将冰碛土作为重力锚基础的地基持力层时,不同基础形式对锚碇稳定性的影响,得出带齿坎的斜向扩大基础是一种既受力良好又经济的基础形式,可为西部建设类似工程提供借鉴。

电动车侧面柱碰撞电池包性能优化

本文针对某电动车在侧面柱碰撞中出现的电池包内部电芯和冷却系统变形较大的问题,以及碰撞中存在漏液起火爆炸的风险进行了分析。针对这些问题,提出了相关的优化方案,并通过整车碰撞仿真分析进行了验证。优化后,整车的变形侵入明显降低,电池包内部电芯和冷却系统的变形侵入也得到了改善。电芯、冷却系统的受力分别从10.8 kN、9 kN降低到4.8 kN、3.5 kN,电芯和冷却系统基本无明显变形,电池包碰撞后的风险问题得到了改善。

大扩散角二级消力池水流结构的调控方法

针对每侧扩散角均为12°的二级消力池在中低水位时翼墙附近易产生大范围回流区致使主流居中的问题,基于物理模型试验,研究了可增强消力池内水流横向扩散均化作用的工程方法及其适宜位置。结果表明,在第一级消力池内布设分流底坎低水位时易产生急流飞溅不良流态,海漫段的水流跌落区范围较原方案时增大,最大跌落长度可为原方案时的1.77倍,不利于下游防冲安全;在第二级消力池中部布设分流底坎可明显增大左右岸处纵向出池流速,出池流速横向分布更均匀,与原方案相比其离散系数在中低水位区间平均可减小23.1%,低水位时出池水流最大跌落长度可减小22.6%,并可壅高第一级消力池内水深,提高两级消力池的消能率,总消能率最大可提高至55.53%,使消力池的整体消能防冲性能进一步增强。该成果可供水闸设计及除险加固时参考。