Wheatgrasses （Thinopyrum spp.）, which are relatives of wheat （Triticum aestivum L）, have a perennial growth habit and offer resistance to a diversity of biotic and abiotic stresses, making them useful in wheat imp...Wheatgrasses （Thinopyrum spp.）, which are relatives of wheat （Triticum aestivum L）, have a perennial growth habit and offer resistance to a diversity of biotic and abiotic stresses, making them useful in wheat improvement. Many of these desirable traits from Thinopyrum spp. have been used to develop wheat cultivars by introgression breeding. The perennial growth habit of wheatgrasses inherits as a complex quantitative trait that is controlled by many unknown genes. Previous studies have indicated that Thinopyrum spp. are able to hybridize with wheat and produce viable/stable amphiploids or partial amphiploids. Meanwhile, efforts have been made to develop perennial wheat by domestication of Thinopyrum spp. The most promising perennial wheat-Thinopyrum lines can be used as grain and/or forage crops, which combine the desirable traits of both parents. The wheat-Thinopyrum lines can adapt to diverse agricultural systems. This paper summarizes the development of perennial wheat based on Thinopyrum, and the genetic aspects, breeding methods, and perspectives of wheat-Thinopyrum hybrids.展开更多
Background:Standing root biomass stocks are larger in the perennial grain intermediate wheatgrass(IWG;Thinopyrum intermedium[Host]Barkworth and Dewey)than annual spring wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).However,previous stu...Background:Standing root biomass stocks are larger in the perennial grain intermediate wheatgrass(IWG;Thinopyrum intermedium[Host]Barkworth and Dewey)than annual spring wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).However,previous studies have not separated root growth from root decomposition,which presents a significant gap in our understanding of how roots can contribute to soil organic carbon(C)accrual or other soil properties through time.Methods:We used paired sequential coring and root ingrowth cores to measure standing root stock,new root production,root decomposition,and decomposed root C and N from 0 to 15 cm soil depth of 1-year-old IWG(IWG-1),2-year-old IWG(IWG-2),and annual spring wheat.Results:Standing root stock was 3.2–6.5 and 6.3–9.9 times higher in IWG-1 and IWG-2 than wheat.Total root production was 1.7 times greater in IWG-1 than IWG-2.Conversely,root decomposition almost doubled from 1.39 to 2.43 kg m-3 between IWG-1 and IWG-2.Conclusions:In IWG,decreased root production and increased root decomposi-tion with stand age suggest a change in growth strategy that could reduce the contribution of root-derived C to stabilized soil C pools as IWG stands age.展开更多
畜牧业是陕西省现代农业发展最大的短板,栽培牧草区划对解决优质饲草短缺和推动陕西草牧业发展具有十分重要的战略性指导意义。基于地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)空间分析法、模糊数学和层次分析法,结合陕西省地形...畜牧业是陕西省现代农业发展最大的短板,栽培牧草区划对解决优质饲草短缺和推动陕西草牧业发展具有十分重要的战略性指导意义。基于地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)空间分析法、模糊数学和层次分析法,结合陕西省地形数据、主要气象数据和土壤性状指标等,利用年降水量、年均温、土壤pH、地形地貌、坡度5个影响牧草生长的主要指标,对陕西省栽培牧草进行系统梳理,构建了模块功能全、适应性强的栽培牧草适宜性区划模型。以紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、红豆草(Onobrychis viciaefolia)、多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、冰草(Agropyron cristatum)4种主要栽培牧草为例进行了模型分析,同时以冰草为例进行验证,结果表明此区划模型具有很好的可行性,可对牧草新品种引进、优质牧草生产提供科学预判和决策,也为陕西省数字草业的发展奠定了基础。展开更多
基金Financial support provided by the National Key Research and Development Project （2017YFD0101002）, the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province （201601 D021128）, the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences （YBSJJ1808）, the CAAS Innovation Team （CAAS-GJHZ201700X）, and the National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding is gratefully appreciated.
文摘Wheatgrasses （Thinopyrum spp.）, which are relatives of wheat （Triticum aestivum L）, have a perennial growth habit and offer resistance to a diversity of biotic and abiotic stresses, making them useful in wheat improvement. Many of these desirable traits from Thinopyrum spp. have been used to develop wheat cultivars by introgression breeding. The perennial growth habit of wheatgrasses inherits as a complex quantitative trait that is controlled by many unknown genes. Previous studies have indicated that Thinopyrum spp. are able to hybridize with wheat and produce viable/stable amphiploids or partial amphiploids. Meanwhile, efforts have been made to develop perennial wheat by domestication of Thinopyrum spp. The most promising perennial wheat-Thinopyrum lines can be used as grain and/or forage crops, which combine the desirable traits of both parents. The wheat-Thinopyrum lines can adapt to diverse agricultural systems. This paper summarizes the development of perennial wheat based on Thinopyrum, and the genetic aspects, breeding methods, and perspectives of wheat-Thinopyrum hybrids.
文摘Background:Standing root biomass stocks are larger in the perennial grain intermediate wheatgrass(IWG;Thinopyrum intermedium[Host]Barkworth and Dewey)than annual spring wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).However,previous studies have not separated root growth from root decomposition,which presents a significant gap in our understanding of how roots can contribute to soil organic carbon(C)accrual or other soil properties through time.Methods:We used paired sequential coring and root ingrowth cores to measure standing root stock,new root production,root decomposition,and decomposed root C and N from 0 to 15 cm soil depth of 1-year-old IWG(IWG-1),2-year-old IWG(IWG-2),and annual spring wheat.Results:Standing root stock was 3.2–6.5 and 6.3–9.9 times higher in IWG-1 and IWG-2 than wheat.Total root production was 1.7 times greater in IWG-1 than IWG-2.Conversely,root decomposition almost doubled from 1.39 to 2.43 kg m-3 between IWG-1 and IWG-2.Conclusions:In IWG,decreased root production and increased root decomposi-tion with stand age suggest a change in growth strategy that could reduce the contribution of root-derived C to stabilized soil C pools as IWG stands age.
