Aims: We evaluated whether urinary excretion of type IV collagen (U-COL) may predict an increase in the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and what factors regulate U-COL in 145 normoalbuminuric patients with t...Aims: We evaluated whether urinary excretion of type IV collagen (U-COL) may predict an increase in the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and what factors regulate U-COL in 145 normoalbuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: We measured HbA1c, systolic blood pressure (SBP), urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 at start of this study (Baseline), ACR and U-COL in addition to these measurements at one year later (Evaluation-1), and ACR and SBP after two years of the Evaluation-1 (Evaluation-2). The relationships were investigated between the increase of ACR and the U-COL. The effect of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) treatment on the correlations between U-COL and ACR at Evaluation-2 on one hand, and between U-COL and percent change of ACR on the other, was also analyzed. Furthermore, we investigated whether the increase in 8-OHdG and in MCP-1 in a year prior to the Evaluation-1 were risk factors of the rise in U-COL levels. Results: Both U-COL and SBP at Evaluation-1, but not ARB treatment, were independent risk factors for an increased ACR after 2 years. ARB treatment significantly suppressed the increase in ACR after 2 years in patients with higher U-COL excretion. The percentage changes in 8-OHdG (%8-OHdG) and MCP-1 (%MCP-1) in one year prior to Evaluation-1 measurements are independent risk factors for U-COL. HbA1c and SBP values one year prior to Evaluation-1 are independent risk factors not only for %8-OHdG but also, for baseline U-COL. The %8-OHdG is an independent risk factor for %MCP-1. Conclusions: U-COL may predict an increase in the ACR. The U-COL seems to be increased with oxidative stress and inflammation induced by past hyperglycemia.展开更多
目的:探讨雷公藤多苷(TWP)对糖尿病肾病(DN)大鼠肾组织中Smad2/3蛋白及Ⅳ型胶原蛋白的影响。方法:将30只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为正常对照组、糖尿病肾病模型组、雷公藤多苷治疗组。腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立DN大鼠模型。建模后,给予...目的:探讨雷公藤多苷(TWP)对糖尿病肾病(DN)大鼠肾组织中Smad2/3蛋白及Ⅳ型胶原蛋白的影响。方法:将30只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为正常对照组、糖尿病肾病模型组、雷公藤多苷治疗组。腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立DN大鼠模型。建模后,给予治疗组雷公藤多苷药物灌胃治疗;第4、8、12、16周末记录大鼠体重,检测24 h尿蛋白(24 h Pro)定量;第16周末处死大鼠,检测血糖(GLU)和血肌酐(Scr);取大鼠肾组织行HE、Masson染色,进行病理组织学观察;用免疫组化法检测肾组织中Smad2/3蛋白与Ⅳ型胶原的表达;采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测肾组织中Smad2/3蛋白与Ⅳ型胶原mRNA的表达。结果:雷公藤多苷能够减少实验大鼠24 h尿蛋白,增加体重,降低血Scr水平,改善肾脏病理,降低实验大鼠肾小管上皮细胞Smad2/3及Ⅳ型胶原的表达,雷公藤多苷治疗组与模型组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:雷公藤多苷可能通过减轻DN大鼠肾组织Smad2/3及Ⅳ型胶原的表达,从而减轻肾脏纤维化,保护肾脏功能。展开更多
Astrocytes are intimately involved in the formation and development of retinal vessels. Astrocyte dysfunction is a major cause of blood-retinal barrier injury and other retinal vascular diseases. In this study, the de...Astrocytes are intimately involved in the formation and development of retinal vessels. Astrocyte dysfunction is a major cause of blood-retinal barrier injury and other retinal vascular diseases. In this study, the development of the retinal vascular system and the formation of the blood-ret-inal barrier in mice were investigated using immunolfuorescence staining, gelatin-ink perfusion, and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the retinal vascular system of mice develops from the optic disc after birth, and radiates out gradually to cover the entire retina, taking the papilla optica as the center. First, the superifcial vasculature is formed on the inner retinal layer;then, the vasculature extends into the inner and outer edges of the retinal inner nuclear layer, forming the deep vasculature that is parallel to the superifcial vasculature. The blood-retinal barrier is mainly composed of endothelium, basal lamina and the end-feet of astrocytes, which become mature during mouse development. Initially, the naive endothelial cells were immature with few organelles and many microvilli. The basal lamina was uniform in thickness, and the glial end-feet surrounded the outer basal lamina incompletely. In the end, the blood-retinal barrier matures with smooth endothelia connected through tight junctions, rela-tively thin and even basal lamina, and relatively thin glial cell end-feet. These ifndings indicate that the development of the vasculature in the retina follows the rules of“center to periphery”and“superifcial layer to deep layers”. Its development and maturation are spatially and tempo-rally consistent with the functional performance of retinal neurons and photosensitivity. The blood-retinal barrier gradually becomes mature via the process of interactions between astro-cytes and blood vessel cells.展开更多
目的构建糖尿病肾病大鼠模型,从整体水平观察川陈皮素对其的治疗作用,并从分子水平研究川陈皮素对丝氨酸蛋白酶家族B成员7(serpin family B member 7,Megsin)、血小板衍生生长因子-BB(platelet-derived growth factor-BB,PDGF-BB)、细...目的构建糖尿病肾病大鼠模型,从整体水平观察川陈皮素对其的治疗作用,并从分子水平研究川陈皮素对丝氨酸蛋白酶家族B成员7(serpin family B member 7,Megsin)、血小板衍生生长因子-BB(platelet-derived growth factor-BB,PDGF-BB)、细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶1/2(extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase,ERK1/2)和Ⅳ型胶原(collagen IV)蛋白及mRNA表达的影响。方法清洁级雄性SD大鼠120只分为正常组、糖尿病肾病模型组、贝那普利组、川陈皮素低、中和高剂量组,高脂高糖饮食1月+一次性腹腔注射链尿佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)诱导糖尿病肾病大鼠模型,相应药物治疗6周后处死,收集尿液、血液和肾脏,检测血糖、血清和尿液中肌酐和β2-MG、小鼠肾重与体重比(KW/BW),同时检测肾脏炎性因子IL-1、IL-6和TNF-α含量,收集肾组织标本,聚合酶链式反应和蛋白印记法测定肾组织中Megsin、PDGF-BB、pERK1/2及collagen IV的表达。结果肾脏组织HE染色可见,正常组大鼠形态正常,模型组出现明显肾小球萎缩和硬化,与模型组相比,贝那普利组、川陈皮素低、中和高剂量组均明显好转,此外贝那普利组和川陈皮素高剂量组基本一致;与正常组相比,模型组大鼠血糖、KW/BW、尿液肾功能指标UREA和β2-MG、血液肾功能指标UREA和β2-MG、肾脏炎性因子IL-1、IL-6和TNF-α、肾脏组织中Megsin、PDGF-BB、pERK1/2和collagen IV蛋白与mRNA均明显升高(P<0.05),与模型组相比,贝那普利组、川陈皮素低、中和高剂量组血糖、KW/BW、尿液肾功能指标UREA和β2-MG、血液肾功能指标UREA和β2-MG、肾脏炎性因子IL-1、IL-6和TNF-α、肾脏组织中Megsin、PDGF-BB、pERK1/2和collagen IV蛋白与mRNA均降低(P<0.05),此外川陈皮素各组血糖均明显低于贝那普利组(P<0.05),川陈皮素高剂量组IL-1、IL-6和TNF-α低于贝那普利组(P<0.05),但KW/BW、尿液UREA和β2-MG、血液UREA和β2-MG、肾脏中Megsin、PDGF-BB、pERK1/2和collagen IV蛋白与mRNA和贝那普利组相比没有差异。结论川陈皮素对糖尿病肾病大鼠有明显的治疗作用,这与川陈皮素可调节肾脏中megsin、PDGF-BB、pERK1/2及collagen IV的表达有关。展开更多
文摘Aims: We evaluated whether urinary excretion of type IV collagen (U-COL) may predict an increase in the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and what factors regulate U-COL in 145 normoalbuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: We measured HbA1c, systolic blood pressure (SBP), urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 at start of this study (Baseline), ACR and U-COL in addition to these measurements at one year later (Evaluation-1), and ACR and SBP after two years of the Evaluation-1 (Evaluation-2). The relationships were investigated between the increase of ACR and the U-COL. The effect of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) treatment on the correlations between U-COL and ACR at Evaluation-2 on one hand, and between U-COL and percent change of ACR on the other, was also analyzed. Furthermore, we investigated whether the increase in 8-OHdG and in MCP-1 in a year prior to the Evaluation-1 were risk factors of the rise in U-COL levels. Results: Both U-COL and SBP at Evaluation-1, but not ARB treatment, were independent risk factors for an increased ACR after 2 years. ARB treatment significantly suppressed the increase in ACR after 2 years in patients with higher U-COL excretion. The percentage changes in 8-OHdG (%8-OHdG) and MCP-1 (%MCP-1) in one year prior to Evaluation-1 measurements are independent risk factors for U-COL. HbA1c and SBP values one year prior to Evaluation-1 are independent risk factors not only for %8-OHdG but also, for baseline U-COL. The %8-OHdG is an independent risk factor for %MCP-1. Conclusions: U-COL may predict an increase in the ACR. The U-COL seems to be increased with oxidative stress and inflammation induced by past hyperglycemia.
文摘目的:探讨雷公藤多苷(TWP)对糖尿病肾病(DN)大鼠肾组织中Smad2/3蛋白及Ⅳ型胶原蛋白的影响。方法:将30只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为正常对照组、糖尿病肾病模型组、雷公藤多苷治疗组。腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立DN大鼠模型。建模后,给予治疗组雷公藤多苷药物灌胃治疗;第4、8、12、16周末记录大鼠体重,检测24 h尿蛋白(24 h Pro)定量;第16周末处死大鼠,检测血糖(GLU)和血肌酐(Scr);取大鼠肾组织行HE、Masson染色,进行病理组织学观察;用免疫组化法检测肾组织中Smad2/3蛋白与Ⅳ型胶原的表达;采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测肾组织中Smad2/3蛋白与Ⅳ型胶原mRNA的表达。结果:雷公藤多苷能够减少实验大鼠24 h尿蛋白,增加体重,降低血Scr水平,改善肾脏病理,降低实验大鼠肾小管上皮细胞Smad2/3及Ⅳ型胶原的表达,雷公藤多苷治疗组与模型组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:雷公藤多苷可能通过减轻DN大鼠肾组织Smad2/3及Ⅳ型胶原的表达,从而减轻肾脏纤维化,保护肾脏功能。
文摘目的:探讨姜黄素类似物对糖尿病肾病(DN)小鼠肾纤维化的影响及机制。方法:KKAy小鼠给予高脂饲料连续饲养2周构建DN小鼠模型,随机分为模型组和实验组,每组12只,10只C57BL/6J小鼠饲喂普通饲料,作为正常组。实验组小鼠灌胃姜黄素类似物H85 mg/kg,模型组和正常组均灌胃等量生理盐水,1次/d,连续干预6周。采用血糖仪检测小鼠空腹血糖(FBG),双缩脲法检测处死前24 h尿液尿蛋白(UP);过碘酸-无色品红染色(PAS染色)观察小鼠肾组织病理形态变化;蛋白免疫印迹(WB)法及实时荧光定量-聚合酶链式反应(qPCR)检测各组小鼠肾组织α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、纤连蛋白(FN)和IV型胶原(Col-Ⅳ)、Twist蛋白表达情况。结果:干预后,正常组、模型组和实验组小鼠肾脏指数(KI)分别为(6.24±0.32)、(14.4±2.39)、(9.14±1.43)mg/g,FBG分别为(4.96±1.25),(35.54±3.43),(27.54±1.12)mmol/L,24 h UP分别为(31.69±5.51)、(710.54±231.28)、(410.43±130.36)μmol/L;肾小球硬化评分分别为(0.00±0.00)、(3.02±0.24)、(1.69±0.21)分,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与正常组比较,模型组小鼠肾组织α-SMA、FN和Col-Ⅳ、Twist蛋白及mRNA相对表达量升高(P<0.05),而实验组小鼠低于模型组(P<0.05)。结论:姜黄素类似物可改善DN小鼠肾功能及肾组织损伤程度,降低纤维化蛋白表达,延缓肾组织纤维化,可能与下调Twist蛋白表达有关。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30771140,31070952 and U1204311
文摘Astrocytes are intimately involved in the formation and development of retinal vessels. Astrocyte dysfunction is a major cause of blood-retinal barrier injury and other retinal vascular diseases. In this study, the development of the retinal vascular system and the formation of the blood-ret-inal barrier in mice were investigated using immunolfuorescence staining, gelatin-ink perfusion, and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the retinal vascular system of mice develops from the optic disc after birth, and radiates out gradually to cover the entire retina, taking the papilla optica as the center. First, the superifcial vasculature is formed on the inner retinal layer;then, the vasculature extends into the inner and outer edges of the retinal inner nuclear layer, forming the deep vasculature that is parallel to the superifcial vasculature. The blood-retinal barrier is mainly composed of endothelium, basal lamina and the end-feet of astrocytes, which become mature during mouse development. Initially, the naive endothelial cells were immature with few organelles and many microvilli. The basal lamina was uniform in thickness, and the glial end-feet surrounded the outer basal lamina incompletely. In the end, the blood-retinal barrier matures with smooth endothelia connected through tight junctions, rela-tively thin and even basal lamina, and relatively thin glial cell end-feet. These ifndings indicate that the development of the vasculature in the retina follows the rules of“center to periphery”and“superifcial layer to deep layers”. Its development and maturation are spatially and tempo-rally consistent with the functional performance of retinal neurons and photosensitivity. The blood-retinal barrier gradually becomes mature via the process of interactions between astro-cytes and blood vessel cells.
文摘目的构建糖尿病肾病大鼠模型,从整体水平观察川陈皮素对其的治疗作用,并从分子水平研究川陈皮素对丝氨酸蛋白酶家族B成员7(serpin family B member 7,Megsin)、血小板衍生生长因子-BB(platelet-derived growth factor-BB,PDGF-BB)、细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶1/2(extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase,ERK1/2)和Ⅳ型胶原(collagen IV)蛋白及mRNA表达的影响。方法清洁级雄性SD大鼠120只分为正常组、糖尿病肾病模型组、贝那普利组、川陈皮素低、中和高剂量组,高脂高糖饮食1月+一次性腹腔注射链尿佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)诱导糖尿病肾病大鼠模型,相应药物治疗6周后处死,收集尿液、血液和肾脏,检测血糖、血清和尿液中肌酐和β2-MG、小鼠肾重与体重比(KW/BW),同时检测肾脏炎性因子IL-1、IL-6和TNF-α含量,收集肾组织标本,聚合酶链式反应和蛋白印记法测定肾组织中Megsin、PDGF-BB、pERK1/2及collagen IV的表达。结果肾脏组织HE染色可见,正常组大鼠形态正常,模型组出现明显肾小球萎缩和硬化,与模型组相比,贝那普利组、川陈皮素低、中和高剂量组均明显好转,此外贝那普利组和川陈皮素高剂量组基本一致;与正常组相比,模型组大鼠血糖、KW/BW、尿液肾功能指标UREA和β2-MG、血液肾功能指标UREA和β2-MG、肾脏炎性因子IL-1、IL-6和TNF-α、肾脏组织中Megsin、PDGF-BB、pERK1/2和collagen IV蛋白与mRNA均明显升高(P<0.05),与模型组相比,贝那普利组、川陈皮素低、中和高剂量组血糖、KW/BW、尿液肾功能指标UREA和β2-MG、血液肾功能指标UREA和β2-MG、肾脏炎性因子IL-1、IL-6和TNF-α、肾脏组织中Megsin、PDGF-BB、pERK1/2和collagen IV蛋白与mRNA均降低(P<0.05),此外川陈皮素各组血糖均明显低于贝那普利组(P<0.05),川陈皮素高剂量组IL-1、IL-6和TNF-α低于贝那普利组(P<0.05),但KW/BW、尿液UREA和β2-MG、血液UREA和β2-MG、肾脏中Megsin、PDGF-BB、pERK1/2和collagen IV蛋白与mRNA和贝那普利组相比没有差异。结论川陈皮素对糖尿病肾病大鼠有明显的治疗作用,这与川陈皮素可调节肾脏中megsin、PDGF-BB、pERK1/2及collagen IV的表达有关。
