Women＇s speech in variation studies

It is demonstrated by sociolinguistic variation studies that women are more likely than men to use standard speech. This paper reviews the operational methods and analytical means of classic quantitative studies in this field, intending to provide guidance and enlightenment for relevant studies and verifications in the context of Chinese culture.

How Vaginal Infections Impact Women’s Everyday Life <br/>—Women’s Lived Experiences of Bacterial Vaginosis and Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Reoccurring symptoms and persistent problems that continue post treatment can be characteristic of the vaginal infections Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) and recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC). The purpose of this study was to describe women’s life experiences in managing the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis and Candida. Sixteen women were recruited and participated in an interview study when they contacted a Swedish gynecology clinic with vaginal complaints that ranged from and included abnormal discharge, irritation itching along with serious malodor. An interpretive phenomenological approach was used with an individual interview to get a more intimate understanding of the women experiencing these problems. The finding of this study shows that managing the recurrent symptoms of the infections remains to be a challenge for women as it has a clearly negative impact on the quality of their lives. Four themes developed: frustration and mood disorders, intimacy changes in the relationship, exposure, hope and relief. The women had high hopes of eliminating the symptoms within the six-month study period. The treatment program, with its well-developed guidelines and continuity of care within the context of the study greatly improved the quality of life of these women. Women had feelings of frustration and anxiety when nothing could cure their problem while they had also a great hope to get rid of the symptoms with a long striking treatment. Well-developed guidelines and continuity of care can help these women to have an improved quality of life.

Women and the Transnational Dynamics of Science Education in Early Twentieth Century China:A Quiet Revolution

This article explores both the personal and transnational dimensions of domestic science education and study abroad for the pioneering generation of Chinese women in science.By focusing on women’s unique calculus of risk and reward,the article not only distinguishes Chinese women’s experiences from those of their male counterparts but also delineates the special contours of the Chinese case within the global advancement of women in science.The article begins by outlining some of the features and dynamics of early Chinese girls’schools that affected students’interest in and preparation for further scientific study.Then it traces the emerging college-level opportunities that made it possible for women who were studying science in China to contemplate advanced work overseas.Turning to study abroad,the article highlights the radicalness of the decision to study abroad by examining the impact of both family background and national circumstances on Chinese women’s strategies of mobility.The article argues that if we are to take women’s experiences seriously,we cannot just look at scientific pursuits in terms of achievements in the development of Chinese science,we also need to consider the ways that·scientific ambitions forced individuals—both male and female—to navigate and reimagine multiple social norms and expectations.

学人与学科:中国女性学学者的群体特质、成长逻辑及其教育意蕴

学人研究是理解学科发展、促进学科建设与人才质量提升的重要视角与方法,学人的群体特质和成长逻辑能够有效转化为育人资源。以中国女性学学者为研究对象,运用质性研究方法分析其学术经历与治学经验发现,中国女性学学者的群体特质集中表现为问题意识、性别观照、关系性思维,她们遵循“社会化发展”与“合法性追寻”的成长逻辑。这种育人理念与育人方法对女性学学科专业人才培养具有启迪意义。可以通过深化学人专题研究和加强人际互动的方式,将女性学学人的群体经验转化为育人资源,促进女性学学科建设与人才培养质量提升。

Achievements and Challenges： A Review of Chinese Literature on Gender and Women＇s Studies from 2001 to 2008

This article explores Women＇s Studies through a review Database in the period 2001-2008, recent Chinese research on Gender and of the China Academic Journals Full-Text summarizing, classifying and evaluating the main areas of focus with which Chinese scholars have been concerned. The first part is concerned with Gender and Women＇s Studies of a distinctively Chinese character. Current Chinese social structure contains the binary framework： rural and urban. P, ural women＇s situations are being greatly changed since male laborers went in large numbers to work in the cities and have caused great concern among scholars. To build a ＂Harmomous Society,＂ more attention has been paid to the study of gender and ethnic equality. Scholars have analyzed and discussed the remaining gender and ethnic inequalities existent in the actual society. The second part is women＇s lives in literary history, which were usually darkened by textual silence, despite China＇s rich ancient literature. To reinterpret Chinese traditional literature, discovering women＇s history and listening to women＇s voices has also become a major undertaking. The third part of the article summarizes the Chinese scholars＇ dilemma. On one hand, scholars have benefited from the rise of Western feminist theories; on the other hand, they are also disturbed that China＇s Women＇s Studies have been marginalized by such a strong Western feminist discourse. Chinese scholars have been trying to develop indigenous knowledge and to create a theoretical system with its focus on Chinese women, thereby breaking through the stereotype of the West versus the East or the center versus the periphery, and to communicate equally with Western scholars.

The Bitter Butter Knife＂ Puttermesser＇s Problematic Paradise

This paper analyzes how the themes of magical realism and female divinity intersect in the novel The Puttermesser Papers （1997） by Cynthia Ozick. In the ＂Introduction＂, the writer defines magical realism and discusses its connections to Women＇s Studies. The next section, ＂The Bitter Butter Knife＂, discusses the protagonist＇s （Ruth Puttermesser） boring existence and pathetic attempts to connect to her Jewish ancestry. In ＂The Problematic Paradise＂, the author focuses on Puttermesser＇s attempts to take control of her life by creating the first female golem and the ups and downs of paradise. This author argues that the female protagonist of the novel utilizes magical realism as a tool of empowerment over personal oppression.

Looking Towards the 1995 World Women's Conference——the second international seminar on women's studies

Women’s development is a process. It is also a process to await the Fourth World Conference on Women to be held in Beijing in 1995, a process to further mobilize women from various countries to gain equality between the sexes and to take a part in social development. The second international seminar on women’s studies was held from November 23 to 26, 1993, at Beijing University in preparation for this day. Some 100 women researchers from Australia, Bangladesh’, Canada, the United States, England, Malaysia and Japan, as well as Hong Kong and China participated in the event. It was one of the most lively and active seminars held during this process. To take prompt action in development was a common nderstanding of the participants.

Women's Studies Enters New Period

Moving Into a Decision-Making Period Redefining gender relationships in terms of scientific research, and scientifically determining the influence women have on social decision-making forces is a new subject in women’s studies since the 1980s in China. Channels enabling women to participate in decision-making processes have grown significantly. Women’s studies organizations and specialists in the field directly participate in government decision-making processes. The promulgation

Tianjin Normal University Establishes Women's Studies Center

IN July, 1993, an international seminar titled "Chinese Women and Development—Status, Health and Employment" was sponsored by the Women’s Studies Center at Tianjin Normal University. More than 100 international and domestic specialists and workers who deal with women’s issues attended. At the conference, the Women’s Research Institute of the All-China Women’s Federation disclosed the results of an investigation about the status of women in China, which was launched in the early 1990s on a nationwide scale. The results showed that China’s economic reform has greatly affected women. As a result, many researchers who began their research by considering China’s present economic situation, tried to determine the influences the

马克思主义妇女观与中国女性学基本理论建设

马克思主义妇女观为中国女性学基本理论建设提供了基础性思想,女性学揭示女性的本质、特征、存在状态及其发展规律。21世纪,中国女性学须创新;须坚持辩证法和唯物史观,对现实中国女性生存与发展面临的新问题进行理论探讨;须吸收和借鉴国外女性学,尤其是西方马克思主义女性主义理论的学术成果。

2011年世界杯中、外女子排球队后攻应用比较研究——兼谈和合效应对中国女子排球队伦敦奥运会参赛影响

通过对2011年世界杯中国女子排球队与德、意、美、日4国女子排球队比赛中后攻技、战术应用优劣势比较,分析中国女子排球队在比赛中后攻技、战术应用现状。运用电视直播、录像回放和数据统计等方法,找出中国女子排球队后攻技、战术应用的优势和不足。以和合理论为依据,从克服组织惯性等社会心理学的视角提出了中国女子排球队伦敦奥运会参赛策略。结论:中、外女子排球队后攻技术应用差距明显,战术实施主要在6号位和1号位,后攻成功率高;群体情感效应受比赛分值影响大,和合创新能力较弱。大胆创新,独辟蹊径,发挥个体优势,形成共生效应等和合效应训练,克服组织惯性,扩展5号位的战术实施,是中国女子排球队后攻技、战术整合的有效策略。

生态女性主义文学批评概述

生态女性主义文学批评以女权主义运动为背景,从自然、环境、性别的多重视角进行文学研究,对现代社会中的自然压迫和性别压迫进行文化反思和批判,从而唤醒人们的生态意识和男女平等意识。生态女性主义批评的开放性和交叉性为文学研究注入了生机和活力,其文学实践将帮助人们改造自然观和妇女观,最终实现现代社会的可持续发展。

摸着石头过河:学科建设视野下的女性学教育

女性学教育已进入中国高等教育体制,越来越多的高校开设女性学课程,并正在为发展女性学学科的博士和硕士学位教育而努力。本文从女性学教育的界定、女性学课程的目标及其在高校中的定位、女性学在高校中的组织机构等方面,阐述女性学教育的发展,提出了值得关注和探索的几个问题。

从女子篮球规则的演变看美国女性体育观念的发展

篮球运动作为美国最主要的体育项目之一,在美国女性体育的发展史上占有着极其重要的地位。文章采用文献资料法通过对美国女子篮球规则后的演变规律和方向的疏理,进一步剖析影响其演变的社会背景和社会动因,得出如下结论:女子篮球规则的演变受到女权运动和女性体育观念发展的影响,其修改方向和演变轨迹都是女性体育观念发展线索的展现和成果沉淀;今后美国女子篮球规则的演变必将更多的受到体育项目自身规律以及体育商业化发展的影响。

明清江南妇女游风述论

明清时代江南商品经济繁荣发展,提高了人们的消费水平,丰富了人们的精神生活。自明中叶以来,江南民众广泛参与旅游活动,从一个侧面展示了江南社会生活的若干新气象。其中妇女游风特别引人注目。江南妇女旅游类型多样,并呈现出普遍性、季节性、宗教性及节日狂欢性等特点,凸显了江南妇女特有的精神面貌和世风的替嬗。对此现象的探讨对中国妇女史研究具有一定的启发意义。

美日高等教育规模扩张过程中女性参与的比较

本文通过对美日两国女性参与高等教育的历史回顾 ,分析比较了两国女性参与高等教育的动力、目的 ,指出以家庭为主导的日本模式和以个人发展为主导的美国模式均为女子高等教育的典型模式 ,虽各自有着文化与价值基础 ,但从国际社会所提倡的“建立男女伙伴关系的社会”这一基本精神来衡量 。

从研究到学科化并通向行动主义:中国妇女学30年反观与理论化

自上世纪80年代初到90年代以来,国内妇女学走过以妇女问题和性别议题为对象的研究为主的妇女学,到本世纪以学科背景下的学术研究、高校内的课程发展与组织体制的机制化探索的学科化推动的历程。同时对30年来,特别是本世纪以来具有代表性的妇女学推动者(集体或个人)在学理、概念和推进策略、方法上的异同及产生的影响进行梳理并力图理论化。在此基础上,展望妇女学的未来走向——通向学术女性主义与行动女性主义的联手推动中国社会的积极变革。

侵华文学中的“他者”和日本女作家的战争观——以林芙美子《运命之旅》为例

侵华战争时期,日本军部派出的"笔部队"作家创作了"他者"这一歪曲和丑化中国人的形象,妄想以此掩盖其侵略战争的罪行和美化日本军队。"他者"是法西斯军国主义在意识形态领域对日本作家干预和渗透的社会集体想象物,有深刻的文化根源。其时,日本国内的女权主义者,在整个民族疯狂于国家主义的时空下变节、转向,以此获得政治、经济和社会地位的畸形提升,建立在狭隘的民族主义意念内的妇女解放观与军国主义达成了共谋。日本近代著名女作家林芙美子的人生经历代表了日本女权主义变异的缩影。侵华战争时期,林芙美子放弃了自由主义个人奋斗的思想转投军国主义,多次身负官方使命前往中国战场采访报导,成为侵华战争的积极协力者。文章以林芙美子寓华期间创作的描写南京沦陷的小说《运命之旅》为例,分析了侵华文学中"他者"形象的成因及日本女作家的战争观。

参与式教学法是女性学课程教学的必然选择

在女性学课程教学中,参与式教学法的运用能引入更多的讨论和交流,使学习者和教育者从更多层面关注女性学的诸多内容并贡献自己的经验,同时由于在教学中注入了平等和民主的理念,它也改变了传统的师生关系和教育中的等级关系。因此,参与式教学法较好地实现了女性学课程教学的价值理念和追求,两者能取得相互促进、相得益彰的效果。