Theoretical study of differential cross sections for the ionization of helium by fast proton impact

We present the angular distribution of the ejected electron for single ionization of He by fast proton impact.A fourbody formalism of the three-Coulomb wave is applied to calculate the triple differential cross sections at several impact energies in the scattering,perpendicular and azimuthal planes.Moreover,the three-body formalism of three-Coulomb,two-Coulomb and first Born approximation models has also been used to study the many-body effect on electron emission and the validity of the models.In the three-Coulomb wave model,the final state wave function incorporates distortion due to the three-body mutual Coulombic interaction.In this formalism,we use an uncorrelated and correlated Born initial state,which consists of a plane wave for the incoming projectile times a two-electron bound state wavefunction of the helium atom representing the 1s2(1S)state.But,in the case of the three-body formalism,the initial state wavefunction consists of a long-range Coulomb distortion for the incoming projectile and one active electron of the He atom described by the Roothaan–Hartree–Fock wavefunction.The structure with a single or two peaks with unequal intensity is observed in the angular distributions of the triple differential cross sections for the different kinematic conditions.In addition,the influence of static electron correlations is investigated using different bound state wavefunctions for the ground state of the He target.In the four-body formalism,the present computations are very fast by reducing a nine-dimensional integral to a two-dimensional real integral.Despite the simplicity and speed of the proposed quadrature,the comparison shows that the obtained results are in reasonable agreement with the experiment and are compatible with those of other theories.

Dissociative ionization cross sections of CO_2 at electron impact energy of 5 keV

The dissociative ionization of CO2 induced by 5 keV electrons in two-body and three-body dissociative channels of CO2＋2 and CO3＋2 is identified by the ion-ion coincidence- method using a momentum imaging spectrometer. The partial ionization cross sections （PICSs） of different ionic fragments are measured and the results generally agree with the calculations made by a semi-empirical approach. Furthermore, the PICSs of the dissociative channels are also obtained by carefully considering the detection efficiency of the micro-channel plates and the total transmission efficiency of the time of flight system.

Influence of Isotope Substitution Helium Atom on Partial Cross Sections in He-HF Collisions

Close-coupling equation and anisotropic potential developed in our previous research are applied to HE-SHe （4He, 6He, 8He,10He） collision system, and partial cross sections （PCSs） at the incident energy of 40 me V are calculated. By analyzing the differences of these PCSs, change rules of PCSs with the increase of partial wave number, and with the change of the mass of isotope substitution helium atom are obtained. The results show that excitation PCSs converge faster than elastic PCSs for collision energy and each of systems considered here. Also excitation PCSs converge more rapidly for high-excited states. Tail effect is present only in elastic scattering and low-excited states but not in high- excited states. With the increase of the mass of isotope substitution helium atom, converging speed of elastic, total inelastic, and state-to-state excitation PCS slows down, and the maxima of these PCSs undergoes a regular change.

Cross sections of O^(q+)(q=1-4) electron loss in collisions with He,Ne and Ar

Electron-loss cross sections of 0q＋ （q = 1 -4） colliding with He, Ne and Ar atoms are measured in the intermediate velocity regime. The ratios of the cross sections of two-electron loss to that of one-electron loss R21 are presented. It is shown that single-channel analysis is not sufficient to explain the results, but that projectile electron loss, electron capture by the projectile and target ionization must be considered together to interpret the experimental data. The screening and antiscreening effects can account for the threshold velocity results, but cannot explain the dependence of the ratio R21 on velocity quantitatively. In general, the effective charge of the target atom increases with velocity increasing because the high-speed projectile ion can penetrate into the inner electronic shell of target atom. Ne and Ar atoms have similar effective charges in this velocity regime, but He atoms have smaller ones at the same velocities due to its smaller nuclear charge.

The (e,2e) triple differential cross sections of Cu^+ (3p) in coplanar asymmetric geometry

The three-body distorted=wave Born approximation has been used to calculate the （e, 2e） triple differential cross sections （TDCSs） of Cu＋ （3p） in different kinematical variables in coplanar asymmetric geometry. The angles 4°, 10° and 20° were selected as the scattering electron angles. Under high incident energy （≥500 eV） and high asymmetric detection energy, the binary peaks showed abnormal splits. Such abnormal splits have not been observed in atomic target and outer valence orbitals of ionic target, which indicates that an （e, 2e） process for inner valence orbitals of ionic target would be more complicated than outer valence orbitals. Furthermore, some pronounced peaks appeared at certain ejected angles. We considered that these pronounced peaks are probably related to one kind of double-binary collision.

Total cross sections for electrons scattering from simple molecules containing the larger atom sulfur at 30-5000eV

A complex optical model potential modified by the concept of bonded atom, which takes into consideration the overlapping effect of electron clouds, is employed to calculate the total cross sections for electrons scattering from simple molecules （SO2, H2S, OCS, CS2 and SO3） containing the larger atom, sulfur, at 30-5000eV by using the additivity rule model at Hartree-Fock level. The quantitative molecular total cross section results are compared with those obtained in experiments and other calculations wherever available, and good agreement is obtained. It is shown that the additivity rule model together with the complex optical model potential modified by the concept of bonded atom can give the results closer to the experiments than the one unmodified by it. So, the introduction of bonded-atom concept in complex optical model potential betters the accuracy of the total cross section calculations of electrons from the molecules containing the larger atom, sulfur.

A modification potential method of calculating total cross sections of electrons scattering from complex molecules C2H6, C2F6, C6H6 and C6F6 at 100 eV-5000 eV

A complex optical model potential modified by incorporating the concept of bonded atom, which takes into consideration the overlapping effect of electron clouds between two atoms in a molecule, is first employed to calculate the total cross sections for electrons scattering from such complex molecules as C2H6, C2F6, C6H6 and C6F6 using the aclditivity rule model at Hartree-Fock level over the energy range from 100 eV to 5000 eV. The total cross sections are quantitatively compared with those obtained by experiments wherever available, and they are in good agreement with each other over a wide energy range. It is shown that the modified potential together with the additivity rule model is completely suitable for the calculation of total cross sections of electrons scattering from such complex molecules as C2H6, C2F6, C6H6 and C6F6 above 200 eV-300 eV.

A Modified Potential Method for Electrons Scattering Total Cross Section Calculations on Several Molecules at 30 ～ 5000 eV： CF4, CCl4, CFCl3, CF2Cl2, and CF3Cl

A complex optical model potential modified by the concept of bonded atom, which takes into consideration the overlapping effect of electron clouds between two atoms in a molecule, is employed to calculate the total cross sections （TCS5） for electrons scattering from several molecules （CF4, CCl4, CFCl3, CF2 Cl2, and CF3 Cl） over an incident energy range 30 - 5000 eV using the additivity rule model at Hartre-Fock level. The quantitative TCS5 are compared with those obtained by experiments and other theories wherever available, and good agreement is obtained above 100 eV. It is shown that the modified potential can successfully calculate the TCS5 of electron-molecule scattering over a wide energy range, especially at lower energies.

A Correlation Potential Method for Electron Scattering Total Cross Section Calculations on Several Diatomic and Polyatomic Molecules over Energy Range 10～5000eV

A complex optical model potential correlated by the concept of bonded atom, which considers the overlapping effect of electron clouds between two atoms in a molecule, is firstly employed to calculate the total cross sections for electron scattering on several molecules (NH3, H2O, CH4, CO, N2, O2, and C2H4) over the energy range 10 ～ 5000 eV using the additivity rule model at Hartree-Fock level. The difference between the bonded atom and the free one in states is that the overlapping effect of electron clouds of bonded atoms in a molecule is considered. The quantitative total cross sections are compared with the experimental data and with the other calculations wherever available and good agreement is obtained over the energy range 10 ～ 5000 eV. It is shown that the correlated calculations are much closer to the available experimental data than the uncorrelated ones at lower energies, especially below 500 eV. Therefore,considering the overlapping effect of electron clouds in the complex optical model potential could be helpful for the better accuracy of the total cross section calculations of electron scattering from molecules.

Close coupling calculations for excitation partial cross sections in Ne-HF collisions

This paper reports that an exact quantum close coupling calculation is carried out for rotational excitation in Ne HF collisions on the available anisotropic potential. Partial cross sections are obtained separately at the incident energies of 48.35, 75, 120 and 150meV. The reliability of the results is demonstrated by comparison with previously published theoretical findings. Based on the calculations, the effect of the potential energy surface on the excitation partial cross sections is discussed in detail.

Ar^+/Ar, O_2^+/O_2 and N_2^+/N_2 Elastic Momentum Collision Cross Sections: Calculation and Validation Using the Semi-Classical Model

The aim of this paper is to obtain relevant sets of collision cross sections of the parent ions in low pressure discharges in argon, oxygen, and nitrogen, i.e., Ar＋ in Ar, O2＋ in O2 and N2＋ in N2. These ion data are first discussed and then validated from comparisons between the calculated transport coefficients and those measured in the literature. The elastic momentum transfer collision cross sections are determined from a semi-classical approximation for the phase shift calculation based on a 12-6-4 inter-particle potential while ion transport coefficients are determined versus the reduced electric field from Monte Carlo simulations.

Unimolecular Dissociation of H⁺<sub style="margin-left:-6px;">2n+1</sub>Hydrogen Clusters: Measured Cross Sections and Theoretically Calculated Rate Constants

In this paper, we studied the process of dissociation unimolecular of the evaporation of H+2n+1 hydrogen clusters according to size, using the Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) theory. The rate constants k(E) were determined with the use of statistical theory of unimolecular reactions using various approximations. In our work, we used the products frequencies instead of transitions frequencies in the calculation of unimolecular dissociation rates obtained by three models RRKM. The agreement between the experimental cross section ratio and calculated rate ratio with direct count approximation seems to be reasonable.

Determination of Absorption Cross Section of J/ψ in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions

The absorption cross section σabs of J/ψ produced in relativistic heavy ioncollisions is deduced based on the analysis of the absorption length through which theproduced J/ψ passes in the colliding nuclei.The obtained σabs in A-A collisions is con-siderably higher than that in h-A processes.The reason for this different result is dis-cussed in terms of an analysis of the pT-dependence of the produced J/ψ.

Laser-induced quadrupole-quadrupole collisional energy transfer in Xe-Kr

By considering the relative velocity distribution function and multipole expansion interaction Hamiltonian, a three-state model for calculating the cross section of laser-induced quadrupole-quadrupole collisional energy transfer is presented. Calculated results in Xe-Kr system show that in the present system, the laser-induced collision process occurs for -4 ps, which is much shorter than the dipole-dipole laser-induced collisional energy transfer （LICET） process. The spectrum of laser-induced quadrupole quadrupole collisional energy transfer in Xe-Kr system has wider tunable range in an order of magnitude than the dipole-dipole LICET spectra. The peak cross section decreases and moves to the quasi-static wing with increasing temperature and the full width at half peak of the profile becomes larger as the system temperature increases.

Laser-induced collisional energy transfer in Sr-Li system

A four-state model considering the relative velocity distribution function for calculating the cross section of laserinduced collisional energy transfer in a Sr Li system is presented and profiles of laser-induced collision cross section are obtained. The resulting spectra obtained from different intermediate states are strongly asymmetrical in an opposite asymmetry. Both of the two intermediate states have contributions to the final state, and none of the intermediate states should be neglected. The peak of the laser-induced collisional energy transfer （LICET） profile shifts toward the red and the FWHM becomes narrower obviously with laser field intensity increasing. A cross section of 1.2 × 10^-12 cm2 at a laser field intensity of 2.17 ×107 V/m is obtained, which indicates that this collision process can be an effective way to transfer energy selectively from a storage state to a target state. The existence of saturation for cross section with the increase of the laser intensity shows that the high-intensity redistribution of transition probabilities is an important feature of this process, which is not accounted for in a two-state treatment.

Rovibrational quenching of BH in ultracold 3~He collisions

The interaction potential of a He-BH complex is investigated by the coupled-cluster single-double plus perturbative triples （CCSD （T）） method and an augmented correlation consistent polarized valence （aug-cc-pV）5Z basis set extended with a set of （3s3p2dlflg） midbond functions. Using the five two-dimensional model potentials, the first three-dimensional interaction potential energy surface is constructed by interpolating along （r-re） by using a fourth-order polynomial. The cross sections for the rovibrational relaxation of BH in cold and ultracold collisions with 3He atom are calculated based on the three-dimensional potential. The results show that the △v =-1 transition is more efficient than the △v=-2 transition, and that the process of relaxation takes place mainly between rotational energy levels with the same vibration state and the △j=-1 transition is the most efficient. The zero temperature quenching rate coefficient is finite as predicted by Wigner＇s law. The resonance is found to take place around 0.1-1 cm^-1 translational energy, which gives rise to a step in the rate coefficients for temperatures around 0.1-1 K. The final rotational distributions in the state v = 0 resulting from the quenching of state （v = 1,j = 0） at three energies corresponding to the three different regimes are also given.

Predicting ^(28)Si projectile fragmentation cross sections with Bayesian neural network method

This study utilizes the Bayesian neural network(BNN)method in machine learning to learn and predict the cross-sectional data of ^(28)Si projectile fragmentation for different targets at different energies and to quantify the uncertainty.The detailed modeling process of the BNN is presented,and its prediction results are compared with those of the Cummings,Nilsen,EPAX2,EPAX3,and FRACS models and experimental measurement values.The results reveal that,compared with other models,the BNN method achieves the smallest root-mean-square error(RMSE)and the highest agreement with the experimental values.Only the BNN method and FRACS model show a significant odd-even staggering effect;however,the results of the BNN method are closer to the experimental values.Furthermore,the BNN method is the only model capable of reproducing data features with low cross-section values at Z=9,and the average ratio of the predicted to experimental values of the BNN is close to 1.0.These results indicate that the BNN method can accurately reproduce and predict the fragment production cross sections of ^(28)Si projectile fragmentation and demonstrate its ability to capture key data characteristics.

等离子体隐身机理研究

等离子体隐身技术作为一种全新的隐身概念 ,日益受到人们的关注。本文首先简要介绍等离子体隐身的发展现状 ;然后分别从折射效应和吸收衰减两方面详细论述等离子体隐身的基本原理 ,说明等离子体隐身是一种很有前途的隐身方法。

H2诱导Cs（6DJ→Cs（7PJ′）碰撞转移截面

Cs蒸气置于十字交叉加热炉中,充入不同气压的H2,激光双光子激发Cs原子至6D3/2态,利用原子荧光光谱方法,研究了H2诱导6DJ→7PJ,的碰撞能量转移。测量不同氢气密度下直接6D3/2→6P3/2和敏化6D5/2→6P3/2,7P3/2→6S1/2和7P1/2→6S1/2的时间积分荧光强度,利用四粒子的速率方程分析,得到了6D3/2→7P3/2,6D3/2→7P1/2,6D5/2→7P3/2和6D5/2→7P1/2碰撞转移截面分别为(3.1±0.8)×10-16,(1.7±0.4)×10-16,(1.5±0.4)×10-16,(1.3±0.3)×10-16cm2。7PJ′态的猝灭截面分别为(2.5±0.6)×10-16cm2(对7P3/2)和(4.0±1.0)×10-16cm2(对7P1/2),它们主要是通过Cs(7PJ′)+H2→CsH+H反应产生的,而反应的相对活动性顺序为7P1/2>7P3/2。

亚稳态分子CO(a^3П)的电子态猝灭截面的络合物模型

根据碰撞络合物模型 ,在最大作用势取向和平均取向两种情况下 ,计算了亚稳态分子CO(a3П)的电子态猝灭的截面 。