As a natural organic polymer,xanthan gum(XG)can alleviate the plastic deformation of gel ink under strong stress and realize the reasonable regulation of the rheological properties of gel ink.However,as the double-hel...As a natural organic polymer,xanthan gum(XG)can alleviate the plastic deformation of gel ink under strong stress and realize the reasonable regulation of the rheological properties of gel ink.However,as the double-helix structure connected by hydrogen bonds cannot resist the mechanical environment of strong stress,XG shows poor shear resistance.In this study,a polymer gel with interpenetrating polymer network structure was prepared by esterifying XG,taking polystyrene maleic anhydride(SMA)as the modifier.In addition to retaining the excellent rheological properties of XG,the generated polymer gel also exhibited high shear resistance.The optimal addition amount of the esterification reaction modifier was determined as mXG:mSMA=5:3 according to the gel ink standard.With this amount,the viscosity of the modified xanthan gum(SXG)gel increased to 1578.8 mPa·s and 100.7 mPa·s at shear rates of 4 s1 and 383 s1,respectively,and the shear resistance increased more than 2 times compared to the unmodified one.It is because of the ester bond formed by esterification that the reaction strengthens the interaction between molecular segments,enabling the new gel to resist to strong mechanical stress.The new polymer gel studied in this paper and the proposed mechanism of action provide new insights for the development of high-end gel ink and also provide theoretical support for the study of rheological properties of non-Newtonian fluids.展开更多
Achieving flexible electronics with comfort and durability comparable to traditional textiles is one of the ultimate pursuits of smart wearables.Ink printing is desirable for e-textile development using a simple and i...Achieving flexible electronics with comfort and durability comparable to traditional textiles is one of the ultimate pursuits of smart wearables.Ink printing is desirable for e-textile development using a simple and inexpensive process.However,fabricating high-performance atop textiles with good dispersity,stability,biocompatibility,and wearability for high-resolution,large-scale manufacturing,and practical applications has remained challenging.Here,waterbased multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)-decorated liquid metal(LM)inks are proposed with carbonaceous gallium–indium micro-nanostructure.With the assistance of biopolymers,the sodium alginate-encapsulated LM droplets contain high carboxyl groups which non-covalently crosslink with silk sericin-mediated MWCNTs.E-textile can be prepared subsequently via printing technique and natural waterproof triboelectric coating,enabling good flexibility,hydrophilicity,breathability,wearability,biocompatibility,conductivity,stability,and excellent versatility,without any artificial chemicals.The obtained e-textile can be used in various applications with designable patterns and circuits.Multi-sensing applications of recognizing complex human motions,breathing,phonation,and pressure distribution are demonstrated with repeatable and reliable signals.Self-powered and energy-harvesting capabilities are also presented by driving electronic devices and lighting LEDs.As proof of concept,this work provides new opportunities in a scalable and sustainable way to develop novel wearable electronics and smart clothing for future commercial applications.展开更多
Oral ulcers can be managed using a variety of biomaterials that deliver drugs or cytokines.However,many patients experience minimal benefits from certain medical treatments because of poor compliance,short retention t...Oral ulcers can be managed using a variety of biomaterials that deliver drugs or cytokines.However,many patients experience minimal benefits from certain medical treatments because of poor compliance,short retention times in the oral cavity,and inadequate drug efficacy.Herein,we present a novel hydrogel patch(SCE2)composed of a biopolymer matrix(featuring ultraviolet-triggered adhesion properties)loaded with cuttlefish ink nanoparticles(possessing pro-healing functions).Applying a straightforward local method initiates the formation of a hydrogel barrier that adheres to mucosal injuries under the influence of ultraviolet light.SCE2 then demonstrates exceptional capabilities for near-infrared photothermal sterilization and neutralization of reactive oxygen species.These properties contribute to the elimination of bacteria and the management of the oxidation process,thus accelerating the healing phase’s progression from inflammation to proliferation.In studies involving diabetic rats with oral ulcers,the SCE2 adhesive patch significantly quickens recovery by altering the inflamed state of the injured area,facilitating rapid re-epithelialization,and fostering angiogenesis.In conclusion,this light-sensitive hydrogel patch offers a promising path to expedited wound healing,potentially transforming treatment strategies for clinical oral ulcers.展开更多
Finer nanoplates of silver are prepared by self-assembly on the surface of graphene,and the low-temperature sintered high conductivity ink containing the silver nanoplates is prepared.Most importantly,graphene is adde...Finer nanoplates of silver are prepared by self-assembly on the surface of graphene,and the low-temperature sintered high conductivity ink containing the silver nanoplates is prepared.Most importantly,graphene is added to the solution before the chemical reduction reaction occurs.Firstly,it is found that silver nanoplates have self-assembly phenomenon on the surface of graphene.Secondly,the Ag nano hexagonal platelets(AgNHPs)with small particle sizes(10 nm),narrow distribution and good dispersion are prepared.Especially,smaller sizes(10 nm)and narrower particle size distribution of AgNHPs particles can be easily controlled by using this process.Finally,the conductivity of the ink is excellent.For example,when the printed patterns were sintering at 150℃,the resistivity of the ink(GE:0.15 g/L)reached the minimum value of 2.2×10^-6 cm.And the resistivity value was 3.7×10^-6Ωcm,when it was sintered at 100℃ for 30 min.The conductive ink prepared can be used for the field of printing electronics as ink-jet printing ink.展开更多
Ink-jet printing of ceramic thick films is one of low cost on-site ceramic pattern fabrication methods.It is necessary to investigate the rheological behaviour of ceramic inks and drying behaviour of droplets.Two kind...Ink-jet printing of ceramic thick films is one of low cost on-site ceramic pattern fabrication methods.It is necessary to investigate the rheological behaviour of ceramic inks and drying behaviour of droplets.Two kinds of BaTiO3 ceramic inks were prepared by mechanical mixing and sol-gel methods,respectively.The effect of preparation parameters,such as quantity of polyacrylic acid(PAA)and solid content,on physicochemical and rheologic properties of the ceramic inks was investigated.The results show that they satisfy the requirements of continuous ink-jet printing.The appearances of printed dots and single printed layers were observed by SEM.The SEM images indicate that dots printed with mixing method ink are in ring shape,and dots printed with sol-gel method ink are in pancake shape,so the printed layer surface with the latter ink is smoother.The causes of these phenomena were discussed.展开更多
In this work, we study the stability of a class of materials obtained by printing a textile with conductive inks using a method called screen printing. Under the action of a certain external factors, the printed circu...In this work, we study the stability of a class of materials obtained by printing a textile with conductive inks using a method called screen printing. Under the action of a certain external factors, the printed circuit suffers deterioration and the conductivity decreases considerably. In this work, we propose to model the overall damage of the textile sheet in terms of the partial damages of the conductive lines. We also apply this approach to evaluate the damage of a system being made of transmission lines printed into nonwoven substrates using different conductive inks.展开更多
While the practice of tattooing has existed for thousands of years, it has recently begun growing in popularity in the US. With the increasing prevalence of tattoos, the methods and inks involved in the tattooing proc...While the practice of tattooing has existed for thousands of years, it has recently begun growing in popularity in the US. With the increasing prevalence of tattoos, the methods and inks involved in the tattooing process have also developed. Tattoos now use many brightly colored inks, often made using metal-based pigments. There is concern that chemicals may be present in tattoo inks in concentrations that may lead to human health concerns either during application or removal of tattoos. Since exposure to metals has been linked to tremors, liver damage, memory loss, cognitive loss, and even death, there is concern about the prevalence of metals in tattoo inks in general. To this end, a survey of 226 commercial tattoo inks was performed and each ink was analyzed for the presence of heavy metals using two different x-ray methods: Particle Induced X-Ray Emission and Scanning Electron Microscopy/ Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. Fifteen metals were identified in various tattoo inks by these rapid x-ray methods, including chromium, manganese, nickel, copper, barium, and lead. Conclusions can be drawn about the prevalence of metals in some pigment colors and from some brands.展开更多
Acetabular cups,which are among themost important implants in total hip arthroplasty,are usually made from titanium alloys with high porosity and adequate mechanical properties.The current three-dimensional(3D)printin...Acetabular cups,which are among themost important implants in total hip arthroplasty,are usually made from titanium alloys with high porosity and adequate mechanical properties.The current three-dimensional(3D)printing approaches to fabricate customized acetabular cups have some inherent disadvantages such as high cost and energy consumption,residual thermal stress,and relatively low efficiency.Thus,in this work,a direct ink writing method was developed to print a cup structure at room temperature,followed by multi-step heat treatment to form microscale porous structure within the acetabular cup.Our method is facilitated by the development of a self-supporting titanium-6 aluminum-4 vanadium(Ti64)ink that is composed of Ti64 particles,bentonite yield-stress additive,ultraviolet curable polymer,and photo-initiator.The effects of Ti64 and bentonite concentrations on the rheological properties and printability of inks were systematically investigated.Moreover,the printing conditions,geometrical limitations,and maximum curing depth were explored.Finally,some complex 3D structures,including lattices with different gap distances,honeycomb with a well-defined shape,and an acetabular cup with uniformly distributed micropores,were successfully printed/fabricated to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
To reduce the impact of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, popularly known as the Coronavirus, many public health-related rules have been established around the world. Along with social distancing and lockdowns, most countri...To reduce the impact of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, popularly known as the Coronavirus, many public health-related rules have been established around the world. Along with social distancing and lockdowns, most countries have mandatory wearing of face masks in public areas to limit the spread of the virus during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, because people are free to choose any method to make their masks, some are being fabricated from materials that can be toxic to the environment and human health. This paper discusses how inks and dyes used in face masks are causing major environmental degradation and health issues in industry workers and the general mask-wearing public. The goal fixed for the present study is to raise the alarm with authorities and decision-makers regarding the toxic nature of some colors (dyes and inks) and fabrics in the masks being worn every day.展开更多
Precursor (Metal-organic decomposition (MOD)) inks are used to fabricate 2D and 3D printed conductive structures directly onto a substrate. By formulating a nanoalloy structure containing multiple metals, the opportun...Precursor (Metal-organic decomposition (MOD)) inks are used to fabricate 2D and 3D printed conductive structures directly onto a substrate. By formulating a nanoalloy structure containing multiple metals, the opportunity to modify chemical and physical properties exists. In this paper, a copper-nickel bimetallic nanoalloy film was fabricated by mixing copper and nickel precursor inks and sintering them in vacuum. The individual elemental inks were formulated and characterized using SEM, EDS, and XRD. During thermal processing, elemental copper forms first and is followed by the formation of bimetallic copper-nickel alloy. The encapsulation of the underlying copper by the nickel-rich alloy provides excellent oxidation resistance. No change in film resistance was observed after the film was exposed to an oxygen plasma. Nanoalloy films printed using reactive metallic inks have a variety of important applications involving local control of alloy composition. Examples include facile formation of layered nanostructures, and electrical conductivity with oxidative stability.展开更多
The dysregulation of exosomal microRNAs(miRNAs)plays a crucial role in the development and progression of cancer.This study investigated the role of a newly identified serum exosomal miRNA miR-4256 in gastric cancer(G...The dysregulation of exosomal microRNAs(miRNAs)plays a crucial role in the development and progression of cancer.This study investigated the role of a newly identified serum exosomal miRNA miR-4256 in gastric cancer(GC)and the underlying mechanisms.The differentially expressed miRNAs were firstly identified in serum exosomes of GC patients and healthy individuals using next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics.Next,the expression of serum exosomal miR-4256 was analyzed in GC cells and GC tissues,and the role of miR-4256 in GC was investigated by in vitro and in vivo experiments.Then,the effect of miR-4256 on its downstream target genes HDAC5/p16^(INK4a) was studied in GC cells,and the underlying mechanisms were evaluated using dual luciferase reporter assay and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation(ChIP).Additionally,the role of the miR-4256/HDAC5/p16^(INK4a) axis in GC was studied using in vitro and in vivo experiments.Finally,the upstream regulators SMAD2/p300 that regulate miR-4256 expression and their role in GC were explored using in vitro experiments.miR-4256 was the most significantly upregulated miRNA and was overexpressed in GC cell lines and GC tissues;in vitro and in vivo results showed that miR-4256 promoted GC growth and progression.Mechanistically,miR-4256 enhanced HDAC5 expression by targeting the promoter of the HDAC5 gene in GC cells,and then restrained the expression of p16^(INK4a) through the epigenetic modulation of HDAC5 at the p16INK4a promoter.Furthermore,miR-4256 overexpression was positively regulated by the SMAD2/p300 complex in GC cells.Our data indicate that miR-4256 functions as an oncogene in GC via the SMAD2/miR-4256/HDAC5/p16^(INK4a) axis,which participates in GC progression and provides novel therapeutic and prognostic biomarkers for GC.展开更多
This work describes the application of a detailed set of TXRF evaluations to the elemental content of assorted tattoo inks, on the market of the city of Concepcion, Chile. We applied TXRF as a screening method for det...This work describes the application of a detailed set of TXRF evaluations to the elemental content of assorted tattoo inks, on the market of the city of Concepcion, Chile. We applied TXRF as a screening method for determining the composition in 3 sets of tattoo inks, in order to establish, from an inorganic point of view, the composition and purity of the samples, evaluating their elemental innocuousness. The analyzed 48 products were freely acquired from on line suppliers. All of them were analyzed by external standard quantification, but in order to inter-compare the results, a 15% of the samples were acidly digested and then quantified by the internal standard method. In the samples we determined: 1) their inorganic quantitative composition and, 2) the possible presence of elements which are potential health hazards. In this study few anomalies were found: 1) The high presence Ti of and W in few samples, 2) Arsenic was found in four of them, and 3) A trace detection of a rare earth element in a particular product. The products studied are almost freely imported from a world open marked, so the questions about their innocuousness could affect not only to the Chilean society.展开更多
基金supported by Shanxi Provincial Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Guidance Special Program of China(202104021301052)Shanxi Provincial Patent Transformation Special Plan Project(202202054,202306013).
文摘As a natural organic polymer,xanthan gum(XG)can alleviate the plastic deformation of gel ink under strong stress and realize the reasonable regulation of the rheological properties of gel ink.However,as the double-helix structure connected by hydrogen bonds cannot resist the mechanical environment of strong stress,XG shows poor shear resistance.In this study,a polymer gel with interpenetrating polymer network structure was prepared by esterifying XG,taking polystyrene maleic anhydride(SMA)as the modifier.In addition to retaining the excellent rheological properties of XG,the generated polymer gel also exhibited high shear resistance.The optimal addition amount of the esterification reaction modifier was determined as mXG:mSMA=5:3 according to the gel ink standard.With this amount,the viscosity of the modified xanthan gum(SXG)gel increased to 1578.8 mPa·s and 100.7 mPa·s at shear rates of 4 s1 and 383 s1,respectively,and the shear resistance increased more than 2 times compared to the unmodified one.It is because of the ester bond formed by esterification that the reaction strengthens the interaction between molecular segments,enabling the new gel to resist to strong mechanical stress.The new polymer gel studied in this paper and the proposed mechanism of action provide new insights for the development of high-end gel ink and also provide theoretical support for the study of rheological properties of non-Newtonian fluids.
基金funded by The Hong Kong Polytechnic University(Project No.1-WZ1Y,1-YXAK,1-W21C).
文摘Achieving flexible electronics with comfort and durability comparable to traditional textiles is one of the ultimate pursuits of smart wearables.Ink printing is desirable for e-textile development using a simple and inexpensive process.However,fabricating high-performance atop textiles with good dispersity,stability,biocompatibility,and wearability for high-resolution,large-scale manufacturing,and practical applications has remained challenging.Here,waterbased multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)-decorated liquid metal(LM)inks are proposed with carbonaceous gallium–indium micro-nanostructure.With the assistance of biopolymers,the sodium alginate-encapsulated LM droplets contain high carboxyl groups which non-covalently crosslink with silk sericin-mediated MWCNTs.E-textile can be prepared subsequently via printing technique and natural waterproof triboelectric coating,enabling good flexibility,hydrophilicity,breathability,wearability,biocompatibility,conductivity,stability,and excellent versatility,without any artificial chemicals.The obtained e-textile can be used in various applications with designable patterns and circuits.Multi-sensing applications of recognizing complex human motions,breathing,phonation,and pressure distribution are demonstrated with repeatable and reliable signals.Self-powered and energy-harvesting capabilities are also presented by driving electronic devices and lighting LEDs.As proof of concept,this work provides new opportunities in a scalable and sustainable way to develop novel wearable electronics and smart clothing for future commercial applications.
基金The financial backing for this research comes from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82371016,21977081,82071170)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholar(LR23C100001)+2 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Project for Public Welfare(LGF21H140004)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LQ22E030011)the Wenzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project(ZY2019009)。
文摘Oral ulcers can be managed using a variety of biomaterials that deliver drugs or cytokines.However,many patients experience minimal benefits from certain medical treatments because of poor compliance,short retention times in the oral cavity,and inadequate drug efficacy.Herein,we present a novel hydrogel patch(SCE2)composed of a biopolymer matrix(featuring ultraviolet-triggered adhesion properties)loaded with cuttlefish ink nanoparticles(possessing pro-healing functions).Applying a straightforward local method initiates the formation of a hydrogel barrier that adheres to mucosal injuries under the influence of ultraviolet light.SCE2 then demonstrates exceptional capabilities for near-infrared photothermal sterilization and neutralization of reactive oxygen species.These properties contribute to the elimination of bacteria and the management of the oxidation process,thus accelerating the healing phase’s progression from inflammation to proliferation.In studies involving diabetic rats with oral ulcers,the SCE2 adhesive patch significantly quickens recovery by altering the inflamed state of the injured area,facilitating rapid re-epithelialization,and fostering angiogenesis.In conclusion,this light-sensitive hydrogel patch offers a promising path to expedited wound healing,potentially transforming treatment strategies for clinical oral ulcers.
基金Project(2018GK4015)supported by the Hunan Provincial Strategic Emerging Industry Project,China
文摘Finer nanoplates of silver are prepared by self-assembly on the surface of graphene,and the low-temperature sintered high conductivity ink containing the silver nanoplates is prepared.Most importantly,graphene is added to the solution before the chemical reduction reaction occurs.Firstly,it is found that silver nanoplates have self-assembly phenomenon on the surface of graphene.Secondly,the Ag nano hexagonal platelets(AgNHPs)with small particle sizes(10 nm),narrow distribution and good dispersion are prepared.Especially,smaller sizes(10 nm)and narrower particle size distribution of AgNHPs particles can be easily controlled by using this process.Finally,the conductivity of the ink is excellent.For example,when the printed patterns were sintering at 150℃,the resistivity of the ink(GE:0.15 g/L)reached the minimum value of 2.2×10^-6 cm.And the resistivity value was 3.7×10^-6Ωcm,when it was sintered at 100℃ for 30 min.The conductive ink prepared can be used for the field of printing electronics as ink-jet printing ink.
基金Project(106151)supported by the Major Program of the Ministry of Education of ChinaProject(59842001)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Ink-jet printing of ceramic thick films is one of low cost on-site ceramic pattern fabrication methods.It is necessary to investigate the rheological behaviour of ceramic inks and drying behaviour of droplets.Two kinds of BaTiO3 ceramic inks were prepared by mechanical mixing and sol-gel methods,respectively.The effect of preparation parameters,such as quantity of polyacrylic acid(PAA)and solid content,on physicochemical and rheologic properties of the ceramic inks was investigated.The results show that they satisfy the requirements of continuous ink-jet printing.The appearances of printed dots and single printed layers were observed by SEM.The SEM images indicate that dots printed with mixing method ink are in ring shape,and dots printed with sol-gel method ink are in pancake shape,so the printed layer surface with the latter ink is smoother.The causes of these phenomena were discussed.
文摘In this work, we study the stability of a class of materials obtained by printing a textile with conductive inks using a method called screen printing. Under the action of a certain external factors, the printed circuit suffers deterioration and the conductivity decreases considerably. In this work, we propose to model the overall damage of the textile sheet in terms of the partial damages of the conductive lines. We also apply this approach to evaluate the damage of a system being made of transmission lines printed into nonwoven substrates using different conductive inks.
文摘While the practice of tattooing has existed for thousands of years, it has recently begun growing in popularity in the US. With the increasing prevalence of tattoos, the methods and inks involved in the tattooing process have also developed. Tattoos now use many brightly colored inks, often made using metal-based pigments. There is concern that chemicals may be present in tattoo inks in concentrations that may lead to human health concerns either during application or removal of tattoos. Since exposure to metals has been linked to tremors, liver damage, memory loss, cognitive loss, and even death, there is concern about the prevalence of metals in tattoo inks in general. To this end, a survey of 226 commercial tattoo inks was performed and each ink was analyzed for the presence of heavy metals using two different x-ray methods: Particle Induced X-Ray Emission and Scanning Electron Microscopy/ Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. Fifteen metals were identified in various tattoo inks by these rapid x-ray methods, including chromium, manganese, nickel, copper, barium, and lead. Conclusions can be drawn about the prevalence of metals in some pigment colors and from some brands.
基金supported by the Micro Grant (PG20473) at the University of Nevada, Reno, USA
文摘Acetabular cups,which are among themost important implants in total hip arthroplasty,are usually made from titanium alloys with high porosity and adequate mechanical properties.The current three-dimensional(3D)printing approaches to fabricate customized acetabular cups have some inherent disadvantages such as high cost and energy consumption,residual thermal stress,and relatively low efficiency.Thus,in this work,a direct ink writing method was developed to print a cup structure at room temperature,followed by multi-step heat treatment to form microscale porous structure within the acetabular cup.Our method is facilitated by the development of a self-supporting titanium-6 aluminum-4 vanadium(Ti64)ink that is composed of Ti64 particles,bentonite yield-stress additive,ultraviolet curable polymer,and photo-initiator.The effects of Ti64 and bentonite concentrations on the rheological properties and printability of inks were systematically investigated.Moreover,the printing conditions,geometrical limitations,and maximum curing depth were explored.Finally,some complex 3D structures,including lattices with different gap distances,honeycomb with a well-defined shape,and an acetabular cup with uniformly distributed micropores,were successfully printed/fabricated to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
文摘To reduce the impact of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, popularly known as the Coronavirus, many public health-related rules have been established around the world. Along with social distancing and lockdowns, most countries have mandatory wearing of face masks in public areas to limit the spread of the virus during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, because people are free to choose any method to make their masks, some are being fabricated from materials that can be toxic to the environment and human health. This paper discusses how inks and dyes used in face masks are causing major environmental degradation and health issues in industry workers and the general mask-wearing public. The goal fixed for the present study is to raise the alarm with authorities and decision-makers regarding the toxic nature of some colors (dyes and inks) and fabrics in the masks being worn every day.
文摘Precursor (Metal-organic decomposition (MOD)) inks are used to fabricate 2D and 3D printed conductive structures directly onto a substrate. By formulating a nanoalloy structure containing multiple metals, the opportunity to modify chemical and physical properties exists. In this paper, a copper-nickel bimetallic nanoalloy film was fabricated by mixing copper and nickel precursor inks and sintering them in vacuum. The individual elemental inks were formulated and characterized using SEM, EDS, and XRD. During thermal processing, elemental copper forms first and is followed by the formation of bimetallic copper-nickel alloy. The encapsulation of the underlying copper by the nickel-rich alloy provides excellent oxidation resistance. No change in film resistance was observed after the film was exposed to an oxygen plasma. Nanoalloy films printed using reactive metallic inks have a variety of important applications involving local control of alloy composition. Examples include facile formation of layered nanostructures, and electrical conductivity with oxidative stability.
基金The studies involving human participants were approved by The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University Ethics Committee(KY-2021-095)The participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study+1 种基金Animalinvolved experimental protocols were compliance with guidelines and licensesapproved by the Laboratory Animal Center of Jinan University(20220225-65).
文摘The dysregulation of exosomal microRNAs(miRNAs)plays a crucial role in the development and progression of cancer.This study investigated the role of a newly identified serum exosomal miRNA miR-4256 in gastric cancer(GC)and the underlying mechanisms.The differentially expressed miRNAs were firstly identified in serum exosomes of GC patients and healthy individuals using next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics.Next,the expression of serum exosomal miR-4256 was analyzed in GC cells and GC tissues,and the role of miR-4256 in GC was investigated by in vitro and in vivo experiments.Then,the effect of miR-4256 on its downstream target genes HDAC5/p16^(INK4a) was studied in GC cells,and the underlying mechanisms were evaluated using dual luciferase reporter assay and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation(ChIP).Additionally,the role of the miR-4256/HDAC5/p16^(INK4a) axis in GC was studied using in vitro and in vivo experiments.Finally,the upstream regulators SMAD2/p300 that regulate miR-4256 expression and their role in GC were explored using in vitro experiments.miR-4256 was the most significantly upregulated miRNA and was overexpressed in GC cell lines and GC tissues;in vitro and in vivo results showed that miR-4256 promoted GC growth and progression.Mechanistically,miR-4256 enhanced HDAC5 expression by targeting the promoter of the HDAC5 gene in GC cells,and then restrained the expression of p16^(INK4a) through the epigenetic modulation of HDAC5 at the p16INK4a promoter.Furthermore,miR-4256 overexpression was positively regulated by the SMAD2/p300 complex in GC cells.Our data indicate that miR-4256 functions as an oncogene in GC via the SMAD2/miR-4256/HDAC5/p16^(INK4a) axis,which participates in GC progression and provides novel therapeutic and prognostic biomarkers for GC.
文摘This work describes the application of a detailed set of TXRF evaluations to the elemental content of assorted tattoo inks, on the market of the city of Concepcion, Chile. We applied TXRF as a screening method for determining the composition in 3 sets of tattoo inks, in order to establish, from an inorganic point of view, the composition and purity of the samples, evaluating their elemental innocuousness. The analyzed 48 products were freely acquired from on line suppliers. All of them were analyzed by external standard quantification, but in order to inter-compare the results, a 15% of the samples were acidly digested and then quantified by the internal standard method. In the samples we determined: 1) their inorganic quantitative composition and, 2) the possible presence of elements which are potential health hazards. In this study few anomalies were found: 1) The high presence Ti of and W in few samples, 2) Arsenic was found in four of them, and 3) A trace detection of a rare earth element in a particular product. The products studied are almost freely imported from a world open marked, so the questions about their innocuousness could affect not only to the Chilean society.
