Assembly, Accretion and Break-up of the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic Columbia(Nuna) Supercontinent: Records in the North China Craton

Columbia(Nuna)is a Paleo-Mesoproterozoic supercontinent that was assembled during global 2.0–1.8Ga collisional events,underwent long-lived,subductionrelated accretion at key continental margins in the period

The boring billion? - Lid tectonics, continental growth and environmental change associated with the Columbia supercontinent

The evolution of Earth＇s biosphere,atmosphere and hydrosphere is tied to the formation of continental crust and its subsequent movements on tectonic plates.The supercontinent cycle posits that the continental crust is periodically amalgamated into a single landmass,subsequently breaking up and dispersing into various continental fragments.Columbia is possibly the first true supercontinent,it amalgamated during the 2.0-1.7 Ga period,and collisional orogenesis resulting from its formation peaked at 1.95-1.85 Ga.Geological and palaeomagnetic evidence indicate that Columbia remained as a quasi-integral continental lid until at least 1.3 Ga.Numerous break-up attempts are evidenced by dyke swarms with a large temporal and spatial range; however,palaeomagnetic and geologic evidence suggest these attempts remained unsuccessful.Rather than dispersing into continental fragments,the Columbia supercontinent underwent only minor modifications to form the next supercontinent （Rodinia） at 1.1 -0.9 Ga; these included the transformation of external accretionary belts into the internal Grenville and equivalent collisional belts.Although Columbia provides evidence for a form of ‘lid tectonics’,modern style plate tectonics occurred on its periphery in the form of accretionary orogens.The detrital zircon and preserved geological record are compatible with an increase in the volume of continental crust during Columbia＇s lifespan; this is a consequence of the continuous accretionary processes along its margins.The quiescence in plate tectonic movements during Columbia＇s lifespan is correlative with a long period of stability in Earth＇s atmospheric and oceanic chemistry.Increased variability starting at 1.3 Ga in the environmental record coincides with the transformation of Columbia to Rodinia; thus,the link between plate tectonics and environmental change is strengthened with this interpretation of supercontinent history.

Paleoproterozoic volcanic rocks in the southern margin of the North China Craton, central China:Implications for the Columbia supercontinent

The volcanic rocks of the Xiong’er Group are situated in the southern margin of the North China Craton(NCC).Research on the Xiong er Group is important to understand the tectonic evolution of the NCC and the Columbia supercontinent during the Paleoproterozoic.In this study,to constrain the age of the Xiong’er volcanic rocks and identify its tectonic environment,we report zircon LA-ICP-MS data with Hf isotope,whole-rock major and trace element compositions and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopes of the volcanic rocks of the Xiong’er Group.The Xiong’er volcanic rocks mainly consist of basaltic andesite,andesite.dacite and rhyolite,with minor basalt.Our new sets of data combined with those from previous studies indicate that Xiong’er volcanism should have lasted from 1827 Ma to 1746 Ma as the major phase of the volcanism.These volcanics have extremely low MgO.Cr and Ni contents,are enriched in LREEs and LILEs but depleted in HFSEs(Nb,Ta,and Ti),similar to arc-related volcanic rocks.They are characterized by negative zirconεHft values of-17.4 to 8.8,whole-rock initial 87Sr/86Sr values of 0.7023 to 0.7177 andεNd(t)values of-10.9 to 6.4.and Pb isotopes(206Pb/204Pb=14.366-16.431,207Pb/204Pb=15.106-15.371,208Pb/204Pb=32.455-37.422).The available elemental and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotope data suggest that the Xiong’er volcanic rocks were sourced from a mantle contaminated by continental crust.The volcanic rocks of the Xiong’er Group might have been generated by high-degree partial melting of a lithospheric mantle that was originally modified by oceanic subduction in the Archean.Thus,we suggest that the subduction-modified lithospheric mantle occurred in an extensional setting during the breakup of the Columbia supercontinent in the Late Paleoproterozoic,rather than in an arc setting.

Paleoproterozoic Nb-enriched meta-gabbros in the Quanji Massif,NW China:Implications for assembly of the Columbia supercontinent

Diverse models have been proposed for the role of the Tarim Craton within the Paleoproterozoic Columbia supercontinent assembly. Here we report a suite of-1.71 Ga Nb-enriched meta-gabbro lenses in the eastern Quanji Massif, within the Tarim Craton in NW China. The meta-gabbroic rocks have Nb contents of 11.5-16.4 ppm with Nb/La ratios varying from 0.84 to 1.02((Nb/La)_N = 0.81-0.98) and Nb/U ratios from 38.0 to 47.2. They show low SiO_2(45.1-48.5 wt.%) and MgO(5.96-6.81 wt.%) and Mg#(Mg# = Mg/(Mg + Fe) = 43.5-47.7), high FeO^t(13.0-15.7 wt.%) and moderate Ti02(1.70-2.51 wt.%).with tholeiitic affinities. These rocks possess low fractionated REE patterns without obvious Eu anomalies(Eu/Eu~* = 0.87-1.02). Their primitive mantle-normalized elements patterns display significant Zr-Hf troughs, positive Nb anomalies, weak negative Ti and P anomalies, and high contents of Rb and Ba,resembling Nb-enriched basalts generated in arc-related tectonic settings. Their arc-like geochemical signatures together with whole rock εNd(t) values of 0.4-2.1 and corresponding old T_(DM)(2.22-2.37 Ga)as well as(^(143)Nd/^(144)Nd)_t and(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)t(t = 1712 Ma) values of 0.5104-0.5105 and 0.7030-0.7058,respectively, suggest that their precursor magma originated from mantle wedge peridotite metasomatised by subduction-derived melts. The results from our study reveal subduction along the eastern periphery of the Tarim Craton and marginal outgrowth continuing to ~1.7 Ga within the Columbia supercontinent.

2.2Ga Subduction-Related Mafic Magmatic Rocks in the Kongling Complex:Evidence for the Assembly of the Columbia Supercontinent

Objective Petrogenesis of the Paleoproterozoic mafic dikes and their tectonic implications are of great significance to the tectonic evolution of the Yangtze craton as well as the paleoposition of the Yangtze craton relative to the Columbia supercontinent.Till now,

Did natural fission of^(235)U in the earth lead to formation of the supercontinent Columbia?

Steady decline in the percentage of 235U in terrestrial uranium made natural fission impos- sible after about 1.8 Ga. Fission before 1.8 Ga disturbed the lead isotope system at various places world- wide, such as Oklo, Gabon, and may have caused the first lead isotope paradox. Fission in areas of high uranium concentration may also have generated enough heat to localize sparse Archean and Paleoproter- ozoic UHT belts. The oldest widespread orogenic systems formed at approximately 2.0-1.8 Ga after fission stopped contributing to the earth＇s heat flow. These early orogenic systems partly created the supercontinent Columbia.

扬子板块西南缘古元古代双峰式岩浆事件:Columbia超大陆裂解的序幕?

在Columbia超大陆的聚合和裂解过程中,扬子板块西南缘扮演着重要角色,前人认为Columbia超大陆在古元古代末期—中元古代中期裂解,对于其最初裂解在扬子板块西南缘的响应时间存在~1.85 Ga及~1.75 Ga两种认识(Liu Kang et al.,2019;刘军平等,2020)。扬子板块西南缘广泛分布的古元古代1.77~1.65 Ga板内镁铁质岩浆活动代表着超大陆裂解的高峰,而古元古代双峰式岩浆作用则相对罕见。

安哥拉地块北部Dondo地区古元古代花岗岩岩石成因:Columbia超大陆聚合的响应

安哥拉西部地区广泛发育古元古代Eburnean造山期花岗岩,是研究安哥拉地块构造岩浆作用特征的理想场所。本文对安哥拉地块北部Dondo地区大面积出露的花岗岩开展系统的岩相学、岩石地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学研究。结果显示:Dondo地区斑状黑云母二长花岗岩与黑云母二长花岗岩的侵位年龄分别为(1983.3±7.7)Ma和(1956.6±7.5)Ma,均为古元古代中期岩浆活动的产物。全岩样品具有高SiO_(2)含量、富碱、高10~4Ga/Al值、高FeO^(T)/(FeO^(T)+MgO)值和Zr+Nb+Ce+Y含量,低MgO、TiO_(2)、CaO和P_(2)O_(5)含量的特征;微量元素富集Rb、K、Th、U、Zr和Hf,亏损Sr、Nb、Ta、P和Ti;稀土元素总量较高,轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,整体不具有显著的负Eu异常;锆饱和温度计算所有花岗岩的结晶温度为757~889℃;以上这些岩石地球化学特征与A2型花岗岩一致。岩相学及地球化学的数据表明,两种花岗岩可能由来源于下地壳物质与地幔来源基性岩浆混合所形成。两种花岗岩具有相似的形成时代、矿物组成和连续的主微量元素变化趋势,这些特征表明它们的原始岩浆来自同一岩浆房,而二者之间特征的差别是由岩浆房内的晶体-熔体分异所主导。据此,本文认为:产生钾长石斑晶的岩浆曾经在地壳深部作过长时间滞留,导致钾长石稳定结晶,增加了岩浆的黏度和密度,使岩浆处于冻结状态;随后在幔源岩浆注入带来的热扰动和富集挥发分的作用下,冻结岩浆房迅速活化,从而发生晶体-熔体的分离,抽离的熔体形成了黑云母二长花岗岩,而混有先存晶体的岩浆则形成了斑状黑云母二长花岗岩。综合区域和全球构造演化历史,本次研究认为Dondo地区花岗岩形成于巴西Sao Francisco克拉通和Congo克拉通后碰撞的构造环境,该期岩浆活动可能是Columbia超大陆的碰撞造山事件在安哥拉地块的响应。

Mechanism of Zhongtiao Aulacogen Related to Breakup of Columbia Supercontinent

The mechanism of the breakup of supercontinent is a scientific frontier in the field of supercontinent study.The rifting and breakup of supercontinent has long been considered to be related to mantle plume.Paleo-

Mesoproterozoic Nuna Supercontinent and the Geomagnetic Field in Light of Recent Paleomagnetic Data from Diabase Dykes of Finland

The number of good quality paleomagnetic data of the Mesoproterozoic supercontinent Nuna(e.g.Columbia,Hudsonland)has increased in recent years enabling more reliable global continental reconstructions(e.g Hoffman

Strange attractors, spiritual interlopers and lonely wanderers:The search for pre-Pangean supercontinents

The observation is made that there are very strong similarities between the supercontinents Columbia, Rodinia and Pangea. If plate tectonics was operating over the past 2.5 billion years of Earth history, and dominated by extroversion and introversion of ocean basins, it would be unusual for three superconti-nents to resemble one another so closely. The term＇strange attractor＇ is applied to landmasses that form a coherent geometry in all three supercontinents. Baltica, Laurentia and Siberia form a group of＇strange attractors＇ as do the elements of East Gondwana （India, Australia, Antarctica, Madagascar）. The elements of ＂West Gondwana＂ are positioned as a slightly looser amalgam of cratonic blocks in all three super-continents and are referred to as ＇spiritual interlopers＇. Relatively few landmasses （the South China, North China, Kalahari and perhaps Tarim cratons） are positioned in distinct locations within each of the three supercontinents and these are referred to as＇lonely wanderers＇. 〈br〉 There may be several explanations for why these supercontinents show such remarkable similarities. One possibility is that modern-style plate tectonics did not begin until the late Neoproterozoic and horizontal motions were restricted and a vertical style of ＇lid tectonics＇ dominated. If motions were limited for most of the Proterozoic, it would explain the remarkable similarities seen in the Columbia and Rodinia supercontinents, but would still require the strange attractors to rift, drift and return to approximately the same geometry within Pangea. 〈br〉 A second possibility is that our views of older supercontinents are shaped by well-known connections documented for the most recent supercontinent, Pangea. It is intriguing that three of the four ＇lonely wanderers＇ （Tarim, North China, South China） did not unite until just before, or slightly after the breakup of Pangea. The fourth＇lonely wanderer＇, the Kalahari （and core Kaapvaal） craton has a somewhat unique Archean-age geology compared to its nearest neighbors in Gondwana, but very similar to that in western Australia.

Isotopic and geochemical constraints for a Paleoproterozoic accretionary orogen in the Borborema Province,NE Brazil:Implications for reconstructing Nuna/Columbia

The Alto MoxotóTerrane of the Borborema Province presents a wide exposure of Paleoproterozoic crust,but unlike other continental blocks of South America,its orogenic history is strongly obliterated by late Neoproterozoic deformation.New isotopic and geochemical studies were conducted in mafic-ultramafic(Fazenda Carmo Suite)and granitic-gneissic rocks(Riacho do Navio Suite)within the terrane.The former present zircon U-Pb crystallization ages at ca.2.13 Ga,whereas Sm-Nd data suggests a juvenile origin via melting of early Paleoproterozoic to Archean peridotitic sources.Geochemical data for these rocks are compatible with tholeiitic magmas with some degree of crustal contamination and trace element distribution points to a continental-arc related setting interpreted as remnants of the early stages of subduction.In contrast,the Riacho do Navio Suite was emplaced at ca.2.08 Ga and has highly negativeεNd(t)values indicating crustal reworking.The suite displays calc-alkali to alkali-calcic and ferroan geochemical signatures compatible with Cordilleran magmas.In addition,trace-element distribution as well as discriminant diagrams suggest that the precursor magmas were generated during the later stages of a continental arc or in a syn-collisional setting.Based on our results,we suggest that the studied units might represent missing pieces of a Paleoproterozoic accretionary orogen that formed the crustal framework of the Alto MoxotóTerrane,and that this represents a block associated with assembly of the Nuna/Columbia supercontinent,which is now largely hidden within the Neoproterozoic orogenic belts of West Gondwana.

中亚造山带东部微陆块在Columbia—Rodinia超大陆演化中的岩浆—沉积记录

中亚造山带东部分布有多个具有前寒武纪基底的微陆块(额尔古纳、兴安、松嫩和佳木斯地块),其上存在大量元古宙地质记录,包括2.5~2.4 Ga、1.8 Ga、1.5~1.4 Ga、0.9~0.6 Ga岩浆事件和中—新元古代沉积序列,它们是回答微陆块与Columbia和Rodinia超大陆演化联系和地球中年期演化的关键对象。额尔古纳、兴安和松嫩地块发育相似的2.5~1.8 Ga基底岩石且其间缺少古老的蛇绿岩,它们可能构成了一个联合陆块,其陆核至少在2.7 Ga前已经形成,从华北克拉通北部裂解出去并在其周缘演化,2.5 Ga和1.8 Ga经历了洋陆俯冲作用,未参与克拉通化过程。1.87~1.80 Ga岩浆作用很可能是Columbia超大陆周缘俯冲作用于古老的微陆块之下的产物;兴安地块西部和白乃庙岛弧带1.45~1.32 Ga A型花岗岩—流纹岩组合及其向陆缘Hf同位素持续亏损的趋势与劳伦南部Granite—Rhyolite Province和波罗的克拉通西南Fennoscandia十分相似,可能是Columbia超大陆周缘俯冲后撤伸展的产物,俯冲后撤和陆下地幔上涌共同促进了Columbia超大陆的伸展和裂解。兴安地块西部发育岩石组合、碎屑锆石年龄和Hf同位素变化与格林威尔造山有关的同碰撞和碰撞后沉积序列相似的沉积地层,而且碎屑锆石微量元素和Hf同位素随时代的系统性变化也揭示了1.10~0.98 Ga地壳明显加厚,伴有大量古老地壳物质重熔,0.9~0.8 Ga地壳持续减薄,以古老地壳再造为主,这与Rodinia超大陆聚合阶段格林威尔造山(1080~980 Ma)及随后的垮塌伸展过程基本吻合。松嫩地块东北部954 Ma正长花岗岩很可能是松嫩与佳木斯地块陆—陆碰撞后阶段沉积岩部分熔融的产物,可能代表了Rodinia超大陆碰撞聚合在中亚造山带东部的响应。超大陆周缘前进式俯冲引发佳木斯地块与松嫩—兴安—额尔古纳联合陆块在954 Ma前碰撞拼贴,同时在外缘的佳木斯地块上产生953~939 Ma中钾—高钾钙碱性基性—中性—酸性岩组合,920~880 Ma在各地块上广泛发育中酸性钙碱性岩浆作用。从850 Ma开始,后撤式俯冲导致大量高温的钙碱性酸性岩、双峰式岩浆岩组合产出于松嫩和额尔古纳地块上,直至777 Ma和697 Ma之前开始不断裂解产生古牡丹江洋和古新林洋,而且790~560 Ma期间在额尔古纳地块西北缘、松嫩地块东缘均发育被动大陆边缘沉积,记录了Rodinia超大陆的聚合、伸展—裂解过程。另外,中亚造山带东部乃至全球其他块体上大量1.5~1.3 Ga和1.0~0.7 Ga与超大陆聚合、伸展—裂解有关的“低谷期”地质记录被不断发掘出来,暗示了地球中年期并不是前人认为的构造宁静期。

从华北燕辽岩床群到哥伦比亚超大陆巨型裂谷系——燕辽大火成岩省近20年研究回顾与展望

近20年的研究工作表明,华北克拉通北部燕辽地区侵入到中元古代沉积地层中的大规模辉绿岩床群构成了一个1.32 Ga的基性大火成岩省。该大火成岩省与华北克拉通西北缘白云鄂博矿区富稀土-铌火成碳酸岩相伴生。大火成岩省、沉积地层对比和古地磁资料研究结果表明,燕辽大火成岩省与北澳大利亚克拉通代理姆-加里温库大火成岩省是被大陆裂解分割开来的同一个基性大火成岩省的组成部分,显示1.8~1.3 Ga期间华北克拉通北-北东缘与北澳大利亚克拉通北缘在哥伦比亚(奴那)超大陆中长期相邻(连)。全球1.4~1.3 Ga大火成岩省及基性岩浆活动的时空分布及其岩石学、地球化学及同位素组成对比研究显示,这些全球广泛分布的大火成岩省或基性岩浆活动主要形成于裂谷环境。结合1.4 Ga左右哥伦比亚超大陆古地理重建结果,发现在哥伦比亚超大陆中存在沿劳伦(北美+格陵兰)克拉通西缘、西伯利亚克拉通西缘及北缘、波罗地克拉通东南缘、西非克拉通西缘及北缘、亚马逊克拉通西南缘、刚果/圣弗朗西斯科克拉通南缘及东缘、卡拉哈里克拉通东缘、华北克拉通北缘及北澳大利亚克拉通北缘分布,长度>15000 km的巨型裂谷系。该巨型裂谷系由一个主裂谷带和三个分支裂谷组成,其中主裂谷带和位于华北与北澳大利亚克拉通之间的分支裂谷发展成了大洋,并导致了大陆分离;而位于西伯利亚东缘、格陵兰北缘和波罗地东缘的1.38 Ga分支裂谷,以及位于北美北缘和西伯利亚西南缘的1.35~1.32 Ga分支裂谷则为夭折裂谷,未导致大陆裂离。这一巨型裂谷系是哥伦比亚超大陆裂解的重要标志,并可能是其最终裂解的最主要原因。另外,研究结果也显示,虽然全球两个最大规模的火成碳酸岩型稀土矿床,即华北克拉通西北缘的白云鄂博超大型稀土矿床和北美克拉通西缘的Mountain Pass超大型稀土矿床在哥伦比亚超大陆中并不相邻(相连),但却可以通过1.4~1.3 Ga巨型裂谷系相联系起来,显示这一巨型裂谷系控制了白云鄂博和Mountain Pass大型稀土矿床的形成,并具有较好的稀土及金属成矿潜力。未来需要进一步加强燕辽辉绿岩床群侵位机制与岩浆补给系统,岩床侵位过程中温室气体排放量定量估算及其环境效应,哥伦比亚超大陆中1.4~1.3 Ga巨型裂谷系的形成机制、深部动力学背景、环境效应及资源能源潜力等方面的研究。

燕山地区团山子组层凝灰岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

燕辽地区长城群年代学工作一直是华北克拉通中元古代地质学研究的重点之一。由于团山子组与下伏串岭沟组界限年龄不明确,且此前的年龄都是来自于其中的火山熔岩锆石的年龄,亟待新的测年工作加以验证和完善。本文作者在北京市密云区、平谷区的团山子组下部发现了层凝灰岩,并对其开展了系统的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年,获得两个高精度年龄1634±9Ma和1637±8Ma,进一步精确限定了该组的形成年代。结合前人研究,燕辽地区团山子组的底界、也即下伏串岭沟组顶界年龄,可进一步限定为1638Ma。由此可对燕辽地区长城群地层格架进行更准确的年代学厘定,并进一步确认其整体处于持续拉张的裂谷-被动陆缘背景下的快速沉积特征、以及长城群团山子组-大红峪组与华北克拉通南缘汝阳群洛峪口组等相关沉积更为精确的对比关系。结合其他资料还可推断,在团山子组-大红峪组及洛峪口组等形成时,华北克拉通南北两侧都开始被碳酸盐岩浅海覆盖,且最终还可能在其中部出现了南北联通的碳酸盐岩浅海通道。这显示出华北克拉通与早先所拼合克拉通之间已产生明显的拉张性疏离及新生海洋,应标志着华北克拉通从哥伦比亚超大陆裂解的新阶段。

华北克拉通中元古代A型花岗岩的成因及其构造意义

华北克拉通保存有与Columbia超大陆裂解相关的中元古代岩浆记录。本文综述了华北克拉通中元古代A型花岗岩的时空分布、岩石学和地球化学等特征,讨论了各期次A型花岗岩的成因及构造背景,论述了其对华北克拉通中元古代裂解事件的指示意义。华北克拉通主要发育4期A型花岗岩:1)~1.78 Ga A型花岗岩主要分布于南缘熊耳裂陷槽和晋陕地区;2)~1.70 Ga A型花岗岩主要分布于北缘渣尔泰—白云鄂博和燕辽裂陷槽;3)~1.60 Ga A型花岗岩主要分布于南缘熊耳裂陷槽;4)~1.32 Ga A型花岗岩主要分布于北缘渣尔泰—白云鄂博和燕辽裂陷槽。这4期A型花岗岩均来源于地壳物质的部分熔融,可能与同期伸展作用导致岩浆底侵提供热源有关。整体具有造山后伸展到陆内裂谷环境的演化序列,且存在明显的时空差异。华北克拉通中元古代A型花岗岩记录了4期主要的裂解事件,为华北克拉通参与了Columbia超大陆裂解提供了依据。

云南东川铜矿区古元古代辉绿岩地球化学——Columbia超级大陆裂解在扬子陆块西南缘的响应

近年研究显示，古元古代晚期，扬子陆块西南缘发生了大规模的地幔物质上涌事件。本文系统报道了康滇地区中部东川铜矿因民一落雪矿区古元古代辉绿岩的地球化学特征。主量元素中MgO含量较高，为6．16％～9．65％，Mg2＋平均为72．2；富Na20，Na20／K20为1．3～9．8；低Si02，45．61％～49．34％；低TiOz，0．74％～2．74％；FeO／MgO小于1，表明本区辉绿岩初始岩浆相对较原始，MgO与主要组分的相关性表明岩浆早期出现过轻微的橄榄石、斜方辉石及铬铁矿、钛铁矿结晶分异。（La／Yb）。为1．66～4．37，8Eu为1．04～1．22，稀土元素球粒陨石的配分呈平缓右倾模式，出现Eu的弱正异常。富集Rb、Ba等大离子半径元素，MORB配分为向右陡倾模式，出现突出的Rb、Ba峰，Zr、Hf弱负异常，多数样品没有明显的Nb、Ta异常。eNd，为一0．2～3．8，初始87Sr／86Sr。值为0．7055-0．7084。东川地区辉绿岩的源区为尖晶石二辉橄榄岩相，为较亏损的过渡型地幔部分熔融的产物，轻度混染主要源于陆下岩石圈地幔及少量的下地壳物质。东川古元古代辉绿岩地球化学表现为明显的板内玄武岩、E—MORB和0IB的特征，表明古元古代末期，扬子陆块西南缘发生了大规模的陆内裂谷拉张事件，与全球性Columbia超级大陆裂解同步，可能与地幔柱活动密切相关。

扬子板块西南部古元古代岩浆及变质事件——兼论扬子板块对Nuna超大陆事件的响应

寻找扬子板块西南地区古老结晶基底一直是众多地质学者追寻的目标,其涉及扬子板块在Nuna超大陆重建中的位置和演化过程,也是前寒武纪研究的重要课题。继在扬子板块西南部中国云南石屏撮科村首次报道2.35Ga花岗片麻岩结晶基底后,又在撮科村-高家坡一带3个花岗岩样品中分别获得了2347.3±4.9Ma、2324.3±8.6Ma和2329.4±5.9Ma的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄,进一步确认扬子板块西南部中国境内存在2.32~2.35Ga的岩浆事件,其应为Nuna超大陆汇聚期Arrowsmith造山事件在扬子板块的响应。另在1件糜棱岩化花岗闪长岩样品中获得了1909.8±5.7Ma和1843.1±7.6Ma两组年龄,在扬子板块西南部中国境内首次发现1.90Ga和1.84Ga的构造或变质事件。结合前人研究成果,确定扬子板块西南部存在2.91~2.84Ga,2.36~2.32Ga,2.28~2.19Ga的岩浆事件,以及1.97~1.95Ga,1.90Ga,1.84~1.83Ga的变质事件,为确定扬子板块在Nuna超大陆重建中的位置提供了更多证据。

塔里木克拉通东北缘Columbia超大陆裂解事件:库鲁克塔格地区辉绿岩床的地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf-O同位素证据

研究塔里木克拉通东北缘库鲁克塔格地区发育的中元古代早期基性岩浆活动,对深入了解Columbia超大陆裂解过程具有重要意义。本文报道了库鲁克塔格地区侵入于兴地塔格群的阿斯廷布拉克辉绿岩床SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄,结合岩石学、地球化学和Nd-Hf-O同位素资料,对该基性岩的形成时代、岩浆起源和源区类型以及岩浆作用的动力学背景进行讨论。研究表明:辉绿岩锆石具有高Th/U比值(>1),CL图像带状分区,显示基性岩浆锆石特点,207Pb/206Pb 加权平均年龄(1 551±8) Ma代表辉绿岩的形成时代,锆石δ18O值为5.52‰-6.53‰(正态分布的峰值为5.8‰),略高于地幔锆石的变化范围。辉绿岩高FeOT(11.4%-13.4%),低MgO(5.46%-7.11%)和TiO2(1.51%-2.45%),具有拉斑质属性,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显((La/Yb)N=4.6-5.4),具弱的Eu正异常(δEu=1.05-1.27),富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素(HFSE),微量元素组成与大陆溢流玄武岩(CFB)类似,全岩Nd(εNd(t)=-3.8--1.8)和锆石Hf(εHf(t)=-3.7-1.9)同位素均显示岩浆来自富集地幔。阿斯廷布拉克辉绿岩是被交代的大陆岩石圈地幔部分熔融的产物,形成于板内的拉张环境,与该时期全球构造演化体制相吻合,属于中元古代早期Columbia超大陆裂解事件。

华北克拉通北缘Columbia超大陆裂解事件:来自燕辽裂陷槽中部长城系碱性火山岩的地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素证据

本文报导了华北克拉通北缘燕辽裂陷槽中部长城系大红峪组、团山子组碱性玄武质岩和侵入串岭沟组基性岩脉的岩石学、地球化学以及锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素特征。结合区域地质资料与前人研究成果,对这些碱性玄武岩与基性岩脉的时代问题、岩浆岩起源和源区类型以及岩浆作用的动力学背景进行了讨论。研究表明大红峪组碱性玄武岩和串岭沟组基性岩脉分别形成于1624±9Ma和1620±9Ma,二者在误差范围内一致;这些基性岩浆岩普遍具有高的Zr含量（94×10-6～196×10-6）、富集轻稀土（（La/Yb）N=10.63～21.97）及大离子亲石元素,大多数样品无明显的Eu异常,微量元素组成与OIB相似。锆石Hf同位素显示弱亏损特征,εHf（t）值为-0.6～3.8。燕辽裂陷槽中部长城系碱性岩的原始岩浆可能起源于同一软流圈地幔源区的低程度部分熔融（2%～3%）,且有岩石圈地幔物质加入。岩浆受地壳混染的程度低,经历了强烈的结晶分异作用。研究进一步表明,燕辽裂陷槽中部长城系碱性岩从1635Ma（团山子组）开始喷发,1625Ma达到峰期,大红峪组地层沉积时间晚于1635Ma。联系该阶段全球各大陆情况,华北地区该期的碱性岩岩浆事件应与哥伦比亚超大陆裂解有关。