Evaluation of slope stability through rock mass classification and kinematic analysis of some major slopes along NH-1A from Ramban to Banihal, North Western Himalayas

The network of Himalayan roadways and highways connects some remote regions of valleys or hill slopes,which is vital for India’s socio-economic growth.Due to natural and artificial factors,frequency of slope instabilities along the networks has been increasing over last few decades.Assessment of stability of natural and artificial slopes due to construction of these connecting road networks is significant in safely executing these roads throughout the year.Several rock mass classification methods are generally used to assess the strength and deformability of rock mass.This study assesses slope stability along the NH-1A of Ramban district of North Western Himalayas.Various structurally and non-structurally controlled rock mass classification systems have been applied to assess the stability conditions of 14 slopes.For evaluating the stability of these slopes,kinematic analysis was performed along with geological strength index(GSI),rock mass rating(RMR),continuous slope mass rating(CoSMR),slope mass rating(SMR),and Q-slope in the present study.The SMR gives three slopes as completely unstable while CoSMR suggests four slopes as completely unstable.The stability of all slopes was also analyzed using a design chart under dynamic and static conditions by slope stability rating(SSR)for the factor of safety(FoS)of 1.2 and 1 respectively.Q-slope with probability of failure(PoF)1%gives two slopes as stable slopes.Stable slope angle has been determined based on the Q-slope safe angle equation and SSR design chart based on the FoS.The value ranges given by different empirical classifications were RMR(37-74),GSI(27.3-58.5),SMR(11-59),and CoSMR(3.39-74.56).Good relationship was found among RMR&SSR and RMR&GSI with correlation coefficient(R 2)value of 0.815 and 0.6866,respectively.Lastly,a comparative stability of all these slopes based on the above classification has been performed to identify the most critical slope along this road.

Static and Dynamic Analysis Web Opening of Steel Beams

According to the purpose of the opening and the structural designer, the shape of the web opening is decided. It is too easy to choose the shape of openings from regular shape whether it is circular or rectangular shape. The presence of openings in the web of steel beams decreases stiffness of the beam and introducing a larger deflection than in the steel web opening with solid opening. A steel beam with web opening is analyzed in this paper. ABAQUS software is using for analyzing nonlinear static and dynamic opening of steel beam with different position and supporting conditions.

Static and Dynamic Analysis of Lasing Action from Single and Coupled Photonic Crystal Nanocavity Lasers

The single and coupled photonic crystal nanocavity lasers are fabricated in the InGaAsP material system and their static and dynamic features are compared. The coupled-cavity lasers show a larger lasing e^ciency and generate an output power higher than the single-cavity lasers, results that are consistent with the theoretical results obtained by rate equations. In dynamic regime, the single-cavity lasers produce pulses as short as 113 ps, while the coupled-cavity lasers show a significantly longer lasing duration. These results indicate that the photonic crystal laser is a promising candidate for the light source in high-speed photonic integrated circuit.

THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF VIBRATION STRUCTURE OF VERTICAL DYNAMIC BALANCING MACHINE

A new type of vibration structure (i.e. supporting system, called swing frame cus- tomarily) of vertical dynamic balancing machine has been designed, which is based on an analysis for the swing frame of a traditional double-plane vertical dynamic balancing machine. The static unbalance and couple unbalance can be e?ectively separated by using the new dynamic balancing machine with the new swing frame. By building the dynamics model, the advantages of the new structure are discussed in detail. The modal and harmonic response are analyzed by using the ANSYS7.0. By comparing the ?nite element modal analysis with the experimental modal analy- sis, the natural frequencies and vibration modes are found. There are many spring boards in the new swing frame. Their sti?nesses are di?erent and assorted with each other. Furthermore, there are three sensors on the measuring points. Therefore, the new dynamic balancing machine can measure static unbalance and coupling unbalance directly, and the interaction between them is faint. The result shows that the new vertical dynamic balancing machine is suitable for inertial measurement of ?ying objects, and can overcome the shortcomings of traditional double-plane vertical dynamic balancing machines, which the e?ect of plane-separation is inferior. The vertical dynamic balancing machine with the new vibration structure can ?nd wide application in the future. The modelling and analysis of the new vibration structure will provide theoretical basis and practical experience for designing new-type vertical dynamic balancing machines.

Pseudo-static/dynamic solutions of required reinforcement force for steep slopes using discretization-based kinematic analysis

This paper presents a procedure for assessing the reinforcement force of geosynthetics required for maintaining dynamic stability of a steep soil slope. Such a procedure is achieved with the use of the discretization technique and kinematic analysis of plasticity theory, i.e. discretization-based kinematic analysis. The discretization technique allows discretization of the analyzed slope into various components and generation of a kinematically admissible failure mechanism based on an associated flow rule.Accordingly, variations in soil properties including soil cohesion, internal friction angle and unit weight are accounted for with ease, while the conventional kinematic analysis fails to consider the changes in soil properties. The spatialetemporal effects of dynamic accelerations represented by primary and shear seismic waves are considered using the pseudo-dynamic approach. In the presence of geosynthetic reinforcement, tensile failure is discussed providing that the geosynthetics are installed with sufficient length. Equating the total rates of work done by external forces to the internal rates of work yields the upper bound solution of required reinforcement force, below which slopes fail. The reinforcement force is sought by optimizing the objective function with regard to independent variables, and presented in a normalized form. Pseudo-static analysis is a special case and hence readily transformed from pseudodynamic analysis. Comparisons of the pseudo-static/dynamic solutions calculated in this study are highlighted. Although the pseudo-static approach yields a conservative solution, its ability to give a reasonable result is substantiated for steep slopes. In order to provide a more meaningful solution to a stability analysis, the pseudo-dynamic approach is recommended due to considerations of spatial etemporal effect of earthquake input.

Static and Dynamic Integrated Analysis Scheme for Android Malware

The Android platform is the most popular mobile operating system.With the increase of the number of Android users,a lot of security issues have occurred.In order to detect the malicious behaviors for the installed Android Apps,in this paper,we propose an Android malware detecting scheme by integrating static and dynamic analysis methods.We use Androguard and Droid Box to extract the features,and then remove the irrelevant features.Then we employ the support vector machine（SVM） to classify the Android malware and benignware.From the result of our proposed scheme,the proposed integrated static and dynamic analysis scheme with SVM can effectively detect the Android malware.

Impact of Earthquake Action on the Design and Sizing of Jointed Masonry Structures in South Kivu, DRC

This article deals with the investigation of the effects of seismic impacts on the design and dimensioning of structures in South Kivu. The starting point is the observation of an ambivalence that can be observed in the province, namely the non-consideration of seismic action in the study of structures by both professionals and researchers. The main objective of the study is to show the importance of dynamic analysis of structures in South Kivu. It adopts a meta-analytical approach referring to previous researches on South Kivu and proposes an efficient and optimal method. To arrive at the results, we use Eurocode 7 and 8. In addition, we conducted static analysis using the Coulomb method and dynamic analysis using the Mononobe-Okabe method and compared the results. At Nyabibwe, the results showed that we have a deviation of 24.47% for slip stability, 12.038% for overturning stability and 9.677% for stability against punching through a weight wall.

On Static English and Dynamic Chinese through Tess of the D'urbervilles and its Two Versions in Chinese

Based on Tess of the D'urbervilles and its two versions in Chinese, the static feature of English is clarifi ed from two aspects: preponderance of nouns and feeble verbs while the dynamic feature of Chinese is refl ected by the frequent and fl exible application of verbs and verbal reduplication. The realistic value of this contrastive analysis is that it can point out the key points and diffi culties in learning English which is helpful for FL teaching, translation and lexicography.

Cryptocurrency Transaction Network Embedding From Static and Dynamic Perspectives: An Overview

Cryptocurrency, as a typical application scene of blockchain, has attracted broad interests from both industrial and academic communities. With its rapid development, the cryptocurrency transaction network embedding(CTNE) has become a hot topic. It embeds transaction nodes into low-dimensional feature space while effectively maintaining a network structure,thereby discovering desired patterns demonstrating involved users' normal and abnormal behaviors. Based on a wide investigation into the state-of-the-art CTNE, this survey has made the following efforts: 1) categorizing recent progress of CTNE methods, 2) summarizing the publicly available cryptocurrency transaction network datasets, 3) evaluating several widely-adopted methods to show their performance in several typical evaluation protocols, and 4) discussing the future trends of CTNE. By doing so, it strives to provide a systematic and comprehensive overview of existing CTNE methods from static to dynamic perspectives,thereby promoting further research into this emerging and important field.

UAV-mounted Ground Penetrating Radar: an example for the stability analysis of a mountain rock debris slope

This paper describes scientific research conducted to highlight the potential of an integrated GPR-UAV system in engineering-geological applications.The analysis focused on the stability of a natural scree slope in the Germanasca Valley,in the western Italian Alps.As a consequence of its steep shape and the related geological hazard,the study used different remote sensed methodologies such as UAV photogrammetry and geophysics survey by a GPR-drone integrated system.Furthermore,conventional in-situ surveys led to the collection of geological and geomorphological data.The use of the UAV-mounted GPR allowed us to investigate the bedrock depth under the detrital slope deposit,using a non-invasive technique able to conduct surveys on inaccessible areas prone to hazardous conditions for operators.The collected evidence and the results of the analysis highlighted the stability of the slope with Factors of Safety,verified in static conditions(i.e.,natural static condition and static condition with snow cover),slightly above the stability limit value of 1.On the contrary,the dynamic loading conditions(i.e.,seismic action applied)showed a Factor of Safety below the stability limit value.The UAV-mounted GPR represented an essential contribution to the surveys allowing the definition of the interface debris deposit-bedrock,which are useful to design the slope model and to evaluate the scree slope stability in different conditions.

Equating incremental dynamic analysis with static nonlinear analysis at near-field excitation

In an incremental dynamic analysis(IDA) using a set of ground motion records,nonlinear time history analysis needs to be performed on structures.It is well recognized that IDA calls for high computational efforts and the results are highly sensitive to selected ground motions.As a result,alternative static methods are needed.This study aims to introduce a new double-stage(N1- N2) static method to estimate capacity curves of MR frames.The technique is regulated to resemble IDA results with specific emphasis on near-field ground motions.Using an ensemble of 56 near-field earthquake records,required ID As have been carried out for SAC-Los Angeles 3-,9- and 20-story buildings and an additional 15-story building.The results of the proposed static method are compared with those from IDA,displacement-based adaptive procedure(DAP),and multimodal procedure(MMP).The results indicate that in addition to enhanced accuracy,very little time is required in the case of N1-N2 method.Thus,for the 3-story structure,the time required is less than 1 minute.The proposed N1-N2 method shows the best accuracy in terms of lateral mechanisms for the 15-story frame while for the other cases,the first mode load pattern leads to the best accuracy.

Analysis of static structural mechanics of vertical axis wind turbine with lift-drag combined starting structures

The finite element analysis was carried out for a composite vertical axis wind turbine with lift-drag combined starting structures to ensure the structure safety of a vertical axis wind turbine(VAWT).The static and modal analysis of rotor of a composite vertical axis wind turbine was conducted by using ANSYS software.The relevant contour sketch of stress and deformation was obtained.The analysis was made for static structural mechanics,modal analysis of rotor and the total deformation and vibration profile to evaluate the influence on the working capability of the rotor.The analysis results show that the various structure parameters lie in the safety range of structural mechanics in the relative standards.The analysis showing the design safe to operate the rotor of a vertical axis wind turbine.The methods used in this study can be used as a good reference for the structural mechanics′analysis of VAWTs.

FE Modeling and Analysis of Isotropic and Orthotropic Beams Using First Order Shear Deformation Theory

In the present work, a finite element model is developed to analyze the response of isotropic and orthotropic beams, a common structural element for aeronautics and astronautic applications. The assumed field displacements equations of the beams are represented by a first order shear deformation theory, the Timoshenko beam theory. The equations of motion of the beams are derived using Hamilton’s principle. The shear correction factor is used to improve the obtained results. A MATLAB code is constructed to compute the natural frequencies and the static deformations for both types of beams with different boundary conditions. Numerical calculations are carried out to clarify the effects of the thickness-to-length ratio on both the Eigen values and the deflections of the beams due to the applied mechanical load. The obtained results of the proposed model are compared to the available results of other investigators, good agreement is generally obtained.

Stochastic Finite Element Analysis of Plate and Shell Construction

The response of random plate and shell construction is analyzed with the stochastic finite element method (SFEM). Random material properties and geometric dimensions of construction are involved in this paper. A simplified isoparametric local average model is used to describe the random field. Numerical results of the examples indicate that the approach presented herein is an economical and efficient solution for such an analysis compared with Monte Carlo simulation (MCS).

Static and Dynamic Analyses of Long-Span Spatial Steel-Cable-Membrane Hybrid Structures

With the increment of the complexity of structural systems and the span of spatial structures, the interactions between parts of the structures, especially between some flexible substructures, become too complex to be analyzed clearly. In this paper, taking an actual gymnasium of a long-span spatial steel-cable-membrane hybrid structure as the calculation model, the static and dynamic analyses of the hybrid structures are performed by employing the global analysis of the whole hybrid structure and the substructural analysis of the truss arch substructure, the cable-membrane substructure, etc. In addition, the comparison of stresses and displacements of structural members in the global and substructural analyses is made. The numerical results show that serious errors exist in the substructural analysis of the hybrid structure, and the global analysis is necessary for the hybrid structure under the excitation of static loads and seismic loads.

Malware Analysis and Classification: A Survey

One of the major and serious threats on the Internet today is malicious software, often referred to as a malware. The malwares being designed by attackers are polymorphic and metamorphic which have the ability to change their code as they propagate. Moreover, the diversity and volume of their variants severely undermine the effectiveness of traditional defenses which typically use signature based techniques and are unable to detect the previously unknown malicious executables. The variants of malware families share typical behavioral patterns reflecting their origin and purpose. The behavioral patterns obtained either statically or dynamically can be exploited to detect and classify unknown malwares into their known families using machine learning techniques. This survey paper provides an overview of techniques for analyzing and classifying the malwares.

Shift-share Analysis on International Tourism Competitiveness——A Case of Jiangsu Province

Shift-share analysis has been confirmed a useful approach in the study of regional economics and many kinds of extended shift-share models have been advanced and put into practice in economic studies, but few have hitherto been introduced and applied to the tourism research in China. Moreover understanding the spatially competitive relationship is of paramount importance for marketers, developers, and planners involved in tourism strategy development. Based on international tourism receipts from 1995 to 2004, this study aims at probing into the spatial competitiveness of interna- tional tourism in Jiangsu Province in comparison with its neighbors by applying a spatially extended shift-share model and a modified dynamic shift-share model. The empirical results illustrate that exceptional years may exist in the ap- plication of dynamic shift-share models. To solve this issue, modifications to dynamic shift-share model are put forward. The analytical results are not only presented but also explained by the comparison of background conditions of tourism development between Jiangsu and its key competitors. The conclusions can be drawn that the growth of international tourism receipts in Jiangsu mainly attributes to the national component and the competitive component and Zhejiang is the most important rival to Jiangsu during the period of 1995-2004. In order to upgrade the tourism competitiveness, it is indispensable for Jiangsu to take proper positioning, promoting and marketing strategies and to cooperate and integrate with its main rivals.

Nonlinear dynamics of flexible rotor system supported on fixed-tilting pad combination journal bearing

Based on the Reynolds equation with Reynolds boundary conditions,the Castelli method was employed to solve the Reynolds equation for oil lubrication upon bearings.By doing so,a profile of nonlinear oil film force of single-pad journal bearings is established.According to the structure of combination journal bearings,nonlinear oil film force of combination journal bearing is obtained by retrieval,interpolation and assembly techniques.As for symmetrical flexible Jeffcott rotor systems supported by combination journal bearings,the nonlinear motions of the center of the rotor are calculated by the self-adaptive Runge-Kutta method and Poincaré mapping with different rotational speeds.The numerical results show that the system performance is slightly better when the pivot ratio changes from 0.5 to 0.6,and reveals nonlinear phenomena of periodic,period-doubing,quasi-periodic motion,etc.

Vector form Intrinsic Finite Element Method for the Two-Dimensional Analysis of Marine Risers with Large Deformations

Robust numerical models that describe the complex behaviors of risers are needed because these constitute dynamically sensitive systems. This paper presents a simple and efficient algorithm for the nonlinear static and dynamic analyses of marine risers. The proposed approach uses the vector form intrinsic finite element(VFIFE) method, which is based on vector mechanics theory and numerical calculation. In this method, the risers are described by a set of particles directly governed by Newton's second law and are connected by weightless elements that can only resist internal forces. The method does not require the integration of the stiffness matrix, nor does it need iterations to solve the governing equations. Due to these advantages, the method can easily increase or decrease the element and change the boundary conditions, thus representing an innovative concept of solving nonlinear behaviors, such as large deformation and large displacement. To prove the feasibility of the VFIFE method in the analysis of the risers, rigid and flexible risers belonging to two different categories of marine risers, which usually have differences in modeling and solving methods, are employed in the present study. In the analysis, the plane beam element is adopted in the simulation of interaction forces between the particles and the axial force, shear force, and bending moment are also considered. The results are compared with the conventional finite element method(FEM) and those reported in the related literature. The findings revealed that both the rigid and flexible risers could be modeled in a similar unified analysis model and that the VFIFE method is feasible for solving problems related to the complex behaviors of marine risers.