Nursing Effects of Medical Treatment Combination on Patients at High Risk of Developing Pressure Ulcers at Rural Homes

Objective:To explore the nursing effects of medical treatment combination on patients at high risk of developing pressure ulcers at rural homes.Methods:From January 2018 to December 2018,86 patients at high risk of developing pressure ulcers at rural homes who were in Wenjiang Hospital were randomly divided into a control group and an observed group.The control group received the routine publicity and education and visiting,while the observed group adopted the cooperative nursing model of medical treatment combination.Then compare the healing status and nursing satisfaction of the two groups.Results:Of the 43 patients with pressure ulcers in the observed group,18 had been in the second stage of pressure ulcers and 16 had been healed;14 had been in the third stage of pressure ulcers and 8 had been healed;11 had been in the fourth stage of pressure ulcers and 5 had been healed.The nursing satisfaction of the patients in the observed group was 95.35%.Conclusion:Conducting medical treatment combination on patients at high risk of developing pressure ulcers at rural homes can effectively improve the patients’and their families’awareness of pressure ulcer nursing,standardize their nursing behaviour,help recover the patients themselves and promote the patients’satisfaction.

COMMENTS ON THE STUDY OF ACUPOINT COMBINATION AND REMEDIES FOR TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS WITH ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION

In the present paper, the author reviews the progresses in the study on acumoxi (acupuncture-moxi-bustion) treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) from Chinese ancient classical works, Chinese and foreign journals. The therapeutic results reveal that acupuncture treatment of DM is effective in improving DM patients' symptoms via vagal-nerve reflex, regulation of neuroendocrine and immune functions. The author holds that ① correct selection of acupoints in accordance with syndrome differentiation and the related meridians and combined application of acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicines (for oral administration) are the key points for raising the therapeutic effect; and ② acupoint combination and curative methods need to be researched further.

Electrospun trilayer eccentric Janus nanofibers for a combined treatment of periodontitis

Oral diseases are common and prevalent,affecting people's health and seriously impairing their quality of life.The implantable class of materials for a safe,convenient,and comprehensive cure of periodontitis is highly desired.This study shows a proof-of-concept demonstration about the implant fibrous membranes.The fibers having a trilayer eccentric side-by-side structure are fabricated using the multiple-fluid electrospinning,and are fine candidates for treating periodontitis.In the trilayer eccentric side-by-side composite nanofibers,the outermost layer contains a hydrophilic polymer and a drug called ketoprofen,which can reach a release of 50%within 0.37 h,providing a rapid pain relief and anti-inflammatory effect.The middle layer is loaded with metronidazole,which is manipulated to be released in a sustained manner.The innermost layer is loaded with nano-hydroxyapatite,which can directly contact with periodontal tissues to achieve the effect of promoting alveolar bone growth.The experimental results indicate that the developed implant films have good wettability,fine mechanical properties,biodegradability,and excellent antibacterial properties.The implant films can reduce inflammatory responses and promote osteoblast formation by down-regulating interleukin 6 and up-regulating osteoprotegerin expression.In addition,their composite nanostructures exhibit the desired promotional effects on fibroblast attachment,infiltration,proliferation,and differentiation.Overall,the developed fibrous implant films show strong potential for use in a combined treatment of periodontitis.The protocols reported here pave a new way to develop multi-chamber based advanced fiber materials for realizing the desired functional performances through a robust process-structure-performance relationship.

Impact of specialized nursing outpatient case management on postcoronary artery bypass grafting patients

BACKGROUND Some patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease experience major adverse cardiac events(MACE)and require readmission after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting(CABG)surgery.This is often attributed to patients'unhealthy lifestyles and dietary habits,inadequate understanding of the disease,and poor disease management compliance.Thus,searching for more targeted nursing intervention models that can enhance patients'self-management abilities and reduce the risk of readmission after CABG surgery is significant.AIM To observe the impact of specialized nursing outpatient case management on patients after CABG surgery.METHODS A total of 103 patients who underwent CABG surgery in our hospital between April 2021 and April 2022 comprised the study sample.The patients were divided into two groups using an odd-even number grouping method.The control group received routine nursing care,while the case management group received specialized nursing outpatient case management.The differences in psychological status,adherence to medical treatment,self-care ability,knowledge mastery,quality of life scores,and the occurrence rate of MACE were compared between the two groups.RESULTS After the intervention,the case management group had lower scores on the selfrating depression scale and self-rating anxiety scale and lower MACE rate,as well as higher scores for adherence to a healthy diet,medication adherence,good lifestyle habits,regular exercise,and timely follow-up,higher scores on the Coronary Heart Disease Self-Management Scale,higher scores for managing adverse habits,symptoms,emotional cognition,emergency response,disease knowledge,general lifestyle,and treatment adherence,higher scores for understanding coronary heart disease,recognizing the importance of medication adherence,understanding selfcare points after CABG surgery,and being aware of post-CABG precautions,higher scores for physical well-being,disease condition,general health,social-psychological well-being,and work-related aspects(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Specialized nursing outpatient case management can enhance patient adherence to medical treatment,knowledge mastery,psychological well-being,and overall quality of life in patients after CABG surgery.

Effect of Glycerol Fructose Combined with Mannitol on Patients with Cerebral Hemorrhage and Cerebral Edema

Objective:To observe the effect of glycerol fructose combined with mannitol in the treatment of patients with clinical intracerebral hemorrhage complicated by cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure,and to evaluate the clinical application value of this treatment.Methods:Seventy patients with cerebral hemorrhage complicated by brain edema were randomly divided into observation and control groups.Both groups had exactly the same number of study participants.There were some differences in specific treatment methods.The specific process is as follows:The control group was treated with mannitol,while the observation group was treated with dual-purpose glycerol fructose.Several important indicators after treatment in the two groups were scored,the effects between different groups were compared,and the effect of clinical treatment was evaluated.Results:The final effect was compared and analyzed.After data analysis,we found that the intracranial pressure of the observation group was lower,the volume of brain edema was significantly reduced(P<0.05),and the NIH Stroke Scale/Score(NIHSS)was lower(P<0.05).Conclusion:Using mannitol combined with glycerol fructose can achieve better treatment effect by significantly improving the problem of brain edema.

基于Anderson模型社区老年人医养结合服务的利用水平及影响因素研究

目的探究基于卫生服务利用的Anderson模型,了解社区居家老年人目前医养结合服务利用水平及影响因素,旨在推进优化服务体系建设。方法对上海市浦东新区某街道内长护险服务覆盖的居家养老老年人进行问卷调查并分析,调查内容包括倾向特征、促进资源和需要三个层面的影响因素和医养结合服务利用水平现状。结果调查共收到问卷2348份,有效问卷2302份,问卷有效回收率为98.04%。不同长护险评估等级的老年人中年龄段(年龄段占比)、文化程度、疾病数量、需要帮助程度,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。27项生活护理服务中,利用率排名前六的项目依次为指/趾甲护理、手/足部清洁、沐浴、梳理/洗发、温水擦浴、头面部清洁;15项常用医疗护理服务方面,目前“未利用任意一项”的占比为61.86%。多元线性回归模型提示,倾向因素中的年龄对生活照护服务、整体医养结合服务利用均有正向影响(P<0.05),文化程度对生活照护服务、整体医养结合服务利用均有负面影响(P<0.05);促使因素中的医保类别、生活来源、照护费用对各服务利用均无影响(P>0.05);需要因素中的需要帮助程度、疾病数量、长护险等级对生活照护服务、医疗护理照护服务、整体医养结合服务利用均有正向影响(P<0.05)。结论长护险制度协调了居家养老的老年人的服务需求与服务供给,各项服务的利用水平仍有待进一步提升,服务模式有待优化。

基于Andersen模型的“医养结合“型机构养老需求的影响因素研究

目的了解老年人对“医养结合”型机构养老需求的现状及其影响因素,为构建多层级、持续性“医养结合”长期照护服务体系提供循证依据。方法采用多阶段抽样方法,抽取厦门市6个区,16个街道/镇,44个社区,3260名60周岁及以上老年人进行面对面问卷调查。基于Andersen理论模型,采用卡方检验分析人群分布差异,采用二元logistic回归分析方法从倾向性因素、使能因素、需要因素等方面分析老年人对“医养结合”型机构养老需求的影响因素。结果大多数老年人选择传统的居家养老(82.01%),仅有12.89%的老年人表示希望入住“医养结合”型养老机构。倾向性因素中,年龄越大、文化水平越高、居住在农村的老年人更倾向于选择医养结合养老模式,OR值均大于1(P<0.05);使能因素中,在婚、主要由配偶照护、经济状况越好的老年人倾向于医养结合式养老,OR值均大于1(P<0.01);需要因素中,老年人自理情况越差越倾向于入住“医养结合”型养老机构(P<0.01)。使能因素对模型的贡献度最大,对医养结合养老需求的影响最大。结论厦门市老年人对于“医养结合”机构养老模式的需求高于一般的机构养老需求。“医养结合”型机构养老需求受年龄、文化程度、居住地、收入、照护情况和自理能力等因素影响,其中使能因素影响最大。

基于Andersen行为模型的社区老年人医养结合养老需求分析

背景我国医养结合发展中屡遇瓶颈,仍有诸多问题亟待解决。而老年人多阶段、多层次、多元化的医养结合养老需求是影响机构发展及其服务实现的"源头性"问题,精准把握并分析其需求现状,是健康合理发展医养结合、改善供需错位状况、实现资源优化配置的有力保障。目的调查泸州市社区老年人对医养结合的认知及需求情况,并分析其影响因素,为发展医养结合养老模式提供依据。方法 2018年2—5月采用便利抽样法选取泸州市符合纳入标准的社区老年人650例,采用一般资料调查表、医养结合相关情况调查表、衰弱综合评估量表、抑郁自评量表、社会支持评定量表进行调查;以Andersen行为模型为基础,将调查内容中关于社区老年人医养结合养老需求的影响因素分别纳入倾向性因素、使能因素和需求性因素,构建3个Logistic回归模型进行分析,采用Hosmer-Lemeshow检验模型预测概率及拟合优度,采用二元Logistic回归分析社区老年人医养结合养老需求的影响因素。结果共发放问卷650份,回收有效问卷627份,有效回收率为96.5%。627例老年人中,340例(54.2%)对医养结合有所了解,416例(66.3%)表示有医养结合养老需求。模型Ⅱ和模型Ⅲ的-2对数似然值(-2LL)均小于模型Ⅰ,Cox&Snell R^2、Nagelkerke R^2均大于模型Ⅰ;模型Ⅲ的-2LL小于模型Ⅱ,Cox&Snell R^2、Nagelkerke R^2均大于模型Ⅱ,表明模型Ⅲ对样本的拟合程度最好。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄[OR=1.692,95%CI(1.118,2.560)]、子女数[OR=0.571,95%CI(0.407,0.800)]、就医方便度[OR=2.931,95%CI(2.117,4.058)]、社会支持度[OR=0.455,95%CI(0.326,0.635)]、慢性病患病情况[OR=1.999,95%CI(1.343,2.975)]、医养结合认知水平[OR=1.719,95%CI(1.222,2.418)]、衰弱程度[OR=2.495,95%CI(1.666,3.736)]、抑郁程度[OR=1.914,95%CI(1.296,2.827)]是社区老年人医养结合养老需求的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论泸州市社区老年人医养结合知晓、需求水平较高,医养结合养老需求受多种因素的影响,建议政府、企业及后续研究者在今后的调查研究过程中对不同影响因素加以分类分析。医养结合养老服务仍需先行试点,逐步开展。

基于政策工具的河南省医养结合政策文本分析

目的:选取2016~2023年河南省医养结合政策文本为研究对象,研究分析政策文本内容的特征及不足,提出合理化建议,为完善河南省医养结合政策体系提供参考。方法:以政策工具为视角,结合参与主体维度构建二维分析框架,采用内容分析法对27个政策文本进行分析,得到有效编码172条。结果:政策工具结构不平衡,供给型政策工具占29%,需求型政策工具占8%,环境型政策工具占63%;参与主体分布不均衡,政府参与占61%,养老机构参与占8%,医疗卫生机构参与占16%,社会组织参与占12%,健康产业参与占3%。结论:河南省医养结合政策内容丰富、层次鲜明、目标清晰,但政策工具结构不平衡、参与主体分布不均衡,要优化政策工具间结构、协调各参与主体在政策工具中分布、加强各参与主体在各个政策工具中的交互协作,促进河南省医养结合政策发展。

北京市老年人医养结合的难点与对策:机构的视角

中国老年群体在全国人口中的比例越来越大,如何通过医养结合真正做到老有所养、病有所医,是当前亟须解决的重要难题。以北京市为例,分析了北京市医养结合的发展形势,通过对北京三种主要的医养结合模式进行实地调研,从组织机构的视角总结不同模式面临的困难和挑战,建议进一步统筹协调京津冀医养结合政策,加快长期照护险落地,加强养老人才队伍的专业化建设,强化对养老机构的标准化建设和监管,大力发展科技养老、智慧养老。

基于治未病理论灸药同治对实体恶性肿瘤化疗患者骨髓抑制的预防作用

目的:基于治未病理论探讨灸药同治对实体恶性肿瘤化疗患者骨髓抑制的预防作用。方法:选取2019年1月至2022年1月于武汉科技大学附属武汉亚心总医院接受治疗的实体恶性肿瘤化疗患者120例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组60例。对照组常规接受化疗,观察组化疗前连续3 d给予灸药同治(艾灸+加味八珍汤)。比较治疗前、化疗后7 d 2组患者中医证候积分、血常规[血红蛋白(Hb)、白细胞计数(WBC)、血小板计数(PLT)、中性粒细胞计数(NEUT)]、生命质量[卡诺夫斯凯计分(KPS)、中国癌症患者生命质量(QOL_(2))调查问卷],比较化疗后7 d 2组患者骨髓抑制情况[发生率、严重程度、重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhG-CSF)使用情况]。结果:化疗后7 d,2组患者中医证候积分升高,但观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);Hb、WBC、PLT、NEUT、KPS评分及QOL_(2)评分降低,但观察组高于对照组(均P<0.05);观察组骨髓抑制发生率、rhG-CSF使用率低于对照组,0、Ⅰ度比例高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论:基于治未病理论,灸药同治能够改善实体恶性肿瘤化疗患者临床症状及血常规,提高患者生命质量,减少骨髓抑制的发生。

医联体背景下护理专科联盟的建设与思考

目的在医联体背景下建立护理专科联盟,探讨护理专科联盟建设的成效。方法2022年11月1日通过问卷星以南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院为护理专科联盟理事长单位的14个护理联盟发放调查问卷。比较实施前后各护理专科联盟单位护理专科联盟实施成效及护理专科联盟护理质量督查情况。结果实施后,护理专科联盟单位的护理管理能力、护士理论考核、护士操作考核、实境考核、护理人员职业认同感、患者满意度评分均高于实施前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实施后,护理专科联盟分级护理质量、急救药品物品质量、消毒隔离质量评分均高于实施前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论成立护理专科联盟是优质护理资源下沉的新思路,有利于提升护理专科联盟的护理管理水平,护士的核心能力,提高基层护理服务质量,提升基层患者就医的获得感。

智能化导诊信息系统在儿童专科医院的构建及应用

目的:构建智能化导诊信息系统,并评价该系统在儿童专科医院门诊工作中的应用效果,为提升就诊质量及效率提供参考。方法:建立规则引擎,采用信息化方法根据患儿主诉、症状和体征进行预检分诊,系统自动决策推荐就诊科室或专业,同时对接院内多个子系统,形成门诊就诊全链条的信息化导诊系统。选取北京市某三级甲等儿童医院2022年10月1日至2023年6月30日就诊患儿为对照组,采用传统的预检分诊及就诊流程;选取2023年7月1日至2024年3月31日就诊患儿为实验组,采用智能化导诊信息系统进行就诊。比较两组患儿的就诊质量,患儿及家长和门诊在岗护士对该系统的使用评价。结果:与智能化导诊信息系统应用前比较,应用后门诊退号率及投诉率有所降低(P<0.05),预检分诊准确率和满意度均有显著提升(P<0.05);患儿及家长对该系统使用的体验感、指导性、便捷性、准确性及全面性5个维度的评价得分均>4.93分,门诊在岗护士评价得分>4.13分。结论:应用智能化导诊信息系统可有效降低门诊退号率及投诉率,提升预检分诊准确率及患者满意度,有利于优化门诊就诊流程及提高护理服务质量。

医养服务机构质量评价指标体系的构建与初步应用

目的以“结构-过程-结果”理论为框架,构建医养服务机构质量评价指标体系并初步应用。方法基于文献研究、小组讨论、德尔菲法及层次分析法,确定评价指标体系和各指标权重。应用该指标体系在长沙市3家医养服务机构进行现场评价。结果共进行2轮函询,专家权威系数分别为0.915和0.927,协调系数分别为0.211和0.164,最终确定一级指标3个,二级指标13个,三级指标53个。评价指标体系的Cronbach'sα系数为0.786,平均内容效度指数为0.862。在3家医养服务机构进行的预调查效果较好。结论医养服务机构质量评价指标体系信度、效度较好。构建的指标科学、合理、实用性强,能有效评价医养服务机构质量并发现问题。

医养结合护理模式在老年患者髋关节置换术后的应用效果

目的探讨以医养结合为主体的中医护理模式在老年髋关节置换术后患者中的应用效果。方法便利抽取2021年4月至2022年4月在佛山市中医院关节外科行髋关节置换术的63例患者作为对照组,2022年5月至2023年5月的64例行髋关节置换术的患者作为观察组。对照组在术后采用常规的康复护理训练方案,观察组在对照组基础上,采用医养结合为主体的中医康复护理方案,干预1、3个月后评估两组的髋关节功能、恐动症、日常活动能力评分。结果干预1、3个月后,观察组的髋关节功能评分、恐动症评分、日常活动能力评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于医养结合的中医护理模式有助于提高老年髋关节置换术后患者髋关节功能和降低恐动症水平,并提升患者的日常生活能力,值得临床推广。

医院信息化建设在儿科门诊就医的发展与思考

基于国内医院信息化建设的现状和发展趋势,本文对加快信息化系统建设提出针对性建议,包括加强区域医联体地区间的协作、构建敏感指标预警及控制信息系统、深度整理及高效利用诊疗过程数据、拓展移动终端的信息化健康教育等。以期为医院信息化建设在儿科管理领域的进一步发展提供启示和参考,同时为医护管理者提供可靠的决策依据,从而提高医院护理质量与管理水平。

医联体县级医院静脉输液治疗专科护理帮扶体系的构建

目的:构建医联体县级医院静脉输液治疗专科护理帮扶体系,为医联体县级医院静脉输液治疗专科护理帮扶提供依据。方法:以“结构-过程-结果”三维质量结构理论为理论基础,运用文献回顾、问卷调查、半结构式访谈初步拟定县级医院静脉输液治疗专科护理帮扶体系初稿,采用德尔菲专家咨询法构建医联体县级医院静脉输液治疗专科护理帮扶体系终稿。结果:3轮专家咨询问卷有效回收率分别为91.3%、100.0%、100.0%,专家权威系数均为0.931,肯德尔协调系数分别为0.239、0.244、0.312,经χ2检验,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。最终形成的医联体县级医院静脉输液治疗专科护理帮扶体系包括结构、过程、结果3项一级指标、11项二级指标和54项三级指标。结论:医联体县级医院静脉输液治疗专科护理帮扶体系具有科学性、可靠性和临床适用性,符合静脉输液治疗专科护理临床实践与护理管理特点,能促进静脉输液治疗专科护理优质资源有效、有序地下沉到县级医院。

基于郑氏妇科温补理论辨治子宫腺肌病经验撷英

子宫腺肌病是临床常见的难治性妇科疾病,其发病机制较复杂,西医治疗效果欠佳。郑氏妇科在长期医疗实践中逐渐认识到阳气虚弱、寒凝血瘀为本病的核心病机,用药崇尚温补,以温阳益气、化瘀散结为主要治法;并宗“杂合以治”之旨,创立中医综合治疗方案,内服与外治并用,整体与局部相统一,临床屡获良效。对子宫腺肌病病程缠绵日久而正气虚弱、气血耗伤者,采用丸剂或中成药以温补气血、调理善后。附验案1则。

家庭养老床位政策的府际差异与模式研究——基于26个市级政策文本的比较分析

目的:家庭养老床位作为链接基层医疗服务资源与养老服务的中介,可有效解决社区、机构养老照护资源失配、错配与家庭照护负担过重的问题,对该政策进行量化分析,对完善家庭养老床位政策内容,优化资源配置,推动家庭养老床位建设具有重要意义。方法:收集我国省会及试点成效较好城市出台的共26份家庭养老床位政策文本,运用文本挖掘和PMC指数模型,构建量化指标评价已有政策,并以上海、杭州、长春、苏州作为典型案例,梳理政策特征差异。结果:政策总体评价为合格等级,质量提升潜力较大;主要呈现学习-试验型、回应-赋能型、模仿-指令型三类政策模式;政策PMC指数在空间维度上存在差异,政策一致性呈现出东高西低的阶梯状,东、中、西、东北地区政策在不同层面各具优势。结论:我国家庭养老床位政策应根据各地区政策模式进行针对性改良,强化基层医养结合制度建设,通过科技赋能优化照护资源整合与配置,并大力发展养老产业,培育照护人才。

人口老龄化背景下我国医养结合的财税支持政策

老年人口比重的不断加大和养老需求的增加,对我国养老保障体系提出了更高的要求。我国医养结合养老服务业相关财税政策还存在财政政策执行力不强、政府购买服务效果不佳、税收支持系统性不足等问题。实证研究表明,财政支出的增加对医养结合养老服务业的发展有明显的激励作用,税收负担的增加对医养结合养老服务业的发展有明显的抑制作用。因此,应该进一步建立财政收支管理体制,明确财政支出责任,同时加大税收支持政策优惠力度,从而保证医养结合养老服务业能够持续均衡地发展,在缓解人口老龄化问题的同时推动我国“银发经济”的发展。