Pneumocephalus Following Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia: A Case Report Analysis

Background: Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) is widely used in clinical anesthesia due to its rapid onset, reliable anesthetic effect, and strong controllability. Although advancements in technique have reduced the frequency and severity of common complications, reports of rare and serious complications such as pneumocephalus, remain scarce. Case Report: This article presents a case of pneumocephalus following CSEA in a middle-aged female patient undergoing surgery for an intrauterine space-occupying lesion. The patient experienced severe headache postoperatively, and imaging confirmed the presence of intracranial air. After receiving active symptomatic treatment, the patient recovered and was discharged. Conclusion: This case underscores the importance of adhering to standard anesthesia protocols and increasing awareness of rare CSEA complications, particularly the risk of pneumocephalus. Early recognition and timely management are crucial. There is a need to further enhance training and research in anesthetic procedures to improve clinical anesthesia quality and ensure patient safety.

Effects of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia on anxiety,labor analgesia and motor blocks in women during natural delivery

BACKGROUND The background of this study was analgesia in natural delivery.The combined spinal-epidural anesthesia has obvious analgesic effect on the parturients in natural labor,and combined spinal-epidural anesthesia has been widely used in anesthesia for various diseases.AIM To study the effects of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia on anxiety,labor analgesia,and motor blocks in parturients during natural delivery.METHODS A total of 120 women who gave birth at Changning District Maternal and Child Health Hospital between December 2021 to December 2022 were included;a random number table approach was employed to divide the women into a control group and a joint group,with each group consisting of 60 women.The control group was given epidural anesthesia,while the joint group was given combined spinal-epidural anesthesia.The visual analog scale(VAS)was used to evaluate the degree of maternal pain.Comparisons were made between the two groups’conditions of childbirth and the duration of labor.Apgar scores were used to evaluate the status of the newborns at birth;Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES)scores,umbilical artery blood gas analysis indices and stress indices were compared between the two groups;and the frequencies of motor block and postpartum complications were analyzed.RESULTS In comparison to the control group,in the joint group,the VAS scores for the first,second,and third stages of labor were lower(P<0.05).The rates of conversion to cesarean section and postpartum blood loss in the joint group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).No significant differences were observed in the Apgar score,the duration of the first stage of labor,or the total duration of labor between the two groups(P>0.05).The second and third stages of labor in the joint group were shorter than those in the control group(P<0.05).When compared to the control group,the postpartum SAS score of the joint group was lower,while the GSES score was greater(P<0.05).Between the control group and the joint group,the differences observed in pH,arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure,arterial oxygen partial pressure,or arterial hydrogen ion concentration were not significant(P>0.05).Nitric oxide,cortisol,and adrenaline levels were lower in the joint group than in the control group(P<0.05).There were no substantial differences in Bromage grade or rate of complications between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION For parturients during natural delivery,combined spinal-epidural anesthesia can reduce anxiety,provide labor analgesia,shorten labor time,and reduce postoperative stress levels but did not result in a motor block.

Efficacy of low-dose fentanyl and ropivacaine combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for labor analgesia

Objective: To study the efficacy of low-dose fentanyl and ropivacaine combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for labor analgesia. Methods: Puerperae who underwent vaginal delivery under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for labor analgesia in Lincheng People's Hospital between June 2014 and March 2017 were selected and randomly divided into three groups, group A received 15 μg small-dose fentanyl and ropivacaine combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for labor analgesia, group B received 25 μg large-dose fentanyl and ropivacaine combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for labor analgesia, and group C received ropivacaine epidural anesthesia alone for labor analgesia. During delivery, the serum in the second stage of labor was collected to determine the contents of pain transmitters, inflammatory cytokines and stress response indexes. Results: During delivery, serum SP, 5-HT, DA, NE, DYN, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, PGE2, Cor, C-P, MDA and AOPP contents of group A and group B were lower than those of group C and serum SP, 5-HT, DA, NE, DYN, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, PGE2, Cor, C-P, MDA and AOPP contents of group A were not significantly different from those of group B. Conclusion: 15 μg small-dose fentanyl and ropivacaine combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for labor analgesia is with exact efficacy and good safety.

Regional anesthesia in a patient with primary ciliary dyskinesia:A case report

BACKGROUND Primary ciliary dyskinesia(PCD)is an inherited autosomal-recessive disorder of impaired mucociliary clearance characterized by chronic respiratory diseases,otolaryngological diseases,central nervous system abnormalities,reproductive system abnormalities,and cardiac function abnormalities.General anesthesia in these patients is associated with a higher incidence of respiratory complications than in patients without the disease.CASE SUMMARY A 16-year-old male patient was referred to the emergency room complaining of right ankle pain due to distal tibiofibular fracture.Three years prior,he had been diagnosed with PCD.At that time,he had experienced several episodes of pneumonia,sinusitis,and chronic middle ear infections,for which he underwent surgical interventions.At the current admission,he presented with cough and sputum but no other respiratory symptoms.A chest computed tomography scan revealed centrilobular ground-glass opacities in both lower lobes and a calcified nodule in the left lower lobe.For the surgical procedure and postoperative pain management,combined spinal-epidural anesthesia was employed.The patient’s postoperative pain score was measured by the numerical rating scale(NRS).On the day of surgery,his NRS was 5 points.By the second postoperative day,the NRS score had decreased to 2–3 points.The epidural catheter was removed on the fourth day following the operation.The patient was subsequently discharged no respiratory complications.CONCLUSION We performed combined spinal-epidural anesthesia in a patient with PCD.The patient experienced no additional respiratory complications and was discharged with a low NRS score for pain.

Anesthetic dilemmas in an achondroplastic patient undergoing elective cesarean section

Achondroplasia is a genetic condition characterized by skeletal dysplasia that results in characteristic craniofacial and spinal abnormalities.It is the most common form of short-limbed skeletal dysplasia.A morbidly obese pregnant patient warrants specific anatomical and physiological considerations,such as a difficult airway with potential hypoxia,full stomach precautions,and a reduced functional residual capacity.Achondroplasia increases the risks of maternal and fetal complications.Although neuraxial techniques are generally preferred for cesarean sections,there is no consensus among patients with achondroplasia.We aimed to discuss the anesthetic challenges in an achondroplastic patient and report our regional anesthesia approach for an elective cesarean section.

剖宫产手术中EA和CSEA麻醉方式的应用比较

目的观察剖宫产手术中EA和CSEA麻醉方式的效果,探讨剖宫产手术的较佳麻醉方法。方法回顾性分析比较我院2007年单纯硬膜外麻醉(EA,对照组)剖宫产270例与选择腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉(CSEA,观察组)610产妇的临床资料。结果两组产妇均无呼吸抑制,血氧饱和度均大于95%,顺利完成手术,新生儿结局l min和5 min Apgar评分均大于8.5,比较无差异(P>0.05);观察组Bromage高、麻醉显效时间短于、不良反应及PDPH发生率低于对照组,肌松程度好,但低血压高于观察组(P<0.05),对通过补充血容量,加大手术床左侧的倾斜度,应用升压药均可以纠正。结论CSE和EA均能够满足剖宫产手术的要求顺利完成手术,但CSEA具起效快、麻醉平面易于控制、肌松完全、术后并发症少等优点,可作为剖宫产术的首选麻醉方法,特别适合于急症胎儿宫内窘迫的产妇。

倾向性评分匹配评价不同麻醉方式对紧急剖宫产母婴结局影响的研究

目的 探讨不同麻醉方式对紧急剖宫产母婴结局的影响。方法 选取2019年1月至2021年12月首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院产科收治的紧急剖宫产产妇。根据麻醉方式不同分为腰-硬联合麻醉组和全身麻醉组。采用倾向性评分1∶1的比例进行匹配,比较两组麻醉方式对母婴结局的影响。结果 共纳入紧急剖宫产患者2 882例,其中腰-硬联合麻醉组2 805例,全身麻醉组77例,经倾向性评分成功匹配76对。两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后出院时间、手术并发症、术后转入重症监护室、新生儿Apgar 1 min和5 min评分≤7分例数的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。全身麻醉组胎儿娩出时间短于腰-硬联合麻醉组[(8.89±8.08)min比(12.01±10.18)min],差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论对于行紧急剖宫产的产妇,可考虑全身麻醉方式,以缩短胎儿娩出时间和胎儿在宫内缺血缺氧时间,为新生儿的复苏赢得时间。

Effect of subarachnoid anesthesia combined with propofol targetcontrolled infusion on blood loss and transfusion for posterior total hip arthroplasty in elderly patients

Background:Intravertebral and general anesthesia(GA)are two main anesthesia approaches but both have defects.This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of subarachnoid anesthesia combined with propofol target-controlled infusion(TCI)on blood loss and transfusion for total hip arthroplasty(THA)in elderly patients in comparison with combined spinal-epidural anesthesia(CSEA)or GA.Methods:Totally,240 patients(aged>65 years,American Society of Anesthesiologists[ASA]I-III)scheduled for posterior THA were enrolled from September 1st,2017 to March 1st,2018.All cases were randomly divided into three groups to receive CSEA(group C,w=80),GA(group G,n=80),or subarachnoid anesthesia and propofol TCI(group T,w=80),respectively.Primary outcomes measured were intra-operative blood loss,autologous and allogeneic blood transfusion,mean arterial pressure at different time points,length of stay in post-anesthesia care unit(PACU),length of hospital stay,and patient satisfaction degree.Furthermore,post-operative pain scores and complications were also observed.The difference of quantitative index between groups were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance,repeated measurement generalized linear model,Student-Newman-Keuls test or rank-sum test,while ratio index was analyzed by Chi-square test or Fisher exact test.Results:Basic characteristics were comparable among the three groups.Intra-operative blood loss in group T(331.53±64.33 mL)and group G(308.03±64.90 mL)were significantly less than group C(455.40±120.48 mL,F=65.80,P<0.001).Similarly,the autologous transfusion of group T(130.99±30.36 mL)and group G(124.09±24.34 mL)were also markedly less than group C(178.31±48.68 mL,F=52.99,P<0.001).The allogenetic blood transfusion of group C(0[0,100.00])was also significantly larger than group T(0)and group G(0)(Z=2.47,P=0.047).Except for the baseline,there were significant differences in mean arterial blood pressures before operation(F=496.84,P<0.001),10-min after the beginning of operation(F=351.43,P<0.001),30-min after the beginning of operation(F=559.89,P<0.001),50-min after the beginning of operation(F=374.74,P<0.001),and at the end of operation(F=26.14,P<0.001)among the three groups.Length of stay in PACU of group T(9.41±1.19 min)was comparable with group C(8.83±1.26 min),and both were significantly shorter than group G(16.55±3.10 min,F=352.50,P<0.001).There were no significant differences among the three groups in terms of length of hospitalization and post-operative visual analog scale scores.Patient satisfaction degree of group T(77/80)was significantly higher than group C(66/80,%=7.96,P=0.004)and G(69/80,/2=5.01,P=0.025).One patient complained of post-dural puncture headache and two complained of low back pain in group C,while none in group T.Incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting in group G(10/80)was significantly higher than group T(3/80,/2=4.10,P=0.043)and group C(2/80,x2=5.76,P=0.016).No deep vein thrombosis or delayed post-operative functional exercise was detected.Conclusions:Single subarachnoid anesthesia combined with propofol TCI seems to perform better than CSEA and GA for posterior THA in elderly patients,with less blood loss and peri-operative transfusion,higher patient satisfaction degree and fewer complications.Trial registration:chictr.org.cn:ChiCTR-IPR-17013461;http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=23024.

罗哌卡因和布比卡因用于剖宫产腰硬联合麻醉术中血流动力学变化的比较

目的探讨罗哌卡因和布比卡因对剖宫产腰硬联合麻醉(combined spinal-epidural anesthesia, CSEA)术中血流动力学的影响。方法选择2016年8～11月首都医科大学宣武医院择期剖宫产产妇,采用随机数字表法随机分为观察者和对照组。观察组采用0.5%罗哌卡因,对照组采用0.5%布比卡因,均选用CSEA,观察并记录术中生命体征及血流动力学变化。结果观察组和对照组各35例,年龄、身高、体质量的差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。布比卡因组麻醉后5min的SBP、DBP、MAP均较麻醉前5 min明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),HR、SpO_2的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。罗哌卡因组麻醉后5 min的SBP、DBP、MAP、HR、SpO2与麻醉前5 min比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。麻醉后5 min罗哌卡因组SBP高于布比卡因组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。两组新生儿Apgar评分的差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论罗哌卡因与布比卡因均可以安全用于剖宫产CSEA,但应用罗哌卡因麻醉后血流动力学稳定,安全有效。

罗哌卡因和布比卡因用于剖宫产腰硬联合麻醉术中防治牵拉反应效果的比较

目的比较罗哌卡因和布比卡因用于剖宫产腰硬联合麻醉预防术中牵拉反应的效果。方法选取2016年7~9月首都医科大学宣武医院择期行剖宫产的产妇60例,采用随机数字表法随机分为罗哌卡因组和布比卡因组,每组30例。罗哌卡因组采用0.5%罗哌卡因1.8~2.0 ml,布比卡因组采用0.5%布比卡因1.4~2.0 ml,均选用腰硬联合麻醉(combined spinal-epidural anesthesia, CSEA),观察并记录术中牵拉反应及生命体征变化。结果罗哌卡因组和布比卡因组预防术中牵拉反应的效果比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。比较不同麻醉阻滞平面预防术中牵拉反应的效果,麻醉平面T6时明显优于T8时,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。两组麻醉前后5 min的MAP、HR、SpO2变化差异均无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。两组新生儿Apgar评分差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论罗哌卡因和布比卡因均可以安全用于剖宫产腰硬联合麻醉,麻醉阻滞平面控制在T6~S5时可明显减轻术中的牵拉反应,安全有效。

不同速度甲氧明泵注对腰硬联合麻醉剖宫产患者血流动力学的影响

目的探讨不同速度甲氧明静脉恒速泵注对腰硬联合麻醉剖宫产患者血流动力学的影响。方法选择择期腰硬联合麻醉下行剖宫产患者,按不同速度甲氧明静脉恒速泵注[2、3、4μg/(kg·min)]随机分为3组,即M2组、M3组、M4组。2min后蛛网膜下腔给予0.5%布比卡因2 ml。在入室(T1)、穿刺前(T2)、穿刺后1 min(T3)、3 min(T4)、5 min(T5)、10 min(T6)、15 min(T7)、20 min(T8)各时点记录平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure,MAP)、心率(heart rate,HR)、心输出量(cardiac output,CO)、心指数(cardiac index,CI)和外周血管阻力(systemic vascular resistance,SVR)变化;记录新生儿1 min和5 min的Apgar评分,患者恶心呕吐、高血压发生情况和单次追加甲氧明和阿托品的情况。结果 65例患者纳入本研究,3组患者年龄、体重、体表面积(body surface area,BSA)、麻醉平面等差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);各组内不同时间点之间MAP的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。同一时点各组间比较,M4组在T3、T4、T6时刻MAP高于M2组,M3组在T4时刻高于M2组(P<0.05);各组内不同时间点之间HR的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。同一时点各组间比较,M4组在T5、T7时刻HR显著低于M2组(P<0.05);3组间CO、CI比较差异无统计学意义;各组间SVR比较,M4组在T3、T4、T5时刻高于M2组,在T5、T7时刻高于M3组(P<0.05);3组新生儿1 min、5 min的Apgar评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组患者围术期恶心呕吐、高血压的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而甲氧明追加率、阿托品使用率的比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中等速度甲氧明[3μg/(kg·min)]恒速泵注患者的血流动力学较为稳定,对CO和CI影响小,同时心动过缓发生率低,是较为理想的输注速度。

两种不同麻醉方法在妇科腹腔镜手术中的对比研究

目的探讨腰—硬联合阻滞复合浅全麻与插管全麻在妇科腹腔镜手术中的麻醉效果及可行性。方法选择80例患者,分为腰—硬联合阻滞(A组)和插管全麻(B组)各40例,分别记录气腹前、气腹后10min、20min、30min排气后10min的BP、HR、RR、SPO2、PETCO2,同时观察患者的反应及术后苏醒情况。结果A组CO2气腹后,RR加快、PETCO2升高差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),仍可维持正常范围,而SPO2变化差异不显著(P>0.05);B组气腹时应激反应活跃,DBP、SBP、HR与气腹前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),两组患者在气腹30min后,各项指标均有所改善,排气后10min各项指标与气腹前比较差异不显著(P>0.05),A组比B组术后苏醒快差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),所有患者均顺利完成手术,无发生麻醉并发症。结论在妇科腹腔镜手术中,应用腰—硬联合阻滞复合浅全麻比插管全麻能更好地控制机体的应激反应,术后苏醒快,是一种效果佳、可行、实用的麻醉方法。

预注万汶对腰硬联合麻醉下行全髋置换术的老年患者血流动力学的影响

目的评价预注万汶对腰硬联合麻醉(CSEA)下行全髋置换术的老年患者血流动力学的影响。方法拟行全髋关节置换术的老年患者50例,随机分为两组(V组和R组),每组25例,两组分别于麻醉前1小时在病房输注万汶和乳酸林格氏液5～8 ml/kg。两组患者均采用健侧卧位行CSEA麻醉,以0.1 ml/s的速度向蛛网膜下腔注入0.5%轻比重布比卡因1.5 ml。记录麻醉前(T0)、注药完毕后3 min(T1)、6 min(T2)、9 min(T3)、12 min(T4)、15 min(T5)的SBP、DBP、MAP和HR。记录心血管不良事件的发生情况及使用麻黄碱或阿托品的次数。结果与V组对应值比较,R组SBP在T2、T3时及MAP在T2时均降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。V组低血压的发生率在T1～5较R组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组患者心率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论麻醉前1小时预注万汶更有利于维持老年患者腰硬联合麻醉下行全髋置换术血流动力学的稳定。

不同比重布比卡因对剖宫产术后神经功能的影响

目的：观察不同比重布比卡因对腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉（combined spinal epidural anesthesia,CSEA）行剖宫产产妇神经功能的影响。方法：180例ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级产妇于腰麻一硬膜外联合麻醉下行剖宫产手术,随机分为3组：1组60例为轻比重组,腰麻用药为0.75%布比卡因1.2ml加生理盐水至2.4ml;2组60例为等比重组,腰麻用药为0.75%布比卡因1.2ml脑脊液稀释至2.4ml,3组60例为重比重组,腰麻用药为0.75%布比卡因1.2 ml加50%葡萄糖0.3 ml,脑脊液稀释至2.4 ml。如有阻滞不全经硬膜外导管注入2%利多卡因。观察术中麻醉效果,术后第1、3、5天以问卷形式询问产妇主诉包括感觉及运动恢复时间,特别是神经症状如头痛、臀以下麻木或疼痛以及新出现的腰背痛。术后是否有单侧或双侧臀或下肢疼痛、异常感觉、迟钝或异常性疼痛。结果：3组产妇术后下肢感觉及运动功能恢复时间有显著差别（P〈0.05）,轻比重组恢复时间最短,但麻醉阻滞不全发生率最高。重比重组一过性神经症状发生率高于其他两组（P〈0.05）。结论：0.375%布比卡因等比重液用于腰硬联合麻醉剖宫产手术效果确切,对产妇神经功能影响较小。

连续腰麻用于重度妊高症剖宫产手术的临床观察

目的探讨连续腰麻用于重度妊高症剖宫产手术的效果和安全性。方法选择80例重度妊高症拟行剖宫产的产妇随机分为两组,腰硬联合麻醉组(CSEA)和连续腰麻组(CSA),每组40例。CSA组首剂给予0.5%罗哌卡因重比重液7.5 mg,5 min后测试感觉阻滞平面,若低于T8,追加罗哌卡因每次2.5 mg,CSEA组给予0.5%罗哌卡因重比重液10 mg。观察罗哌卡因用量、Bromage运动阻滞分级、感觉阻滞平面、麻醉后血流动力学变化、麻黄碱用量、并发症等指标。结果①两组的感觉阻滞平面和运动阻滞分级比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);②两组的血流动力学波动无统计学差异(P>0.05),但CSEA组低血压发生率明显高于CSA组(P<0.01)。③CSEA组罗哌卡因用量和静脉使用麻黄碱的剂量明显高于CSA组,两组比较有统计学差异(P<0.01)。④两组均无严重并发症出现。结论连续腰麻用于重度妊高症剖宫产手术的麻醉是安全有效的。

两点法腰硬联合麻醉在上腹部手术中的应用研究

目的探讨两点法腰硬联合麻醉(two-point CSEA)用于上腹部手术的可行性。方法上腹部手术126例按住院单双号分为two-point CSEA组(n=69)和硬膜外组(EA组,n=57)。EA组于T8-9间隙行硬膜外腔穿刺置管,经导管给2%利多卡因,使阻滞平面达T4。two-point CSEA组于T7-8间隙行硬膜外腔穿刺置管,经管给2%利多卡因,于L2-3间隙行腰麻,注入复合布比卡因溶液3 ml。使阻滞平面达T4,以计分法评价肌松、牵拉反应以及麻醉效果。结果两组手术时间无统计学差异(P>0.05),two-point CSEA组阻滞范围显著大于EA组(P<0.01),镇痛效果、肌松程度以及牵拉反应抑制也显著好于EA组(P<0.01),而局麻药用量显著性少于EA组(P<0.01)。结论 two-point CSEA可有效安全地用于上腹部手术。

腰硬联合阻滞复合浅全身麻醉与插管全身麻醉在妇科腹腔镜手术中的对比研究

目的探讨腰硬联合阻滞复合浅全身麻醉与插管全身麻醉在妇科腹腔镜手术中的麻醉效果及可行性。方法选择58例患者,分为腰-硬联合阻滞(A组)和插管全身麻醉(B组)各29例,分别记录气腹前、气腹后10、20、30min排气后10min的BP、HR、RR、SpO2、PETCO2,同时观察患者的反应及术后苏醒情况。结果A组CO2气腹后,RR加快、PETCO2升高差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),仍可维持正常范围,而SpO2变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);B组气腹时应激反应活跃,DBP、SBP、HR与气腹前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),两组患者在气腹30min后,各项指标均有所改善,排气后10min各项指标与气腹前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),A组比B组术后苏醒快差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),所有患者均顺利完成手术,未发生麻醉并发症。结论在妇科腹腔镜手术中,应用腰-硬联合阻滞复合浅全身麻醉比插管全身麻醉能更好地控制机体的应激反应,术后苏醒快,是一种效果佳、可行、实用的麻醉方法。

妊娠期高血压疾病患者无痛分娩中麻醉应用效果比较

目的探讨低浓度舒芬太尼复合0.1%罗哌卡因腰硬联合麻醉(CSEA)+自控硬膜外镇痛泵(PCEA)在妊娠期高血压疾病患者无痛分娩中的应用效果。方法选择陕西省西安市第四医院2016年6月至2017年2月119例妊娠期高血压疾病产妇随机分为3组,先椎管内单纯预注不同浓度的舒芬太尼,A组37例0μg/mL、B组42例0.4μg/mL、C组40例0.6μg/mL,后用舒芬太尼复合0.1%罗哌卡因行PCEA。比较三组镇痛前、镇痛后10min、20min、30min视觉模拟评分(VAS)评分,第一、二产程的时间及血压变化,产后1h内出血量,剖宫产率,先兆子痫和不良反应发生率及新生儿Apgar评分。结果三组镇痛后各时间点VAS评分比较差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为6.138、10.142、3.341、5.883,均P<0.05),B组镇痛后10min、20minVAS评分与A组比较差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为3.525、9.418,均P<0.05),镇痛后30min、宫口开全与A组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);C组镇痛后10min、20min、30min VAS评分与A组差异有统计学意义(t值分别为5.376、13.650、2.365,均P<0.05),宫口开全与A组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);B组与C组镇痛后各时间点比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。三组第一产程收缩压、舒张压比较差异均有统计学意义(F分别为7.119、6.202,均P<0.05),B、C组与A组比较差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为12.989、7.536;13.650、6.281,均P<0.05),B组与C组比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);三组第二产程收缩压、舒张压比较差异均有统计学意义(F分别为6.703、5.113,均P<0.05),B、C组与A组比较差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为6.938、8.627;7.489、7.343,均P<0.05),B组与C组比较差异均无统计学意义(t值分别为0.115、0.042,均P>0.05)。三组第一、二产程时间、产后1h内出血量比较差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为2.572、4.589、2.664,均P<0.05),且剖宫产率比较差异有统计学意义(χ~2=8.438,P<0.05),A组均最高。C组恶心呕吐发生率均明显高于A、B组(χ~2值分别为7.112、5.319,均P<0.05),瘙痒发生率明显高于A、B组(χ~2值分别为3.902、6.794,均P<0.05)。结论妊娠期高血压疾病患者分娩镇痛以0.1%罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼0.4μg/mL为最佳,不仅镇痛效果好,而且可有效维持血压平稳、缩短产程进展,降低剖宫产率,减少不良反应。

腰硬联合麻醉中不同年龄患者硬膜外给药的效果比较

目的比较行腰硬联合麻醉的不同年龄患者硬膜外给药的效果。方法 ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级下肢手术患者180例,随机分为硬膜外麻醉组(A组),腰穿后硬膜外麻醉组(B组)及腰硬联合麻醉组(C组),每组均包括青年组(20～45岁)和老年组(60～85岁)各30例。记录各组的麻醉效果、感觉、运动阻滞情况及不良反应。结果各组麻醉效果均满意。B组青年组的阻滞效果接近于A组,而B组老年组的阻滞效果接近C组。结论腰硬联合麻醉中硬脊膜穿孔后硬膜外给药会显著加强老年患者的感觉、运动阻滞效果,应适当减少硬膜外给药剂量并加强麻醉监测与管理。

分娩镇痛对产妇T细胞亚群的影响

目的观察蛛网膜下隙-硬膜外间隙联合阻滞(CSEA)分娩镇痛时产妇T细胞亚群的变化。方法 5 0例足月产妇随机分为2组,镇痛组(A组)和对照组(C组)各25例。A组行CSEA分娩镇痛。方法 选L3～4间隙为穿刺点,腰麻用药为20μg芬太尼,硬膜外用药为0.1%罗哌卡因+2μg/mL芬太尼。C组未行分娩镇痛。2组产妇在宫口开大2～3cm(T1),胎儿勉出时(T2)、分娩后24h(T3)采血,用放免法检测皮质醇,流式细胞仪法检测T细胞亚群CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+,并分别记录产程、新生儿Apgar评分以及疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)。结果 (1)第一产程活跃期A组比C组明显缩短(P<0.05),在第二、三产程、新生儿Apgar评分2组无差异;(2)皮质醇浓度在T2时间点A组明显低于C组(P<0.05);(3)2组母血CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+均有不同程度降低,在T3时间点降低显著(P<0.05),且C组明显低于A组(P<0.05)。结论 CSEA分娩镇痛可缩短第一产程活跃期,对新生儿Apgar评分无明显影响,能够减轻疼痛等应激反应对产妇免疫功能的抑制。