Pneumocephalus Following Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia: A Case Report Analysis

Background: Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) is widely used in clinical anesthesia due to its rapid onset, reliable anesthetic effect, and strong controllability. Although advancements in technique have reduced the frequency and severity of common complications, reports of rare and serious complications such as pneumocephalus, remain scarce. Case Report: This article presents a case of pneumocephalus following CSEA in a middle-aged female patient undergoing surgery for an intrauterine space-occupying lesion. The patient experienced severe headache postoperatively, and imaging confirmed the presence of intracranial air. After receiving active symptomatic treatment, the patient recovered and was discharged. Conclusion: This case underscores the importance of adhering to standard anesthesia protocols and increasing awareness of rare CSEA complications, particularly the risk of pneumocephalus. Early recognition and timely management are crucial. There is a need to further enhance training and research in anesthetic procedures to improve clinical anesthesia quality and ensure patient safety.

Analgesic Effect of Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia and its Effect on TNF-α and CRP Levels in Elderly Patients with Hip Fracture During Surgical Treatment

Objective:To observe the analgesic effect of combined spinal and epidural anesthesia on older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.Method:One hundred and twenty elderly hip fracture surgery patients treated in our hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were selected and randomly divided into two groups,with 60 cases in the experimental group and 60 in the control group.The experimental group was given combined spinal-epidural anesthesia intervention measures,while the control group was given epidural anesthesia intervention measures.The analgesic effect,tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),C-reactive protein(CRP)levels,and other observation indicators were analyzed after anesthesia intervention.Result:After the intervention,the analgesic effect and the evaluation results of the subjects in the experimental group were better than those in the control group(P<0.05);the obtained values of TNF-αand CRP levels in the experimental group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The combined spinal-epidural anesthesia intervention demonstrated positive outcomes.The analgesic effect of patients during surgery and their inflammatory factor levels improved,which makes this intervention worthy of clinical application and promotion.

Influence of static cartoons combined with dynamic virtual environments on preoperative anxiety of preschool-aged children undergoing surgery

BACKGROUND Preschoolers become anxious when they are about to undergo anesthesia and surgery,warranting the development of more appropriate and effective interventions.AIM To explore the effect of static cartoons combined with dynamic virtual environments on preoperative anxiety and anesthesia induction compliance in preschool-aged children undergoing surgery.METHODS One hundred and sixteen preschool-aged children were selected and assigned to the drug(n=37),intervention(n=40),and control(n=39)groups.All the children received routine preoperative checkups and nursing before being transferred to the preoperative preparation room on the day of the operation.The drug group received 0.5 mg/kg midazolam and the intervention group treatment consisting of static cartoons combined with dynamic virtual environments.The control group received no intervention.The modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale was used to evaluate the children’s anxiety level on the day before surgery(T0),before leaving the preoperative preparation room(T1),when entering the operating room(T2),and at anesthesia induction(T3).Compliance during anesthesia induction(T3)was evaluated using the Induction Compliance Checklist(ICC).Changes in mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),and respiratory rate(RR)were also recorded at each time point.RESULTS The anxiety scores of the three groups increased variously at T1 and T2.At T3,both the drug and intervention groups had similar anxiety scores,both of which were lower than those in the control group.At T1 and T2,MAP,HR,and RR of the three groups increased.The drug and control groups had significantly higher MAP and RR than the intervention group at T2.At T3,the MAP,HR,and RR of the drug group decreased and were significantly lower than those in the control group but were comparable to those in the intervention group.Both the drug and intervention groups had similar ICC scores and duration of anesthesia induction(T3),both of which were higher than those of the control group.CONCLUSION Combining static cartoons with dynamic virtual environments as effective as medication,specifically midazolam,in reducing preoperative anxiety and fear in preschool-aged children.This approach also improve their compliance during anesthesia induction and helped maintain their stable vital signs.

Effects of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia on anxiety,labor analgesia and motor blocks in women during natural delivery

BACKGROUND The background of this study was analgesia in natural delivery.The combined spinal-epidural anesthesia has obvious analgesic effect on the parturients in natural labor,and combined spinal-epidural anesthesia has been widely used in anesthesia for various diseases.AIM To study the effects of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia on anxiety,labor analgesia,and motor blocks in parturients during natural delivery.METHODS A total of 120 women who gave birth at Changning District Maternal and Child Health Hospital between December 2021 to December 2022 were included;a random number table approach was employed to divide the women into a control group and a joint group,with each group consisting of 60 women.The control group was given epidural anesthesia,while the joint group was given combined spinal-epidural anesthesia.The visual analog scale(VAS)was used to evaluate the degree of maternal pain.Comparisons were made between the two groups’conditions of childbirth and the duration of labor.Apgar scores were used to evaluate the status of the newborns at birth;Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES)scores,umbilical artery blood gas analysis indices and stress indices were compared between the two groups;and the frequencies of motor block and postpartum complications were analyzed.RESULTS In comparison to the control group,in the joint group,the VAS scores for the first,second,and third stages of labor were lower(P<0.05).The rates of conversion to cesarean section and postpartum blood loss in the joint group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).No significant differences were observed in the Apgar score,the duration of the first stage of labor,or the total duration of labor between the two groups(P>0.05).The second and third stages of labor in the joint group were shorter than those in the control group(P<0.05).When compared to the control group,the postpartum SAS score of the joint group was lower,while the GSES score was greater(P<0.05).Between the control group and the joint group,the differences observed in pH,arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure,arterial oxygen partial pressure,or arterial hydrogen ion concentration were not significant(P>0.05).Nitric oxide,cortisol,and adrenaline levels were lower in the joint group than in the control group(P<0.05).There were no substantial differences in Bromage grade or rate of complications between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION For parturients during natural delivery,combined spinal-epidural anesthesia can reduce anxiety,provide labor analgesia,shorten labor time,and reduce postoperative stress levels but did not result in a motor block.

Evaluation of the Application Effect of Short Video Combined with BOPPPS Teaching Mode in Clinical Anesthesia Teaching

Objective:To study the application effect of short video combined with BOPPPS teaching mode in clinical anesthesia practice.Method:48 students assigned to clinical anesthesia in digestive endoscopy of Shanxi Bethune Hospital from July 1,2022 to April 1,2023 were selected as research objects.They were randomly divided into the control group(PowerPoint presentation teaching group)and the observation group(short video combined with BOPPPS teaching group),with 24 students in each group.After the internship,the students’theoretical and technical scores were tested,the effects of the two teaching modes were compared,and the students’satisfaction was investigated.Results:The test scores of students in the observation group were significantly better than those in the control group(P<0.05).The short video combined with BOPPPS teaching mode can significantly improve students’learning interest,operation skills,and memory(P<0.05).The students’satisfaction in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:In clinical practice,the application of short video combined with BOPPPS teaching mode has achieved great effect,which is worth further promotion and research.

Effects of Total Intravenous Anesthesia and Static Aspiration Combined General Anesthesia on Postoperative Cognitive Function and Psychological State of Elderly Patients with Esophageal Cancer

Objective: To compare the effects of total intravenous anesthesia and static aspiration combined general anesthesia on postoperative cognitive function and psychological state of elderly esophageal cancer patients. Methods: From July 2020 to April 2021, 180 elderly patients who underwent radical esophageal cancer surgery in our hospital were randomly divided into 90 cases in the control group and 90 in the observation group. The control group used static aspiration compound general anesthesia, and the patients in the observation group used intravenous anesthesia to compare the cognitive function and psychological state of the two groups of patients. Results: There was no statistical difference in the cognitive function score of patients in the observation group 30 minutes before anesthesia, 1 h and 24 hours after anesthesia compared with that in the control group, P > 0.05;there was no statistical difference between the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) scores 30 minutes before and 24 hours after anesthesia in the observation group compared with the control group, P > 0.05;the cognitive function score of patients in the observation group of 4 h after surgery and 12 h after operation was significantly higher than that of the control group;the HAMA scores of patients in the observation group of 1 h, 4 h and 12 h after surgery were significantly lower than that of the control group, P Conclusion: The application of total intravenous anesthesia in elderly patients with esophageal cancer surgery can reduce the impact of anesthesia on their cognitive function and psychological state, which is worth popularizing and applying in clinical practice.

Effect of epidural block combined intravenous general anesthesia stress on the stress response and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with breast cancer undergoing radical mastectomy

Objective: To investigate the effect of epidural block combined with intravenous anesthesia on stress response and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with breast cancer undergoing radical mastectomy. Methods: In our hospital from July 2016 to June 2017 undergoing radical mastectomy for breast cancer of 88 patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group of 44 cases, 2 patients underwent routine preoperative preparation, and routine blood pressure, heart rate, pulse, oxygen saturation, ECG monitoring, control group with intravenous anesthesia. The observation group was treated with epidural block combined with intravenous anesthesia. 2 groups of patients before anesthesia, 30 MIM (T0), 1 h after skin incision (T1), 4 h after operation (T2), 24 h after operation (T3), 48 h after operation (T4) from peripheral venous blood were measured by interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), cortisol (Cor), prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH) and T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+), the calculation of CD4+/CD8+ value. Results: the serum IL-8 level of T1, T2, T3and T4 decreased gradually, were lower than at T0, and the control group at each time point had no significant difference, T1, T2, T3group, T4IL-8 levels lower than the control group;the 2 groups of serum IFN-γ levels T1 and T2had no significant change, T3and T4increased gradually, was higher than that of T0, but no significant difference between the 2 groups of IFN-γ levels. 2 serum Cor levels peaked at T1, decreased at T2, was higher than that of T0, T3, T4returned to T0, the observation group T1, T2Cor level lower than the control group;the serum PRL levels of 2 groups reached a peak at T1, T2, T3at the time of T4decreased gradually, was higher than that of T0, T1, T2, T3of the observation group at the PRL level is lower than the control group;the serum level of GH 2 in group T1increased gradually, reached a peak at T2, T3and T4 decreased gradually, was higher than that of T0, the observation group T1, T2, T3, T4, GH levels lower than the control group. 2 groups of CD3+ decreased gradually in T1, T2, were lower than T0, T3, T4returned to T0, the observation group T1, T2CD3+ was higher than the control group;group CD4+ decreased gradually in T1, T2, T3and T4were lower than control, T0when, and the observation group CD4+ in T1, T2, T3, T4, no significant changes were observed in group T1, T2, T3, T4and CD4+ higher than that of the control group;the 2 group CD8+ had no obvious changes in T1, T2, T3, T4;observation group CD4+/CD8+ decreased gradually in T1, T2, were lower than T0, T3, T4returned to T0, the observation group T1, T2CD4+/CD8+ was higher than the control group. Conclusion: epidural block combined with intravenous anesthesia for breast cancer radical mastectomy can effectively relieve the stress and inflammatory reaction, alleviate the immunosuppression, and help to restore the postoperative immune function.

A CLINICAL STUDY ON THE SUBTOTAL GASTRECTOMY UNDER ACUPUNCTURE COMBINED WITH EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA OF SMALL DOSAGE

We have performed operations on the patients with perforation of gastric ulcer forsubtotal gastrectomy under acupuncture combined with epidural anesthesia of smaIl dosage （studygroup） or epidural anesthesia only（control gr0up） at rand0m, 2O cases in each group. There is no ob-vious difference of successful rates between tw0 groups （P】O. O5）. But the fluctuation of the bloodpressure of the study group is smaller than that of the control group（PwtO- O1 ）; the comparison of thefluctuations of capacity of vessel and the changes 0f TMwave of ECG before and during operationshows that the study group is better than control gr0up （PrO. O1, P【O. O5, respectively）; in thestudy group, WBC is decreased significantly after operation, while in the control guoup, CRP（C-re-active pr0tein） is markedIy increased, there are significant differences of these indices between twogroups（P【0. 05, respectively）; complement C3, IgA, IgG and IgM are decreased to a different ex- tent after operation in both groups, but the

Regional anesthesia in a patient with primary ciliary dyskinesia:A case report

BACKGROUND Primary ciliary dyskinesia(PCD)is an inherited autosomal-recessive disorder of impaired mucociliary clearance characterized by chronic respiratory diseases,otolaryngological diseases,central nervous system abnormalities,reproductive system abnormalities,and cardiac function abnormalities.General anesthesia in these patients is associated with a higher incidence of respiratory complications than in patients without the disease.CASE SUMMARY A 16-year-old male patient was referred to the emergency room complaining of right ankle pain due to distal tibiofibular fracture.Three years prior,he had been diagnosed with PCD.At that time,he had experienced several episodes of pneumonia,sinusitis,and chronic middle ear infections,for which he underwent surgical interventions.At the current admission,he presented with cough and sputum but no other respiratory symptoms.A chest computed tomography scan revealed centrilobular ground-glass opacities in both lower lobes and a calcified nodule in the left lower lobe.For the surgical procedure and postoperative pain management,combined spinal-epidural anesthesia was employed.The patient’s postoperative pain score was measured by the numerical rating scale(NRS).On the day of surgery,his NRS was 5 points.By the second postoperative day,the NRS score had decreased to 2–3 points.The epidural catheter was removed on the fourth day following the operation.The patient was subsequently discharged no respiratory complications.CONCLUSION We performed combined spinal-epidural anesthesia in a patient with PCD.The patient experienced no additional respiratory complications and was discharged with a low NRS score for pain.

Comment on visual impact of sub-Tenon anesthesia during combined phacoemulsification and vitrectomy surgery

Dear Editor,We read with interest the article by Chen etaitlj on the visual impact of sub-Tenon anesthesia during combined phacoemulsification and vitrectomy surgery. The authors reported that 93.3% of patients in the study experienced loss of perception of light at least during one of the surgical steps after the contralateral eye was covered intraoperatively. Most of the patients （81%） reported losing light perception between 6min and 30min from the commencement of the surgery.

Efficacy of low-dose fentanyl and ropivacaine combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for labor analgesia

Objective: To study the efficacy of low-dose fentanyl and ropivacaine combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for labor analgesia. Methods: Puerperae who underwent vaginal delivery under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for labor analgesia in Lincheng People's Hospital between June 2014 and March 2017 were selected and randomly divided into three groups, group A received 15 μg small-dose fentanyl and ropivacaine combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for labor analgesia, group B received 25 μg large-dose fentanyl and ropivacaine combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for labor analgesia, and group C received ropivacaine epidural anesthesia alone for labor analgesia. During delivery, the serum in the second stage of labor was collected to determine the contents of pain transmitters, inflammatory cytokines and stress response indexes. Results: During delivery, serum SP, 5-HT, DA, NE, DYN, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, PGE2, Cor, C-P, MDA and AOPP contents of group A and group B were lower than those of group C and serum SP, 5-HT, DA, NE, DYN, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, PGE2, Cor, C-P, MDA and AOPP contents of group A were not significantly different from those of group B. Conclusion: 15 μg small-dose fentanyl and ropivacaine combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for labor analgesia is with exact efficacy and good safety.

Effects of acupuncture combined with drug anesthesia on stress reaction and cognitive function in senior patients with total hip arthroplasty

Objective: To investigate the effects of acupuncture combined with anesthesia on stress and cognitive function in senior patients with total hip arthroplasty. Methods: A total of 89 patients who underwent total hip replacement between January 2016 and May 2018 were collected. According to whether acupuncture anesthesia was applied during total hip replacement, the patients were divided into acupuncture combined anesthesia group and drug anesthesia group. Fasting venous blood (3mL) was collected before the operation without electrical stimulation and after the operation. Cortisol (Cor) and β-endorphin (β-EP) were detected by radioimmunoassay, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was detected by electrochemical luminescence immunoassay. The levels of s-100β protein (s-100β), c-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined by ELISA. Flow cytometry was used to determine the ratio of T cell subsets (CD3+) and natural killer cells (NK cells) in the blood. Results: The levels of Cor, β-EP, NSE, S-100β, CRP, TNF-α and the ratio of NK cell, CD3+ between the two groups have no significant differences before operation (P>0.05). Serum levels of Cor, β-EP, NSE, S-100β, CRP and TNF-α in patients in the acupuncture combined with drug anesthesia group and the single drug anesthesia group were significantly higher than those before surgery (P<0.05). In addition, serum levels of Cor, β-EP, NSE, S-100β, CRP, TNF-α in the acupuncture combined with anesthesia group were significantly lower than those in the drug group alone (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in NK cell and CD3+ ratio between postoperative and preoperative in the acupuncture combined with drug anesthesia group (P>0.05). The ratio of NK cells and CD3+ in the pure drug anesthesia group was significantly lower than that before surgery (P<0.05). Conclusion: Acupuncture combined with drug anesthesia can effectively reduce the inflammatory stress response of patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty, relieve the immune suppression caused by surgery and anesthesia, reduce the damage to the nervous system, and have a good influence in the cognitive function of the senior patients.

Effect of combined spinal and epidural anesthesia on the level of pain media, stress indicators and inflammatory factors in patients undergoing high altitude cesarean section

Objective: To discuss the effect of combined spinal and epidural anesthesia on the levels of pain media, stress indicators and inflammatory factors in patients undergoing high altitude cesarean section. Methods: Eighty patients who underwent cesarean section in our hospital from January 2017 to April 2019 were enrolled in the hospital. They were divided into two groups according to the patient's anesthesia. Fourty patients receiving epidural anesthesia were included in the control group, and another 40 patients received lumbar stiffness. The combined anesthesia patient was included in the observation group. Changes in pain mediators [Serum neuropeptide Y (NPY), endorphin (β-EP), substance P (SP)], stress indicators [Serum cortisol (Cor), C-peptide (C-P), advanced oxidative protein product (AOPP)], inflammatory factor levels [Hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)], and immunoglobulin levels [Serum IgA, IgG, IgM] were compared between the two groups. Results: Before anesthesia, there were no significant difference in pain media, stress index, inflammatory factor level and immunoglobulin level between the two groups (P>0.05). At 12 h after operation, the two groups of patients were NPY, β-EP, SP, Cor. The levels of C-P, AOPP, hs-CRP and TNF-α were higher than those before operation (P<0.05). The levels of IgA, IgG and IgM were lower than those before operation (P<0.05). Among them, observation group NPY, β-EP, SP, Cor, C-P, AOPP, hs-CRP and TNF-α were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The serum levels of IgA, IgG and IgM were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Combined spinal and epidural anesthesia can more effectively alleviate maternal pain in high altitude cesarean section, more effectively reduce the inflammatory stress response of patients, promote the humoral immune function of patients, and is beneficial to the early recovery of maternal postoperative, and has high clinical value.

A combination therapy of ethanol injection and radiofrequency ablation under general anesthesia for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM: To summarize the effects of laparoscopic ethanol injection and radiofrequency ablation (L-EI-RFA), thora- coscopic (T-EI-RFA) and open-surgery assisted EI-RFA (O-EI-RFA) under general anesthesia for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Time-lag performance of RFA after ethanol injection (Time-lag PEI-RFA) was performed in all cases. The volume of coagulated necrosis and the applied en- ergy for total and per unit volume coagulated necrosis were examined in the groups treated under general (group G) or local anesthesia (group L). RESULTS: The results showed that the total applied energy and the applied energy per unit volume of whole and marginal, coagulated necrosis were significantly larger in group G than those in the group L, resulting in a larger volume of coagulated necrosis in the group G. The rate of local tumor recurrence within one year was extremely low in group G. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that EI-RFA, un- der general anesthesia, may be effective for the treat- ment of HCC because a larger quantity of ethanol and energy could be applied during treatment under pain- free condition for the patients.

腰硬联合麻醉在老年髋部骨折手术患者中的应用

目的:探析腰硬联合麻醉在老年髋部骨折手术患者中的应用。方法:选取2020年11月—2021年11月江门市新会区人民医院麻醉科收治的80例老年髋部骨折手术患者作为研究对象。根据随机法将其分为常规组和试验组,各40例。常规组给予连续硬膜外麻醉,试验组给予腰硬联合麻醉。比较两组入室时(T_(0))、手术开始后10 min(T_(1))、手术开始后30 min(T_(2))、手术结束时(T_(3))的心率、收缩压及舒张压。比较两组术前、术后12 h应激指标,麻醉效果,麻醉优良率,术后10 min,术后1 h、3 h、6 h、12 h疼痛情况,不良反应。结果:T_(1),试验组心率、舒张压均显著高于常规组,T_(2)、T_(3),试验组心率、舒张压及收缩压均显著高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后12 h,试验组肾上腺素(AD)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平均显著低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组麻醉起效时间、感觉阻滞完善时间均明显短于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组优良率显著高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1 h、3 h、6 h、12 h,试验组视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组不良反应发生率显著低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:老年髋部骨折手术患者采用腰硬联合麻醉,其麻醉起效时间短,镇痛效果佳,可减轻患者的应激反应和术后疼痛,且不增加麻醉相关不良反应,可取得安全高效的麻醉效果。

腰硬联合麻醉分娩镇痛后发热对母婴分娩结局的影响

目的探讨腰硬联合麻醉分娩镇痛后发热对分娩结局的影响,以期改善母婴结局。方法选取2020年1月至2022年6月进行腰硬联合麻醉分娩镇痛的300例产妇作为研究对象,根据镇痛后是否出现发热将产妇分为两组。对照组为未出现发热的产妇,共150例;观察组为出现发热的产妇,共150例。比较两组产妇的阴道操作次数、破膜时间、总产程时间、缩宫素使用比例、分娩方式、产妇不良结局发生率以及新生儿不良结局发生率。结果观察组阴道操作次数(7.56±1.12)次,破膜时间为(11.86±2.03)h,总产程时间为(17.08±2.34)h,使用缩宫素加强宫缩为51例(34.00%),对照组阴道操作次数(5.41±1.04)次,破膜时间为(8.69±1.75)h,总产程时间为(15.04±1.84)h,使用缩宫素加强宫缩为20例(13.33%),两组产妇的阴道操作次数、破膜时间、总产程时间、缩宫素使用比例等指标比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。观察组产妇自然分娩82例(54.67%),剖宫产45例(30.00%),器械助产23例(15.33%),对照组产妇自然分娩121例(80.67%),剖宫产19例(12.67%),器械助产10例(6.67%),两组产妇的分娩方式比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或0.001)。观察组产妇出现低血压、头痛、产后出血、产褥感染等总不良结局发生率为60.67%(91/150),对照组产妇出现低血压、头痛、产后出血、产褥感染等总不良结局发生率为31.33%(47/150),两组产妇总不良结局发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。观察组出现胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息、新生儿败血症、新生儿高胆红素血症等总不良结局发生率为40.67%(61/150),对照组出现胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息、新生儿败血症、新生儿高胆红素血症等总不良结局发生率为22.67%(34/150),两组新生儿总不良结局发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论产时发热是一种临床表现,早发现早预防非常重要。对于产科医生而言,应加强产程管理,掌握阴道操作指征,严格遵循无菌操作,以预防感染性产时发热。同时,要避免产时发热相关因素的叠加,防止非感染性发热的发生。此外,还需综合分析产时发热的原因,动态监测各项指标,仔细鉴别,并采取适宜的产程处理措施。

不同剂量麻醉药在超高龄患者腰硬联合麻醉中的应用效果分析

目的:分析不同剂量麻醉药在超高龄患者腰硬联合麻醉中的应用效果。方法:选取2019年6月—2020年8月于青岛市第三人民医院行腰硬联合麻醉手术的患者96例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各48例。观察组给予麻醉药2.0 mL,对照组给予麻醉药1.5 mL。比较两组麻醉效果、血流动力学指标、疼痛情况、不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组完全阻滞时间、麻醉起效时间早于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。麻醉前,两组DBP、SBP、HR比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);手术切皮时、手术完成时、术后1 h,两组DBP、SBP、HR高于麻醉前,但观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:相较于低剂量麻醉药,高剂量麻醉药在超高龄患者腰硬联合麻醉中的应用效果更好,有助于提高麻醉效果,保持患者术中生命体征平稳,且安全性较好。

老年前列腺增生患者等离子电切术中右美托咪定复合腰硬联合麻醉的镇静效果及对应激反应的影响

目的 探讨老年前列腺增生患者等离子电切术中右美托咪定复合腰硬联合麻醉的镇静效果及对应激反应的影响。方法 前瞻性选取2022年1月—2023年4月在安徽医科大学附属滁州医院行等离子电切术的102例老年前列腺增生患者,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,每组51例。对照组给予咪达唑仑复合腰硬联合麻醉,研究组给予右美托咪定复合腰硬联合麻醉。对比两组苏醒时间、围手术期血流动力学、术中寒颤、疼痛、认知功能、炎症反应、应激反应情况及不良反应情况。结果 研究组苏醒时间短于对照组(P <0.05)。两组麻醉诱导前、切皮时、术毕时的平均动脉压、心率比较,结果:(1)不同时间点平均动脉压、心率比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=8.523和7.961,均P=0.000);(2)两组平均动脉压、心率比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=8.036和8.185,均P=0.000);(3)两组平均动脉压、心率变化趋势比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=8.654和8.235,均P=0.000)。研究组寒颤发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组术后4 h、12 h、24 h、48 h的疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)比较,结果:(1)不同时间点VAS评分比较,差异有统计学意义(F=8.935,P=0.000);(2)两组VAS评分比较,差异有统计学意义(F=7.419,P=0.000);(3)两组VAS评分变化趋势比较,差异有统计学意义(F=7.128,P=0.000)。两组术前、术后24 h、48 h的简易精神状态检查(MMSE)评分比较,两组术前、术后24 h、48 h的MMSE评分比较,结果:(1)不同时间点MMSE评分比较,差异有统计学意义(F=7.986,P=0.000);(2)两组MMSE评分比较,差异无统计学意义(F=0.171,P=0.841);(3)两组MMSE评分变化趋势比较,差异无统计学意义(F=0.315,P=0.702)。两组开始麻醉时、术后24 h、术后48 h的白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)比较,结果:(1)不同时间点TNF-α、IL-6比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=8.517和8.613,均P=0.000);(2)两组TNF-α、IL-6比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=7.987和7.543,均P=0.000);(3)两组TNF-α、IL-6变化趋势比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=7.968和7.741,均P=0.000)。两组术前、术后24 h、术后48 h的肾上腺素(Adr)、皮质醇(Cor)比较,结果:(1)不同时间点Adr、Cor比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=8.001和8.547,均P=0.000);(2)两组Adr、Cor比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=7.958和7.874,均P=0.000);(3)两组的Adr、Cor变化趋势比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=8.147和7.959,均P=0.000)。两组总不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 老年前列腺增生患者等离子电切术中右美托咪定复合腰硬联合麻醉的镇静效果显著,可减轻患者围手术期疼痛、炎症反应及应激反应,维持围手术期血流动力学稳定,且安全可靠。

神经刺激仪引导下腰丛联合骶丛神经阻滞麻醉在股骨颈骨折患者中的应用

目的:探讨在股骨颈骨折患者中应用神经刺激仪引导下腰丛联合骶丛神经阻滞麻醉的效果。方法:选取2020年1月—2023年6月桂林市中医医院收治的98例股骨颈骨折患者作为研究对象,按照随机数表法将其分为对照组和研究组,各49例。对照组采用传统的腰硬联合麻醉,研究组采用神经刺激仪引导下腰丛联合骶丛神经阻滞麻醉。比较两组麻醉效果、平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、皮质醇(Cor)和儿茶氨酚(CA)及不良反应。结果:两组麻醉效果比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组麻醉后15 min(T_(2))、麻醉后30 min(T_(3))时MAP高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组麻醉后5 min(T_(1))、T_(2)、T_(3)、手术结束后(T_(4))时HR高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组术中(Tb)时CA、Cor低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:股骨颈骨折患者应用神经刺激仪引导下腰丛联合骶丛神经阻滞麻醉能稳定血流动力学,缓解应激反应,具有良好的麻醉效果和较高的安全性。

瑞马唑仑对髋部骨折老年患者术后早期认知功能的影响

目的:基于随机对照试验评估瑞马唑仑对髋部骨折老年患者术后早期认知功能的影响。方法:选取2022年12月至2023年6月间在温州医科大学附属第六医院腰硬联合麻醉下行髋部骨折手术并满足纳入标准的106名老年患者为研究对象,年龄65^90岁,ASA分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级。按照随机数字表分为瑞马唑仑组(R组)、丙泊酚组(P组),每组53例。两组患者接受腰硬联合麻醉后,P组缓慢静注丙泊酚0.3^0.5 mg/kg(注射时间1 min)后以0.5^3 mg·kg^(-1)·h^(-1)泵注维持;R组缓慢静注瑞马唑仑负荷量0.05 mg/kg(注射时间1 min)后以0.1^0.3 mg·kg^(-1)·h^(-1)维持术中镇静。两组患者以维持改良警觉镇静评分(MOAA/S)为3^4分、脑电双频指数(BIS)值75^85间来调整泵注速率;缝合切口时停止输注镇静药。记录两组患者镇静前(T0),镇静后5(T1)、10(T2)、15(T3)、30(T4)、60min(T5)及术毕时(T6)的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)、血氧饱和度(SpO2)、改良警觉镇静评分(MOAA/S)评分、BIS值,记录两组患者苏醒时间、术中遗忘、术后7 d内谵妄(POD)及神经认知恢复延迟(DNR)的发生率。结果:与T0时点比较,两组患者T1^T5时点的BIS和MOAA/S评分明显降低(P<0.05),T1^T6时点的MAP、HR显著降低(P<0.05)。与P组比较,R组患者T1^T6时点的MAP均更高(P均<0.05),苏醒时间短[(6.6±1.8)vs.(7.7±2.2)min,P<0.05],术后第7天Hopkins言语学习测试评分下降幅度更小(3.9±3.9 vs.6.2±4.6,P<0.05),术后谵妄、术后DNR发生率显著降低(7.5%vs. 28.3%,5.7%vs. 20.8%,P<0.05),术中遗忘发生率增高(52.8%vs. 28.3%,P<0.05);低血压、心动过缓发生率更低(15.1%vs. 37.7%,5.6%vs. 22.6%,P<0.05)、血管活性药物使用频次更少(P<0.05)。结论:瑞马唑仑用于髋部骨折老年患者可提供有效的围术期镇静,且血流动力学稳定,对术后早期神经认知功能影响小,总体安全性高于丙泊酚。