Type I interferons are critical antiviral cytokines produced following herpes simplex virus type-1 （HSV-1） infection that act to inhibit viral spread. In the present study, we identify HSV-infected and adjacent unin...Type I interferons are critical antiviral cytokines produced following herpes simplex virus type-1 （HSV-1） infection that act to inhibit viral spread. In the present study, we identify HSV-infected and adjacent uninfected corneal epithelial cells as the source of interferon-a. We also report mice deficient in the A1 chain of the type I IFN receptor （CDl18-/） are extremely sensitive to ocular infection with low doses （100 PFU） of HSV-1 as seen by significantly elevated viral titers in the cornea Compared to wild type （WT） controls. The enhanced susceptibil- ity correlated with a loss of CD4＋ and CD8＋ T cell recruitment and aberrant chemokine production in the cornea despite mounting an adaptive immune response in the draining mandibular lymph node of CDll8/ mice. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of IFN production in both the innate immune response as well as eliciting chemokine production required to facilitate adaptive immune cell trafficking.展开更多
AIM：To determine the impact of age on the morphology of endothelial cells and central corneal thickness（CCT） in Chinese tree shrew.METHODS：One-hundred and twenty eyes of 60 healthy Chinese tree shrews were studied...AIM：To determine the impact of age on the morphology of endothelial cells and central corneal thickness（CCT） in Chinese tree shrew.METHODS：One-hundred and twenty eyes of 60 healthy Chinese tree shrews were studied.Based on age,the tree shrews were divided into four groups.After general anesthesia,the images of endothelium were acquired using non-contact specular microscope Topcon 3000 P.Eight parameters of corneal endothelial cells were measured by built-in software,including CCT,endothelial cell density（ECD）,percent hexagonality（HG%）,coeffi cient of variability（CV）,size of minimal cell（Smin）,size of maximal cell（Smax）,average cells size（Savg） and size standard deviation（Ssd）.Data were analyzed using STATA software.The differences of eight parameters among groups and correlations with age were analyzed.RESULTS：In all studied animals,the average CCT was 2 4 9.6 ± 2 .29 μ m（202-301 μm）,ECD was 308 0.72 ± 460.76 cells/mm^2（1239.6-4047.6 cells/mm^2） and CV was 29.10±7.60（13.6-54.6）.CV was significantly different among different groups（P〈0.001）.Strong correlation with age was found in ECD,Smax,Savg,Ssd and CV.CONCLUSION：Cornea of Chinese tree shrews had half CCT of human cornea and similar ECD,CV and size of corneal endothelial cells.Young adult tree shrews had higher ECD,HG% and low CV.ECD,Smax,Savg,Ssd and CV correlated with age signifi cantly.展开更多
The three-dimensional(3D)mechanical response of the cornea to intraocular pressure(IOP)elevation has not been previously reported.In this study,we use an ultrasound speckle tracking technique to measure the 3D displac...The three-dimensional(3D)mechanical response of the cornea to intraocular pressure(IOP)elevation has not been previously reported.In this study,we use an ultrasound speckle tracking technique to measure the 3D displacements and strains within the central 5.5 mm of porcine corneas during the whole globe infation.Infation tests were performed on dextran-treated corneas(treated with a 10%dextran solution)and untreated corneas.The dextran-treated corneas showed an inflation response expectod of a thin spherical shell,with through-thickness thinning and in-plane stretch,although the strain magnitudes exhibited a heterogeneous spatial distribution from the central to more peripheral cornea.The untreated eyes demon-strated a response consistent with swelling during experimentation,w ith through-thickness expansion overriding the infation response.The average volume ratios obtained in both groups was near 1 confirming general incompresibility,but local regions of volume loss or expansion were observed.These results suggest that biomechanical measurements in 3D provide important new insight to understand the mechanical response of ocular tissues such as the cornea.展开更多
基金supported by USPHS grant (No. AI053108) to DanielJ.J. CarrP20 (No. RR017703)+1 种基金an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindnesssupported by NIAID training grant(No. AI007633)
文摘Type I interferons are critical antiviral cytokines produced following herpes simplex virus type-1 （HSV-1） infection that act to inhibit viral spread. In the present study, we identify HSV-infected and adjacent uninfected corneal epithelial cells as the source of interferon-a. We also report mice deficient in the A1 chain of the type I IFN receptor （CDl18-/） are extremely sensitive to ocular infection with low doses （100 PFU） of HSV-1 as seen by significantly elevated viral titers in the cornea Compared to wild type （WT） controls. The enhanced susceptibil- ity correlated with a loss of CD4＋ and CD8＋ T cell recruitment and aberrant chemokine production in the cornea despite mounting an adaptive immune response in the draining mandibular lymph node of CDll8/ mice. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of IFN production in both the innate immune response as well as eliciting chemokine production required to facilitate adaptive immune cell trafficking.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province[No.2017FE467(-195)]the National Science and Technology Support Program(No.2014BAI01B01)Yunnan Joint Support for National Program(No.2015GA009)
文摘AIM：To determine the impact of age on the morphology of endothelial cells and central corneal thickness（CCT） in Chinese tree shrew.METHODS：One-hundred and twenty eyes of 60 healthy Chinese tree shrews were studied.Based on age,the tree shrews were divided into four groups.After general anesthesia,the images of endothelium were acquired using non-contact specular microscope Topcon 3000 P.Eight parameters of corneal endothelial cells were measured by built-in software,including CCT,endothelial cell density（ECD）,percent hexagonality（HG%）,coeffi cient of variability（CV）,size of minimal cell（Smin）,size of maximal cell（Smax）,average cells size（Savg） and size standard deviation（Ssd）.Data were analyzed using STATA software.The differences of eight parameters among groups and correlations with age were analyzed.RESULTS：In all studied animals,the average CCT was 2 4 9.6 ± 2 .29 μ m（202-301 μm）,ECD was 308 0.72 ± 460.76 cells/mm^2（1239.6-4047.6 cells/mm^2） and CV was 29.10±7.60（13.6-54.6）.CV was significantly different among different groups（P〈0.001）.Strong correlation with age was found in ECD,Smax,Savg,Ssd and CV.CONCLUSION：Cornea of Chinese tree shrews had half CCT of human cornea and similar ECD,CV and size of corneal endothelial cells.Young adult tree shrews had higher ECD,HG% and low CV.ECD,Smax,Savg,Ssd and CV correlated with age signifi cantly.
基金funded by NIH/NEI Grants R01EY020929 and R01EY025358.
文摘The three-dimensional(3D)mechanical response of the cornea to intraocular pressure(IOP)elevation has not been previously reported.In this study,we use an ultrasound speckle tracking technique to measure the 3D displacements and strains within the central 5.5 mm of porcine corneas during the whole globe infation.Infation tests were performed on dextran-treated corneas(treated with a 10%dextran solution)and untreated corneas.The dextran-treated corneas showed an inflation response expectod of a thin spherical shell,with through-thickness thinning and in-plane stretch,although the strain magnitudes exhibited a heterogeneous spatial distribution from the central to more peripheral cornea.The untreated eyes demon-strated a response consistent with swelling during experimentation,w ith through-thickness expansion overriding the infation response.The average volume ratios obtained in both groups was near 1 confirming general incompresibility,but local regions of volume loss or expansion were observed.These results suggest that biomechanical measurements in 3D provide important new insight to understand the mechanical response of ocular tissues such as the cornea.
