Longitudinal type-line optimization of high-speed train for low aerodynamic noise

The basic head shape of high-speed train is determined by its longitudinal type-line(LTL),so it is crucial to optimize its aerodynamic performance.Based on the parametric modeling of LTL constructed by non-uniform relational B-spline(NURBS)and the fluctuation pressure obtained by large eddy simulation(LES),the Kriging surrogate model(KSM)of LTL was constructed for low aerodynamic noise,and the accuracy of the KSM was improved gradually by adding the sample point with maximum expected improvement(EI)and the optimal point from optimization.The optimal objective was searched with genetic algorithm(GA).The results show that the total fluctuation pressure level(FPL)of the optimal LTL can be 8.7 dB less than that of original one,and the shape optimization method is feasible for low aerodynamic noise design.

A Random Attractor Family of the High Order Beam Equations with White Noise

In this paper, we studied a class of damped high order Beam equation stochas-tic dynamical systems with white noise. First, the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process is used to transform the equation into a noiseless random equation with random variables as parameters. Secondly, by estimating the solution of the equation, we can obtain the bounded random absorption set. Finally, the isomorphism mapping method and compact embedding theorem are used to obtain the system. It is progressively compact, then we can prove the existence of ran-dom attractors.

Adaptive adjustment of iterative learning control gain matrix in harsh noise environment

For the robustness problem of open-loop P-type iterative learning control under the influence of measurement noise which is inevitable in actual systems, an adaptive adjustment algorithm of iterative learning nonlinear gain matrix based on error amplitude is proposed and two nonlinear gain functions are given. Then with the help of Bellman-Gronwall lemma, the robustness proof is derived. At last, an example is simulated and analyzed. The results show that when there exists measurement noise, the proposed learning law adjusts the learning gain matrix on line based on error amplitude, thus can make a compromise between learning convergence rate and convergence accuracy to some extent： the fast convergence rate is achieved with high gain in initial learning stage, the strong robustness and high convergence accuracy are achieved at the same time with small gain in the end learning stage, thus better learning results are obtained.

Analytical Solution for the Time-Dependent Emden-Fowler Type of Equations by Homotopy Analysis Method with Genetic Algorithm

In this paper, Homotopy Analysis method with Genetic Algorithm is presented and used to obtain an analytical solution for the time-dependent Emden-Fowler type of equations and wave-type equation with singular behavior at x = 0. The advantage of this single global method employed to present a reliable framework is utilized to overcome the singularity behavior at the point x = 0 for both models. The method is demonstrated for a variety of problems in one and higher dimensional spaces where approximate-exact solutions are obtained. The results obtained in all cases show the reliability and the efficiency of this method.

Design, Development and Testing of an Air Damper to Control the Resonant Response of a SDOF Quarter-Car Suspension System

An air damper possesses the advantages that there are no long term changes in the damping properties, there is no dependence on working temperature and additionally, it has less manufacturing and maintenance costs. As such, an air damper has been designed and developed based on the Maxwell type model concept in the approach of Nishihara and Asami [1]. The cylinder-piston and air-tank type damper characteristics such as air damping ratio and air spring rate have been studied by changing the length and diameter of the capillary pipe between the air cylinder and the air tank, operating air pressure and the air tank volume. A SDOF quarter-car vehicle suspension system using the developed air enclosed cylinder-piston and air-tank type damper has been analyzed for its motion transmissibility characteristics. Optimal values of the air damping ratio at various values of air spring rate have been determined for minimum motion transmissibility of the sprung mass. An experimental setup has been developed for SDOF quarter-car suspension system model using the developed air enclosed cylinder-piston and air-tank type damper to determine the motion transmissibility characteristics of the sprung mass. An attendant air pressure control system has been designed to vary air damping in the developed air damper. The results of the theoretical analysis have been compared with the experimental analysis.

Noise Impact and Improvement on Indoors Acoustic Comfort for the Building Adjacent to Heavy Traffic Road

A good acoustic environment is absolutely essential to maintaining a high level satisfaction and moral health among residents. Noise and other boresome sounds come from both in- door and outdoor sources. For the residential buildings adjacent to heavy traffic roads, outdoors traffic noise is the main source that affects indoor acoustic quality and health. Ventilation and outdoor noise prevention become a pair of contradictions for the residents in China nowadays for those buildings adjacent to heavy traffic roads. It is investigated that traffic noise emission is mainly con- stituted by the motors of trucks, buses and motorcycles as well as brake. In this paper, two methods of traffic noise reduction on the indoor sound environment and comfort are carried out to study and compare the residential buildings adjacent to heavy traffic roadway in a city. One is to install noise barriers on the two sides of the roadway, which consist of sound-proof glass and plas- tic materials. The effect of sound-insulation of this method is heavily dependent on the relative distance between the noise bar- rier and indoors. A reduction of sound with an average pressure level of 2–15dB is achieved on the places behind and under the noise barrier. However, for the equivalent of noise barrier height, the noise reduction effect is little. As for the places of higher than the noise barrier, the traffic noise will be even strengthened by 3–7dB. Noise increment can be seen at the points of distance farther than 15m and height more than noise barrier; the noise reduction effect is not satisfactory or even worsened. In addition, not every location is appropriate to install the noise barrier along the heavy traffic roads. The other method of noise reduction for the buildings adjacent to heavy traffic is to install the airproof and soundproof windows, which is the conversion from natural venti- lation to mechanical ventilation. A reduction of sound with an average pressure level of 5dB to 17dB can be achieved compared with common glass windows, if adopting sound proof glass win- dows. These two methods are helpful to isolate high frequency noise but not for low frequency noise. For those frequency noises, installing thick and cotton curtain and porous carpet can only decrease 2.4–4.5dB, which hardly contributes to indoor sound comfort, so further study is demanded to cut down traffic noise, especially to cut down the low frequency noise.

A Probable Short Decimetric Type Ⅰ-like Noise Storm: Associated with Type Ⅲ Bursts?

A rare Type I-like noise storm was observed with the solar radio spectrometers (1.0-2.0 GHz and 2.60-3.8 GHz) at National Astronomical Observatories of China (NAOC) on September 23, 1998. We concentrate on checking the Type I-like noise storm occurred in the decay phase of a Type Ⅳ radio burst. This noise storm consists of many Type I bursts and isolated Type Ⅲ or Type Ⅲ pair bursts. It has a bandwidth of ≤0.5 GHz. The duration of each Type I burst is of the order of 100-300 ms. The total duration is greater than 11 minutes. The circular polarization degree of the components of Type Ⅰ and associated Type Ⅲ bursts are about 40%-100% and almost 100%, respectively, which is greater than that of the background continuum (nearly the precision of our instrument). This short decimetric Type Ⅰ-like storm may be another kind or the extension of the kind of metric Type Ⅰ storm, and may possess the duality of metric and decimetric radio emission. It may be in favor of an earlier emission mechanism of the fundamental plasma radiation due to the coalescence of Langmuir waves with low-frequency waves.

Random seismic noise attenuation by learning-type overcomplete dictionary based on K-singular value decomposition algorithm

The transformation of basic functions is one of the most commonly used techniques for seismic denoising,which employs sparse representation of seismic data in the transform domain. The choice of transform base functions has an influence on denoising results. We propose a learning-type overcomplete dictionary based on the K-singular value decomposition( K-SVD) algorithm. To construct the dictionary and use it for random seismic noise attenuation,we replace fixed transform base functions with an overcomplete redundancy function library. Owing to the adaptability to data characteristics,the learning-type dictionary describes essential data characteristics much better than conventional denoising methods. The sparsest representation of signals is obtained by the learning and training of seismic data. By comparing the same seismic data obtained using the learning-type overcomplete dictionary based on K-SVD and the data obtained using other denoising methods,we find that the learning-type overcomplete dictionary based on the K-SVD algorithm represents the seismic data more sparsely,effectively suppressing the random noise and improving the signal-to-noise ratio.

基于经验小波变换的多通道微弱电流信号噪声控制

多通道微弱电流信号受很多噪声因素的干扰,导致输出的微弱电流信号与原始信号之间的相对误差增加,控制效果变差,为此提出基于经验小波变换的多通道微弱电流信号噪声控制方法;采集多通道微弱电流信号,利用经验小波变换技术分解采集到的微弱电流信号,判断电流信号中是否存在噪声并确定噪声类型;设计微弱电流信号噪声控制器,根据电流信号中的噪声量与噪声类型生成控制指令,对不同通道微弱电流信号噪声进行控制;在两种不同噪声强度的实验环境下,该方法控制下的多通道微弱电流信号信噪比较高,输出信号与原始信号间的相对误差较低,控制任务完成时间更短;以此证明该方法的多通道微弱电流信号噪声控制效果更好,可以广泛应用至电流信号噪声控制领域。

“桥建合一”型高架车站实测分析及结构减振优化

针对“桥建合一”型高架车站振动舒适度问题,以某一典型“桥建合一”型高架车站为研究对象,对列车运行引起的楼板振动进行现场实测分析,并基于车桥耦合分析理论,建立高架车站精细化有限元模型,从振源、传递路径和受振体对高架车站进行结构减振优化分析。研究表明:“桥建合一”型高架车站所受车致振动影响严重,站厅层振动敏感区为跨中楼板中心;通过提升轨道梁弹性模量、适度增加层高、在站厅层区域楼板中心布置次梁以及铺设浮筑楼板的方法均可减小楼板振动响应,但单独采取某一结构减振优化措施效果较差;同时采取以上4种结构减振优化组合措施时减振效果良好,减振后楼板中心的最大Z振级为73.15dB,减振量达13.54dB,满足振动舒适度要求。

桥梁预拱度对行车舒适性的影响及桥面线形调整

为研究成桥预拱度对连续刚构桥行车舒适性的影响,以多座主跨跨径为110~200 m的连续刚构桥为研究对象,首先,采用滤波白噪声法建立桥面时域模型,并与按余弦曲线设置的成桥线形叠加模拟成桥后的桥面不平度;其次,采用MATLAB/Simlink搭建车辆-桥面系统模型,以加速度均方根值(RMS)作为桥梁边跨、中跨桥面的行车舒适性评价指标,以最大瞬态振动值(MTVV)作为边跨峰值处短时内的行车舒适性评价指标;最后,分析采取经验法按照余弦曲线设置成桥预拱度的桥梁其跨径和设计时速对边、中跨RMS值的影响,以及成桥预拱度取值对边跨3L/8处MTVV值的影响。研究结果表明:在边跨、中跨处RMS值均小于0.315 m/s^(2),说明采取经验法按照余弦曲线设置成桥预拱度并不影响中跨处的行车舒适性;在边跨3L/8处MTVV值在短时内存在大于0.345 m/s^(2)的情况,说明在边跨峰值处短时内会产生一定不舒适感。提出了一种基于桥面铺装层施工优化边跨3L/8处和边墩墩顶桥面线形的方法,改善了边跨的行车舒适性。

锤片式秸秆加工机械噪声研究

农作物秸秆经过揉丝、粉碎、铡切等加工处理后可以作为饲料、肥料、工业原料或燃料等使用。对秸秆进行多种加工的锤片式秸秆加工机械普遍存在振动与噪声大的问题,制约了该类机械向高品质方向发展。文章总结了锤片式秸秆加工机械噪声特点,即该类机械工作时同时存在气动噪声与振动噪声,其中气动噪声主要由锤片式转子旋转扰动内部流场产生的离散噪声以及流场中涡流和边界层的吸附与分离产生的宽频噪声组成;振动噪声主要由不平衡转子传递到机壳或机架产生的离散噪声以及机器内部秸秆物料与锤片、物料与机壳、物料与物料间的碰撞产生的随机宽频噪声组成。基于噪声基础理论与方法研究现状,综述了锤片式秸秆加工机械气动与振动噪声、内流场特性、结构动态特性、锤片等零部件磨损后对振动及噪声影响以及结构声优化设计方面的研究现状。在此基础上,对该类机械噪声的研究进行总结与展望,为锤片式秸秆加工机械降噪及减振设计提供参考与借鉴。

电动汽车座舱内部噪声的非线性心理声学烦恼度建模

拟研究电动汽车座舱内部噪声特性对声学舒适性的影响。通过道路试验获取4种典型路面工况下某型电动汽车在不同车速下的舱内噪声,计算分析其心理声学参数,开展烦恼度主观评价实验,并基于非线性Zwicker心理声学烦恼度及其修正模型进行建模研究。结果显示,随着车速和路面粗糙程度变大,响度逐渐提高,尖锐度也随车速增大而变大;Zwicker心理声学烦恼度模型更适用于电动汽车座舱内部噪声。

利用类型语义表示进行标签降噪的细粒度实体分类

细粒度实体分类(FET)任务的训练数据往往利用已有知识库中的知识通过远程监督方法进行生成,生成过程中不可避免地引入多余的噪音标签。现有考虑训练数据中噪音问题的工作通常只建模训练数据和标注类型的概率分布,对细粒度类型的语义信息学习不足,造成在标注了多个细粒度类型的训练数据上选择了与实体上下文不相关的类型进行模型的学习。本文提出一种利用细粒度类型的语义表示进行标签降噪的细粒度实体分类方法。首先利用训练数据中具有唯一细粒度类型路径的数据学习一部分细粒度类型的表示,进而结合细粒度类型间的关系信息学习其他细粒度类型的表示;其次在标注了细粒度类型的训练数据中选取与实体上下文的语义信息最相似的细粒度类型为目标类型,从数据集中选择Top-K个相似数据进行细粒度类型语义信息的聚合;最后在聚合信息上学习最终的细粒度实体分类模型。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地从标注了细粒度类型的训练数据中选出与实体上下文的语义信息最相符的细粒度类型,达到提升细粒度实体分类准确率的效果。

基于气动措施和滑轮式TMD的人行景观桥涡振混合控制研究

为了解决传统式调谐质量阻尼器(tuned mass damper, TMD)在控制低频桥梁结构中弹簧静伸长过长的问题,介绍了滑轮式TMD及其用于结构振动控制时的特点,指出滑轮式TMD可以有效减小弹簧静伸长量。以一座人行景观桥为例,研究了采用气动措施和滑轮式TMD对该桥的涡振控制效果。风洞试验结果显示,在最优气动措施下,主梁的涡振振幅减少了一半以上,但仍未达到行人舒适性要求。基于Scanlan线性涡激力模型进行滑轮式TMD的优化设计,在气动措施的基础上进一步辅以滑轮式TMD进行涡振控制。分析结果表明,气动措施结合滑轮式TMD进行涡振控制能够满足行人舒适性要求,并确保滑轮式TMD质量块的工作行程不超过限值。通过同时采用气动措施和滑轮式TMD,可以满足主梁涡振限值、TMD弹簧静伸长量和工作行程等多重要求,从而有效控制主梁的涡振现象。本文提出的混合控制方案为类似工程中的涡振控制提供了有益参考,可为工程实践提供指导。

低信噪比地震数据图像结构引导去噪方法与应用

地震噪声影响着复杂断裂结构与储层的刻画,有效压制噪声并保留地震资料中的结构信息,是解释性处理的关键。基于保边光滑原理,在地震数据处理中提出并引入图像结构引导滤波方法,实现自适应地保留断层、裂缝以及储层反射等关键信息并有效压制散射与随机噪声,提高地震数据信噪比。正演模拟数据的去噪试验结果表明,相比常规滤波方法,图像结构引导滤波方法具有更好的保边光滑特性;与构造导向滤波方法相比,该方法不需显式提取层位走向和倾角信息,具有较高的计算效率。实际三维资料的应用结果表明,该方法能有效压制不同类型噪声、提高信噪比和有效反射同相轴的连续性;处理后对应的相干属性可有效增强断裂、储层的分辨能力,更好地描述断裂系统的展布,有利于后续地震资料解释工作。

基于多层六边形MAM的变压器降噪方法设计

城市变压器的噪声治理是输变电工程中亟需解决的问题。该研究对某110kV变压器的噪声频谱进行分析,得到变压器噪声主频的分布特性。利用不同类型薄膜声学超材料隔声能力的互补性,设计了一种基于多层六边形薄膜型声学超材料的复合隔声结构。该隔声结构具有体积小、隔声性能强的特点。采用有限元法对六边形薄膜声学超材料建立仿真模型,研究分析薄膜厚度与预应力对其隔声性能的影响,结合分析结果对该材料进行优化。在此基础上,建立复合隔声结构的有限元仿真模型。仿真结果表明,该种复合隔声结构在变压器噪声的主频点均具有较高的声传递损失,最低可达20.4 dB左右,能很好地阻断变压器噪声传播。

仿生学锯齿桨叶降噪效果试验研究

以仿生学结构改善发动机的气动性能和噪声水平是当前绿色航空的研究热点,对控制对转螺旋桨的气动噪声具有重要的工程应用价值。本文通过地面声学环境下的气动噪声试验研究了仿生学锯齿结构对转螺旋桨的降噪特性,并测试了锯齿结构桨叶和基准桨的拉力、扭矩等气动性能和远场噪声指向性。试验结果表明,所设计的锯齿结构没有引起基准桨的气动性能损失,可以在保持气动性能的同时开展降噪设计。锯齿结构在4000~12000Hz频率区间,没有改变基准桨叶的噪声指向性特征,最大降噪量超过5dB;在所测转速工况的一阶通过频率、二阶通过频率处没有明显的降噪效果。这进一步说明锯齿结构对宽频噪声有降噪效果,对低频段的离散噪声降噪效果不明显。

健康建筑住宅项目技术措施的性能分析

随着我国住宅建筑健康评价体系的不断完善,对住宅建筑的健康性能要求正逐步提升。同时我国健康建筑的建设和评价工作刚刚起步,对健康建筑设计与评价的研究相对较少。基于上海市黄浦区广场社区1号地块项目,探讨健康建筑性能相关的技术措施及效果评价。围绕空气质量、噪声、采光、热舒适等方面,分析形成项目关键技术并总结出设计、施工建议,可为后续类似健康建筑的建设提供参考。