This paper deals critically with the way people’s“comfort zone”is conceptualized within the indoor climate context.It draws attention to the emergence of international building guidelines and standards which engine...This paper deals critically with the way people’s“comfort zone”is conceptualized within the indoor climate context.It draws attention to the emergence of international building guidelines and standards which engineers and architects use when designing a building,that describe the“comfort zone”as a narrow,optimal,steady state of“neutrality”of the human body with its immediate,physical environment.Scientists from different fi elds have been recently suggesting that this conceptualization is unsustainable and based on false assumptions about the relationship and interaction between people and their environment.In order to reconcile sustainability with the built environment’s demand for comfort,the practitioners of sustainable architecture and design as well as policy-makers may greatly benefi t from understanding people’s current social practices,values and visions with regard to comfort;to enable people’s acknowledgement and ability to adapt to sustainable,new ways of operating and managing one’s indoor environment,it may be of advantage to be able to account for the socially accepted,everyday(non-)sustainable actions relating to one’s comfort which can be,in some cases,rigorous and resistant to change.This paper outlines a case where researchers have empirically studied the building inhabitant’s own judgments and values and his actual experience with regard to comfort in everyday life.In parallel qualitative and quantitative data within the user’s context,in this case the building inhabitant’s context,were collected while researchers took the role of the observer-as-participant and followed Danish families how they practice“comfort”during an ordinary day at home,work and school.From the data,an interpretation about the above phenomenon is illustrated in detail showing how situational,temporal and idiosyncratic“ordinary”people’s values and decision making relating to their personal management of the indoor environment are,and the relevance for sustainable building design is demonstrated.The results presented underline the signifi cance of looking beyond e.g.measuring physical parameters and following international building guidelines,when being on the search for comfort“factors”and adaptive opportunities in future sustainable building design.展开更多
Radiant cooling system for thermal comfort of Thai people was developed. Questionnaires for subjective experiments were examined for development of radiant cooling system for thermal comfort. Thermal sensation, humid ...Radiant cooling system for thermal comfort of Thai people was developed. Questionnaires for subjective experiments were examined for development of radiant cooling system for thermal comfort. Thermal sensation, humid sensation and air movement sensation were used for thermal comfort assessment. The Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) value was used for thermal comfort evaluation and it was observed that the PMV values are in the comfortable ranges during 18:00 to 10:00 for air velocity 0.2 m/s and 0.4 m/s. Comfortable periods are extended for higher air velocity. Neutral temperatures are in the ranges of 26.44℃-33.60℃. The percentage number of dissatisfied (PPD) value for each air velocity was also investigate and the value of PPD is five for zero value of PMV. Simulation and experimental results were evaluated by using three indicators, namely, the coefficient of variation (CV), the mean bias error (MBE) and Chi-Square (x2). The values of CV, MBE and (x2) for mean radiant temperature are 14.52%, 1.54% and 3.95℃, respectively. Zones of acceptable thermal environment were developed for Thai People. Results revealed that the comfortable zones of Thai people are in the ranges of relative humidity 50% 70% and effective temperatures (ET) 24℃ 27℃.展开更多
A series of mobile and stationary meteorological measurements were performed in the city of Mendoza, Argentina to study the local influence of green areas on the urban canopy layer heat island effect at the micro scal...A series of mobile and stationary meteorological measurements were performed in the city of Mendoza, Argentina to study the local influence of green areas on the urban canopy layer heat island effect at the micro scale, during the Austral summer of 2003-2005. These results were associated in representative local climate zones (LCZ), which helped to identify different thermal conditions within the city. The physiologically equivalent temperature index was used to determine the thermal comfort in each LCZ, showing that during daylight, trees and parks improve thermal comfort through shading and evapotranspiration;but at the same time, urban tree corridors delay night cooling by retaining warm air beneath their canopies. Also irrigation showed to positively influence on the extension and intensity of the cooling effect of rural areas and parks. The cooling influence of an urban park spreads out through the neighborhoods for 800 - 1000 m, with an average temperature decrease of 1.3°C during daytime and >4.0°C at nighttime.展开更多
文摘This paper deals critically with the way people’s“comfort zone”is conceptualized within the indoor climate context.It draws attention to the emergence of international building guidelines and standards which engineers and architects use when designing a building,that describe the“comfort zone”as a narrow,optimal,steady state of“neutrality”of the human body with its immediate,physical environment.Scientists from different fi elds have been recently suggesting that this conceptualization is unsustainable and based on false assumptions about the relationship and interaction between people and their environment.In order to reconcile sustainability with the built environment’s demand for comfort,the practitioners of sustainable architecture and design as well as policy-makers may greatly benefi t from understanding people’s current social practices,values and visions with regard to comfort;to enable people’s acknowledgement and ability to adapt to sustainable,new ways of operating and managing one’s indoor environment,it may be of advantage to be able to account for the socially accepted,everyday(non-)sustainable actions relating to one’s comfort which can be,in some cases,rigorous and resistant to change.This paper outlines a case where researchers have empirically studied the building inhabitant’s own judgments and values and his actual experience with regard to comfort in everyday life.In parallel qualitative and quantitative data within the user’s context,in this case the building inhabitant’s context,were collected while researchers took the role of the observer-as-participant and followed Danish families how they practice“comfort”during an ordinary day at home,work and school.From the data,an interpretation about the above phenomenon is illustrated in detail showing how situational,temporal and idiosyncratic“ordinary”people’s values and decision making relating to their personal management of the indoor environment are,and the relevance for sustainable building design is demonstrated.The results presented underline the signifi cance of looking beyond e.g.measuring physical parameters and following international building guidelines,when being on the search for comfort“factors”and adaptive opportunities in future sustainable building design.
文摘Radiant cooling system for thermal comfort of Thai people was developed. Questionnaires for subjective experiments were examined for development of radiant cooling system for thermal comfort. Thermal sensation, humid sensation and air movement sensation were used for thermal comfort assessment. The Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) value was used for thermal comfort evaluation and it was observed that the PMV values are in the comfortable ranges during 18:00 to 10:00 for air velocity 0.2 m/s and 0.4 m/s. Comfortable periods are extended for higher air velocity. Neutral temperatures are in the ranges of 26.44℃-33.60℃. The percentage number of dissatisfied (PPD) value for each air velocity was also investigate and the value of PPD is five for zero value of PMV. Simulation and experimental results were evaluated by using three indicators, namely, the coefficient of variation (CV), the mean bias error (MBE) and Chi-Square (x2). The values of CV, MBE and (x2) for mean radiant temperature are 14.52%, 1.54% and 3.95℃, respectively. Zones of acceptable thermal environment were developed for Thai People. Results revealed that the comfortable zones of Thai people are in the ranges of relative humidity 50% 70% and effective temperatures (ET) 24℃ 27℃.
文摘A series of mobile and stationary meteorological measurements were performed in the city of Mendoza, Argentina to study the local influence of green areas on the urban canopy layer heat island effect at the micro scale, during the Austral summer of 2003-2005. These results were associated in representative local climate zones (LCZ), which helped to identify different thermal conditions within the city. The physiologically equivalent temperature index was used to determine the thermal comfort in each LCZ, showing that during daylight, trees and parks improve thermal comfort through shading and evapotranspiration;but at the same time, urban tree corridors delay night cooling by retaining warm air beneath their canopies. Also irrigation showed to positively influence on the extension and intensity of the cooling effect of rural areas and parks. The cooling influence of an urban park spreads out through the neighborhoods for 800 - 1000 m, with an average temperature decrease of 1.3°C during daytime and >4.0°C at nighttime.
