Recent progress in hair follicle stem cell markers and their regulatory roles

Hair follicle stem cells(HFSCs)in the bulge are a multipotent adult stem cell population.They can periodically give rise to new HFs and even regenerate the epidermis and sebaceous glands during wound healing.An increasing number of biomarkers have been used to isolate,label,and trace HFSCs in recent years.Considering more detailed data from single-cell transcriptomics technology,we mainly focus on the important HFSC molecular markers and their regulatory roles in this review.

Bhlhe40 protects cochlear hair cell-like HEI-OC1 cells against H_(2)O_(2) ‑triggered oxidative injury

Background:Cochlear hair cell injury is a common pathological feature of hearing loss.The basic helix-loop-helix family,member e40(Bhlhe40),a gene belonging to the basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)family,exhibits strong transcriptional repression activity.Methods:Oxidative damage,in House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1(HEI-OC1)cells,was caused using hydrogen peroxide(H2O2).The Ad-Bhlhe40 particles were constructed to overexpress Bhlhe40 in HEI-OC1 cells.Various assays including cell counting kit-8(CCK-8),terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling assay(TUNEL),flow cytometry,immunofluorescence,and corresponding commercial kits were employed to investigate the impacts of Bhlhe40 on cell viability,apoptosis,oxidative stress levels,mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular senescence.Additionally,a dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm the targeting of the histone deacetylases 2(Hdac2)by Bhlhe40.Results:The results revealed that Bhlhe40 was downregulated in H_(2)O_(2)-treated HEI-OC1 cells,but its overexpression improved cell viability and mitigated H_(2)O_(2)-induced oxidative injury in HEI-OC1 cells with increase of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and glutathione peroxidase(GPx)activities and decrease of reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels.Besides,overexpression of Bhlhe40 suppressed H_(2)O_(2)-triggered cell senescence,as evidenced by the fact that the upregulation of P53,P21,and P16 in HEI-OC1 cells treated with H2O2 were all alleviated by Bhlhe40 overexpression.And we further verified that overexpression of Bhlhe40 could inhibit the expression of Hdac2,which may be related to the repression of Hdac2 transcription.Conclusion:This study suggests that Bhlhe40 plays a protective role against senescence and oxidative damage in cochlear hair cells exposed to H2O2.

Determinants of Occipital Involvement in Males and Females with Pattern Hair Loss: A Retrospective Study

Background: Pattern hair loss (PHL) is the most common form of hair loss affecting both men and women. The occipital region, located at the back of the scalp, has been considered resistant to hair loss in PHL. It is often used as a donor site for hair transplantation procedures. However, evidence suggests that the occipital region may also be affected by PHL, although to a lesser extent compared to the frontal and vertex regions. Objective: To assess the levels and determinants of occipital involvement in PHL, focusing on gender and disease severity. Such data would enhance the comprehensive understanding of PHL progression and inform development of improved treatment strategies. Methods: This retrospective study involved 1993 adults (1000 males, 993 females) following for PHL at a specialized hair clinic in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Any patient who had hair transplantation in the past and any male who had balding areas (Hamilton-Norwood scales 4 to 7) at the initial consultation was excluded. The primary outcome was occipital involvement, defined as >10% thin hairs in the trichometry assessments of the occipital region. Additional data included patients age, treatment status, disease severity, and other trichometry parameters. Results: The prevalence of occipital involvement was found to be 23.8% overall, significantly more frequent in females (35.6%) than males with early PHL (Hamilton-Norwood scales 2 and 3) (12.1%) (p Conclusion: This study underscored the relevance of gender and disease severity in occipital involvement in PHL. Females had significantly higher rates of occipital involvement, suggesting that gender differences are critical in understanding PHL progression. Future research should aim to validate these findings, with an aim to refine therapeutic and surgical approaches to improve patient outcomes.

认知隐喻视角下“头发”和“hair”的对比探究

认知隐喻学认为身体是人类认识世界、理解世界的中介,在此基础上身体词被赋予了诸多隐喻。选取身体词“头发”和“hair”进行对比分析,借助CCL和COCA语料库,结合两国不同文化背景,分析“头发”和“hair”隐喻色彩的异同。研究发现,“头发”和“hair”基本释义相同,也都拥有年龄色彩和情感色彩,但“头发”还拥有“hair”所不具备的器官色彩。在分析原因时,借助体认语言学的相关理论指出器官构造的高度相似导致体验感的高度相似,不同文化和价值观念导致语言加工的差异。

Melatonin promotes the development of the secondary hair follicles by regulating circMPP5

Background The quality and yield of cashmere fibre are closely related to the differentiation and development of secondary hair follicles in the skin of cashmere goats.The higher the density of secondary hair follicles,the higher the quality and yield of cashmere from the fleece.Development of secondary hair follicles commences in the embryonic stage of life and is completed 6 months after birth.Preliminary experimental results from our laboratory showed that melatonin(MT)treatment of goat kids after their birth could increase the density of secondary hair follicles and,thus,improve the subsequent yield and quality of cashmere.These changes in the secondary hair follicles resulted from increases in levels of antioxidant and expression of anti-apoptotic protein,and from a reduction in apoptosis.The present study was conducted to explore the molecular mechanism of MT-induced secondary hair follicle differentiation and development by using whole-genome analysis.Results MT had no adverse effect on the growth performance of cashmere kids but significantly improved the character of the secondary hair follicles and the quality of cashmere,and this dominant effect continued to the second year.Melatonin promotes the proliferation of secondary hair follicle cells at an early age.The formation of secondary hair follicles in the MT group was earlier than that in the control group in the second year.The genome-wide data results involved KEGG analysis of 1044 DEmRNAs,91 DElncRNAs,1054 DEcircRNAs,and 61 DEmiRNAs which revealed that the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathway is involved in the development of secondary hair follicles,with key genes(FGF2,FGF21,FGFR3,MAPK3(ERK1))being up-regulated and expressed.We also found that the circMPP5 could sponged miR-211 and regulate the expression of MAPK3.Conclusions We conclude that MT achieves its effects by regulating the MAPK pathway through the circMPP5 sponged the miR-211,regulating the expression of MAPK3,to induce the differentiation and proliferation of secondary hair follicle cells.In addition there is up-regulation of expression of the anti-apoptotic protein causing reduced apoptosis of hair follicle cells.Collectively,these events increase the numbers of secondary hair follicles,thus improving the production of cashmere from these goats.

Hair growth-promotion effects and antioxidant activity of the banana flower extract HappyAngel^(■):double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Banana flowers contain various bioactive components, including several antioxidants with anti-inflammatory effects. However, it is unclear whether they can reduce and prevent hair loss. This study examines the effect of banana flower extracts on preventing hair loss and strengthening hair roots. The banana flower extract(HappyAngel^(■))was used to treat human hair follicle dermal papilla cells(HFDPCs)and the expression of reactive oxygen species(ROS), dihydrotestosterone(DHT), and hair-related genes(SRD5A1, SRD5A2, AR, and KROX20)were monitored. Fifty subjects were divided into a placebo group and a banana flower group. The experimental group consumed banana flower extract daily for twelve weeks and then underwent hair testing, hair-related genes analysis, collection of hair loss, and questionnaires. The results showed that the banana flower extract significantly increased hair cell growth and decreased the expression of ROS, DHT, and hair follicle growth inhibition-related SRD5A1, SRD5A2, and AR genes, and significantly increased the expression of hair growth-related KROX20 gene in HFDPCs. Consuming banana flower extract for twelve weeks increased the hair root diameter and reduced hair loss and scalp redness compared to the placebo group. Thus, banana flower extract(HappyAngel^(■))can stimulate hair growth and inhibit the activation of hair loss genes.

Artificial nerve graft constructed by coculture of activated Schwann cells and human hair keratin for repair of peripheral nerve defects

Studies have shown that human hair keratin(HHK) has no antigenicity and excellent mechanical properties. Schwann cells, as unique glial cells in the peripheral nervous system, can be induced by interleukin-1β to secrete nerve growth factor, which promotes neural regeneration. Therefore, HHK with Schwann cells may be a more effective approach to repair nerve defects than HHK without Schwann cells. In this study, we established an artificial nerve graft by loading an HHK skeleton with activated Schwann cells. We found that the longitudinal HHK microfilament structure provided adhesion medium, space and direction for Schwann cells, and promoted Schwann cell growth and nerve fiber regeneration. In addition, interleukin-1β not only activates Schwann cells, but also strengthens their activity and increases the expression of nerve growth factors. Activated Schwann cells activate macrophages, and activated macrophages secrete interleukin-1β, which maintains the activity of Schwann cells. Thus, a beneficial cycle forms and promotes nerve repair. Furthermore, our studies have found that the newly constructed artificial nerve graft promotes the improvements in nerve conduction function and motor function in rats with sciatic nerve injury, and increases the expression of nerve injury repair factors fibroblast growth factor 2 and human transforming growth factor B receptor 2. These findings suggest that this artificial nerve graft effectively repairs peripheral nerve injury.

Isolation and Identification of Fungi That Cause Hair Loss (Alopecia)

Due to the crowded number of female students in a very narrow place, the fact that the college is for females only, and the fact that some of the female students live in the internal sections of the student residence, as well as the crowded number there, and as a result of the presence of the head covering or what is known as the Islamic veil on the head, which covers the hair of the head, which provides a suitable hot humid atmosphere 100% of fungal growth in the scalp of female students. Therefore, it is necessary to know the widespread fungal species that contaminate the scalp. In other research, we learn about the antifungals that should be used to reduce fungal infections in college employees. The study was carried out to identify the presence and spread of fungi that cause hair loss. The study was conducted on some students of the College of Education for Girls/University of Shatra for the period from 1/11/2021 to 1/12/2021, where 100 hundred hair samples were collected from (the scalp) from different ages in different educational stages, as random samples were taken after asking the student whether she suffers from hair loss or not, and studying the presence and spread of fungi in terms of density and type, after transferring them to the microbiology laboratory-College of Education for Girls using sterile sample collection bags. The current results showed that the fungal species E. flocculosum is the most common among them, followed by the fungal species C. carrionii, then the rest of the genera are as follows: E. flocculosum, Basisdioplus, Aspergillus terreud Hormderndrum Rhodotorula, Bipolaris, Aspergillus, Phoma, Rhizopus, Blastomyces, Microsporum, Sporothrix, Exophiala jeanselmei, Neoscytalidium Aeremonium Cladophialophora carrionii, Paecilomyces, Exophiala dermatitidis, Geotrichum, Volvariella, Rhizomucor, Saksmaea vassiformis, Candida albicans, Chrysosporium, Dimiatum.

Efficacy and Safety of Alexandrite and Nd:YAG Laser Combination in Permanent Hair Removal

Background and Objective: Unwanted hair growth is a discomforting issue affecting both genders. People have tried various methods to get rid of this situation. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combined Alexandrite and Nd:YAG laser treatment for permanent hair removal, drawing insights from existing literature. Materials and Methods:This study included a total of 2127 patients (302 males, 1825 females) aged 18 - 65, with complete data, who underwent hair removal treatment between December 2018 and April 2021. These patients were treated using the Duetta laser system (Quanta system, Samarate, Italy), combining Alexandrite 755 nm and Nd:YAG 1064 nm wavelengths. The patients’ skin types were classified according to the Fitzpatrick classification scale. Target area/areas for laser hair removal was/were determined. Laser parameters, pulse counts, pain levels assessed through the Visual Pain Scale (VPS), and patient satisfaction were documented based on skin types. Findings: Across various skin types, Types I - II exhibited the highest treatment success rates (87%), with the axillary region achieving the highest rate (83%) and the face region achieving the lowest rate (75%). Pain scale analysis indicated that 98% of patients tolerated the procedure well. Patient satisfaction levels exceeded 90%. Evaluation of complication rates revealed minimal occurrences. Conclusion: The combined Alexandrite and Nd:YAG laser system demonstrates both efficacy and safety across diverse skin types, attributed to its notable success rates, minimal adverse effects, and high patient tolerance.

Natural product rhynchophylline prevents stress-induced hair graying by preserving melanocyte stem cells via theβ2 adrenergic pathway suppression

Norepinephrine(NA),a stress hormone,can accelerate hair graying by binding toβ2 adrenergic receptors(β_(2)AR)on melanocyte stem cells(McSCs).From this,NA-β_(2)AR axis could be a potential target for preventing the stress effect.However,identifying selective blockers forβ_(2)AR has been a key challenge.Therefore,in this study,advanced computer-aided drug design(CADD)techniques were harnessed to screen natural molecules,leading to the discovery of rhynchophylline as a promising compound.Rhynchophylline exhibited strong and stable binding within the active site ofβ_(2)AR,as verified by molecular docking and dynamic simulation assays.When administered to cells,rhyncho-phylline effectively inhibited NA-β_(2)AR signaling.This intervention resulted in a significant reduction of hair graying in a stress-induced mouse model,from 28.5%to 8.2%.To gain a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms,transcriptome sequencing was employed,which revealed that NA might disrupt melanogenesis by affecting intracellular calcium balance and promoting cell apoptosis.Importantly,rhynchophylline acted as a potent inhibitor of these downstream pathways.In conclusion,the study demonstrated that rhynchophylline has the potential to mitigate the negative impact of NA on melanogenesis by targetingβ_(2)AR,thus offering a promising solution for preventing stress-induced hair graying.

The role of Rho GTPase family in cochlear hair cells and hearing

Rho GTPases are essential regulators of the actin cytoskeleton.They are involved in various physiological and biochemical processes such as the regulation of cytoskeleton dynamics,development,proliferation,survival,and regeneration.During the development of cochlear hair cells,Rho GTPases are activated by various extracellular signals through membrane receptors to further stimulate multiple downstream effectors.Specifically,RhoA,Cdc42,and Rac1,members of the classical subfamily of the Rho GTPase family,regulate the development and maintenance of cilia by inducing the polymerization of actin monomers and stabilizing actin filaments.In addition,they also regulate the normal morphology orientation of ciliary bundles in auditory hair cells,which is an important element of cell polarity regulation.Moreover,the actin-related pathways mediated by RhoA,Cdc42,and Rac1 also play a role in the motility of outer hair cells,indicating that the function of Rho GTPases is crucial in the highly polar auditory sensory system.In this review,we focus on the expression of RhoA,Cdc42,and Rac1 in cochlear hair cells and how these small molecules participate in ciliary bundle morphogenesis and cochlear hair cell movement.We also discuss the progress of current research investigating the use of these small molecules as drug targets for deafness treatment.

The Haircare Efficacy Research of Prinsepia Utilis OilPrinsepia Oil

To research the hair-care efficacy of prinsepia utilis oil.We evaluated the haircare efficacies of prinsepia utilis oil through methods such as differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),measuring difficulty level and mechanical resistance against combing of wet and dry hair,scanning electron microscopy(SEM).According to the analysis of differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),the testing sample has repairing effect on the hairα-keratin damage induced by heated blowing.According to the pictures of scanning electron microscopy(SEM),The test results indicate the repairing or resisting thermal damage effects induced by hair drier of prinsepia utilis oil.By comparison with the blank control group,the strength and work of dry comb and wet comb were significantly reduced in the samples tested with 2%prinsepia utilis oil concentration(P﹤0.05).This indicates the testing sample has the efficacy to improve the easiness of combing and anti-tangle.And friction work is significantly reduced This indicates the smoothing efficacy of the testing sample.and the hair scales status is better;this indicates hair scales repairing efficacy of testing sample.Conclusion:PRINSEPIA UTILIS OIL has the effect of repairing hair scales,resisting thermal damage caused by hair dryer,easy to comb,anti-tangle,smoothing.

Therapeutic Approach for Hair Growth and Regeneration Using Bioactive Formulation Containing Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Conditioned Medium

Background and Aims: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common form of hair loss in both men and women. Despite its high prevalence and associated patient morbidity, the approved therapeutic options are limited to finasteride and minoxidil. The present study is aimed at assessing the efficacy of hair serum formulation, Trichosera®containing Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells conditioned media as an active ingredient, for hair fall control and hair regrowth in healthy Indian human volunteers. Methods: The product was made using a 20% concentration of 10X Conditioned Media along with excipients. The final product was tested for physicochemical parameters, biomarkers, total protein content and microbial limits as per our in-house specifications. Results: The primary irritation patch test showed that the product is non-irritant and dermatologically safe. A clinical study on 40 subjects was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the bioactive formulation in hair fall control and hair regrowth in healthy volunteers. Phototrichogram measurement showed hair density and hair growth rate increased significantly by 11.54% and 18.66% at week 24. Hair tensile strength also increased significantly by 41.10% at 12 weeks follow-up. Hair pull test, to see a reduction in pulled hair and comb’s test to show a decrease in hair fall significantly improved from week 4 onwards. There were no significant adverse events in response to the product application. Conclusion: It is concluded that the hair serum product is completely safe on direct application to the scalp and showed significant improvement in the hair growth rate, hair density, scalp condition and reduction in hair fall. .

易被忽视及误诊的癣病——毳毛癣

本文报告2例儿童面部毳毛癣。例1.女,3岁。面部红斑、丘疹、脱屑及瘙痒1个月余。皮肤科检查:左眼眶周圆形红斑及丘疹,境界较清晰,皮损边缘轻微隆起,伴少许脱屑,轻微红肿,鼻尖处少许类似皮损。真菌学检查:毳毛真菌荧光镜检阳性,真菌培养示须癣毛癣菌生长,真菌药敏实验示特比萘芬和伊曲康唑敏感。诊断:毳毛癣。治疗:予口服特比萘芬及泼尼松,外用维生素E乳膏。例2.女,4岁。面部红斑、丘疹、脱屑及瘙痒2个月余。皮肤科检查:左颊部圆形红斑,境界尚清晰,可见散在丘疹及轻微脱屑,少许毛细血管扩张及色素沉着。真菌学检查:毳毛真菌荧光镜检阳性,真菌培养未生长。诊断:毳毛癣。治疗:予口服特比萘芬,外用维生素E乳膏。

半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸对体外培养绒山羊次级毛囊生长及毛乳头细胞增殖的影响

旨在探讨半胱氨酸(Cys)、蛋氨酸(Met)对体外培养燕山绒山羊次级毛囊(SF)生长及毛乳头细胞(DPCs)增殖凋亡的影响。本研究选取1只1周岁左右健康雄性燕山绒山羊皮肤若干,完整分离的次级毛囊随机分成Cys试验组和Met试验组,每组各浓度3个重复,每个重复8根毛囊,Cys试验组添加浓度分别为0、40、80、120、160和200μg·mL^(-1);Met试验组添加浓度分别为0、10、15、20、25和30μg·mL^(-1)。毛囊培养7 d,每隔24 h观察毛囊生长形态并测量毛囊生长长度。从燕山绒山羊次级毛囊中提取、纯化DPCs,细胞计数并绘制DPCs生长曲线,将DPCs随机分为Cys试验组和Met试验组,每组各浓度6个重复,Cys试验组添加浓度分别为0、20、40、60、80、100μg·mL^(-1);Met试验组添加浓度分别为0、2、4、6、8、10μg·mL^(-1)。培养2 h后用CCK-8试剂盒进行细胞增殖活力测定,确定燕山绒山羊DPCs中Cys和Met的最适培养浓度,利用qRT-PCR技术检测不同浓度Cys和Met的DPCs增殖相关基因(PCNA、CCND1、CDC42、CDK 4)、凋亡相关基因(P21、P53、Bax、Caspase-3、Bcl-2)、皮肤细胞分化相关基因(IVL)及角蛋白相关基因(K10、K 14)mRNA表达水平。结果表明,与对照组相比,添加80和120μg·mL^(-1) Cys与10、15、20和25μg·mL^(-1) Met均可显著影响次级毛囊生长速率和累计生长长度(P<0.01),且120μg·mL^(-1) Cys和20μg·mL^(-1) Met促生长效果最好;添加20、40和60μg·mL^(-1) Cys可以显著影响DPCs增殖(P<0.05),添加40μg·mL^(-1) Cys显著上调PCNA、CCND1、CDK4、Bcl-2、K10、K 14和IVL基因mRNA表达量(P<0.05);添加6μg·mL^(-1) Met可以显著影响DPCs增殖(P<0.05),并显著上调PCNA、CCND1、CDK4、P21、Bcl-2、K 10和K 14基因mRNA表达量(P<0.05)。综上,添加Cys和Met可以显著促进长绒期燕山绒山羊次级毛囊生长,最适添加量分别为120μg·mL^(-1)和20μg·mL^(-1);添加Cys和Met可通过上调细胞增殖、分化、角蛋白等基因mRNA、下调细胞凋亡基因mRNA表达,促进乳头细胞增殖、抑制细胞凋亡进而促进燕山绒山羊次级毛囊生长。

再就业对低龄老年人生活满意度的影响——基于银发消费的中介效应检验

随着人口老龄化程度不断加深,深度开发老年人力资源是贯彻落实积极应对人口老龄化国家战略以及推动社会适老化转型的重要举措,探究老年人力资源开发对低龄老年人生活满意度的影响具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。利用2011年、2013年、2015年、2018年四期中国健康与养老追踪调查数据(CHARLS),从低龄老年人的劳动收入水平出发,探讨再就业对低龄老年人生活满意度的影响。主要结果发现:再就业可以显著改善低龄老年人的生活满意度,其中对男性低龄老年人生活满意度的改善作用更显著;对农村低龄老年人的生活满意度影响更直接;对不同隔代照料情况下的低龄老年人生活满意度的影响不一。此外,家庭支持、社会支持以及融入社会有益于提高低龄老年人生活满意度。影响机制检验表明,再就业能够通过增加低龄老年人的银发消费能力提高其生活质量和其生活满意度。总体来看,再就业是影响低龄老年人生活满意度的重要因素,人口政策的制定要聚焦核心群体,继续推进经济社会适老化转型,从“增收入”“缩差距”“减负担”“强赋能”四个方面,提升低龄老年人再就业意愿、缩小城乡老年人资源禀赋差距、减轻老年人隔代照料负担、激发银发消费潜力,最终提升老年人生活满意度。

跨越鸿沟重返舞台:积极老龄化视角下“银发网红”平台参与模式研究

平台技术在重构公众日常生活的同时,也给老年群体的晚年生活带来了新的可能性和挑战。一方面,老年人积极使用数字媒体,借助平台实现一定程度的社会参与;另一方面,当数字技术拓宽老年群体的社会活动范围,他们也面临除接入、技能和素养之外的参与性鸿沟。本文采用参与式观察和深度访谈法,聚焦深度参与平台内容生产活动的“银发网红”接入平台社会的模式,考察其在此过程中如何实现积极老龄化。研究发现,以老年人为中心的多层次、嵌入性、创造性平台参与结构正在形成,“银发网红”在多维平台参与的过程中获得了积极体验和暮年生活新意义。在“自我接入”模式中,他们将平台视为自我展示的空间、日常生活的延伸、拓展社会关系和满足自我需求的工具,在内容创作中获得技术自我效能感和重塑第二人生的机会。“家庭作坊”模式中,他们与家人合作参与平台社会,在获得代际反哺的同时形成代际互惠,也获得了更多情感联结与自我身份认同。“机构辅助”模式中,他们适应自我商品化,跻身银发经济,获得了个人价值的放大,实现了更大范围的社会融入。

发制品透气性检测方法的研究

发制品已成为消费者更具时尚性和个性化的消费品。透气性能是衡量发制品穿戴舒适性的关键性能,也是消费者关注的重点。研究了发制品透气性的试验仪器和试验参数,最终制定了发制品透气性的检测方法。试验表明:测试夹具及试验参数可以有效区分不同结构帽底透气性能的好坏,检测方法重现性好,精密度达到可接受水平。

以银发经济推进农村互助养老发展的政策支持研究——以J省X市颐养之家为例

我国首部“银发经济”政策文件出台,为农村互助养老模式提供了“有为政府”与“有效市场”相结合的实践场域。通过对具有全国性影响的J省X市颐养之家的典型案例分析发现,当前农村互助养老模式的主要政策目标是为有需要的农村留守、独居及困难老年人提供基本生活保障的兜底型养老。在银发经济“产品化-商品化-产业化”阶段性发展的大趋势下,农村互助养老还可以是普惠式养老,更应该是高质量的积极养老。针对农村互助养老模式在政策执行中分配基础、分配内容、输送策略、筹资机制等方面存在的不足,建议将发挥有效市场作用与有为政府作用更好结合,进一步完善优化政策支持,纳入“一老一小”,扩展受益对象;引进商品化竞争机制,丰富服务供给;推动多主体跨部门合作,形成网状输送;划定红线并链接资源,发展团结经济,着力推动农村互助养老高质量发展。

麋鹿被毛微量元素、重金属含量及对环境污染的监测作用

哺乳动物被毛微量元素和重金属元素含量能够反映其生活状态和栖息地状况,是环境监测中重要的生物化学指示物。对北京南海子和浙江临安两地麋鹿(Elaphurus davidianus)种群被毛中的10种重金属和34种微量元素进行测定,以期探讨麋鹿被毛微量元素和重金属含量在栖息环境监测中的可行性。结果表明:除Re元素外,其余43种元素在麋鹿被毛中均被检出,统计分析表明Li、Be、Sc、V、Co、Ga、Rb、Ir、Mo、Cd、Cs、Ba、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Tl、Bi、Th、U、Nb、Ta、Zr和Hf 34种元素为麋鹿被毛的特征元素;与北京南海子麋鹿种群相比,浙江临安麋鹿种群被毛中的微量元素Sr、In、Sb、W、Bi、U和重金属元素Zn、Cu、Cr、Pb、Cd含量更少,其余32种元素含量均高于北京南海子麋鹿种群;独立样本t检验分析表明,麋鹿被毛微量元素和重金属元素含量存在地域差异性,仅Cr(p=0.064)、Ni(p=0.769)、Mo(p=0.129)、Tl(p=0.065)、Zr(p=0.138)和Hf(p=0.057)6种元素差异不显著,其余37种元素差异均显著;北京南海子和浙江临安麋鹿种群的栖息环境和食物均未受到Zn、Cu、Cr、Pb、Cd、V、Co、Ni、Sb和Tl 10种重金属元素污染的威胁。研究表明,麋鹿被毛可作为栖息环境重金属污染的非损伤监测指示材料。